4. p a v e d t h e w a y f o r
t h e p r e s e n c e o f
a d v a n c e d a n d
s o p h i s t i c a t e d
s c i e n t i f i c a n d
t e c h n o l o g i c a l
i n n o v a t i o n s t o d a y
HISTORICAL
ANTECEDENTS
6. ANCIENT PERIOD
The rise of ancient civilizations paved the
way for advancements in science and
technology. These advances enhanced
communication, transportation, self-
organization, and of living.
7. ANCIENT WHEEL
• No one knows who invented the wheel and
when
• Grew out of a mechanical device called the
potter’s wheel
• Credited to the Sumerians
• Result of shifting the potter’s wheel to a 90-degree
angle for transportation
• 1000 to 1500 years later, the wheel was first used
on carts
8. POTTER’S
WHEEL
• A heavy flat disk made of
hardened clay
• Spun horizontally on an axis
• Invented by the Sumerians
shortly after 3500BC
9. • A mAteriAl similAr to thick pAper
• mAde from the pith of the pApyrus plAnt
cyperus papyrus
• lightweight, strong, durAble, And portAble
• used by egyptiAns Around 3000 bc
• before, writing wAs done on stone but becAuse
of its difficulty, writing was
reserved only for important occasi
10. • Documentation became efficient,
widespread, and vast
• Information dissemination
became faster
• Records were kept and stood the
test of time
11. • Also shaduf
• A hand-operated device used for
lifting water
• An early tool invented and used by
ancient Egyptians to irrigate land near
the Nile river
12. • Because of this, irrigation and
farming became more efficient
• An ancient precursor of more
sophisticated irrigation tools
• Introduced the idea of lifting
weights using counterweight
13. • The Greeks had already invented the ancient world’s analog
computer orrery
• Discovered in 1902
• Retrieved from the waters of Antikythera, Greece
• Similar to a mantel clock
• Must have been housed in a wooden case
• Has a circular face and rotating hands thus, similar to a
clock
ANTIKYTHERA
MECHANISM
18. • The first rudimentary
steam engine
• One of many temple
wonders
• Roman author, architect, and civil engineer
Vitruvius described it as a scientific
invention through which “the mighty and
wonderful laws of the heavens and the
nature of winds” may be understood and judged
