Important

1. INTRODUCTION TO EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION:
• Ancient Egypt civilization that thrived along the nile river in northeastern Africa for more
than ‘’3000” year, from that ‘’3300” BC to’’30” BC.
• It was the longest-lived civilization of the ancient world.
• Geographically,the term ancient Egypt indicates the territory where the ancient
Egyptians lived in a valley and delta of the nile.
• Culturally ,it refers to the ways ancient Egyptians spoke,worshiped,understood the
nature of the physical world, organized their government made their living enterained
themselves and related to others who were not Egyptian.
• The nile river,which formed the focus of ancient Egyptian
Civilization, originates in the highlands of east Africa and
Flows northward throughout the length of what are now
“Sudan”and Egypt.
• It was in this land that two of the seven wonder of the
World were found: the pyramid at giza and lighthouse at
Alexandria.

2. • The natural factors combined to give rise to the
Give rise to a greart civilization in the nile region.
The egypt;’s relatively cloudless sky the sun almost
Always shone,consistently providing heat and light.
The nile served as a water highway for the people,a
Constant source of life-giving water,and the sustain-
er of all plant and animals.
• The ancient Egyptians produced a vast body of
Written records,including ethical and moralistic
Treatises,instructional texts,religious and megical
Scrolls,evocative love,poetry, epic stories and ribald
Table.
• They possessed a sophisticated understood of
Mathematics and principe of architecture, enabling
Them to introduce to the world large stone building
Before 2500BC.Their enduring images,sculpted,
Painted and drawn-captivate viewers even today.

3. GEOGRAPHY
• Egypt is located in the middle of the sahara
desert.
• There are no mountains in dunes make huge sand
and hills in the desert making it hard to travel.
• The sand dunes are created by wind blowing the
sand around.
• There are two parts of ancient egypt.
• Lower egypt and upper egypt.
• Most of egypt made of sand and some rock.
• the geographic size is 387000 square miles.
• According to inscription and document found by
Archeaaologists the Egyptians called their country
kemat, meaning “the black land’’ a reference to the
dark,fertile soil that remained after the nile
floodwaters desert that called “the red land’’.

4. RELATION WITH THE NILE:
• The nile river is an important part of egypt.
• The Egyptians call the nile river the life of Egypt because if there was no nile river there
would not be anybody living there.
• The nile river is about 4145 mile long. It is the longest riverin the world.
• The nile gave them rich soil to grow there crops so they haved food.
• Egypt’s two most important places are the nile delta and the nile valley,all ancient
Egyptians depended on the nile river for food,water transportation.
• The nile river was a swap land .
• The nile river flows into the Mediterranean sea.
• It is next to the dead sea,but dosen’t flow into it.
• The river splits into three parts before it flows
into the sea.

6. TIMLELINE:
• Old kingdom 2686-2181 BC
• Middle kingdom 1991-1786 BC
• New kingdom 1567-1085BC
• About 3100BC—unification of upper and loweregypt:invention of hieroglyphic
writing,protodynastic period begins.
• About 2686—end of protodynastic period; start of the old kingdom.
• About 2560—construction of the Giza pyramid and the sphinx.
• About 2181—end of old kingdom papyrus already in use;civil wars.
• About 1991– start of middle kingdom.
• About 1786– middle kingdom collapse in face if invasion from the east.
• About 1567—beginning of new kingdom as invaders are repulsed.
• About 1450—Egyptians empire extends from sudans to Syria.
• About 1378—Akhenaten (ruled about 1378-1362)a pharaoh of the 18th dyasty, introduce
monotheism,worship of a single god.
• About 1085—end of new kingdom.

7. UPER EGYPT:
• Upper (southern)egypt
was the long, narrow
strip of ancient egypt
located south of the
delta and the 30th
parallel to north.
• It thus consist of the
entire nile river valley
from cairo south to
lake Nasser.
• In ancient egypt ,upper
egypt was known as
‘’the land of reeds”or
sedgeland.
LOWER EGYPT:
• Lower (northern)egypt
consisted of the nile
river’s delta made by
the river as it empties
into the
Mediterranean.
• The nile river split into
seven branches of the
delta in lower egypt.

8. GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL HISTORY

9. RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHY

10. • Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of plythesistic beliefs and
rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture.
• It centered on the Egyptians’s interaction with many deities belived to be
present in and in control pf the world.
• Rituals such as prayers and offering were providing to the god to gain their
favor.
• Ancient Egyptian philosophy refers to the philosophical works and beliefs of
ancient egypt.
• One Egyptian figure often considered an early philosopher is ptahhotep .
• He served as vizier to the pharaoh in the late 25th early 24th century bc .
• The Egyptian belived that the phenomena of nature were divine forces in
and of themselves.

11. GOD AND GODDESS:
• Egyptians belived that in a lot of gods.
• One of them,Osiris, the god of the underworld changes there daily life routine.
• Everyday they have to god to there temple and give him an offering so he will spare there
lives.
• The Egyptian would mummify you by taking your brains out through your nose and
draining all the fluids body .
• Maat was the god of order , justice and truth.
• A women wearing a crown surmounted by a huge ostrich feather.
• Seth was the god of the desert, strom and violence which are all enemies of the fertile
prosperous narrow valley of the nile.
• Horus,the son of Osiris was the godof balance and
Harmony ,assigned to maintain the maat of egypt.
His function was to ensure the continuing existence
And activity of the gods on the earth by means of
Religious acts and to maintain the natural order
Such as flow of nile& fertility of soil.

12. DIFFEREENT GOD &GODDESS

13. MUMMIFICATION
• Making a mummy was a complicated
job ,firstly the dead person’s brain
andsome other organ were removed
and put in jars called canopic
jars.then the body was covered with
salt and left to dry for up to 40 days.
• When the body was dry it was stuffed
with linen and other things to help it
keeps its shape.
• Then it was oiled and bounded tightly
with linen bandages.
• An anumlet was plased with the
mummy for luck.These are the
canopic jars that contained
livear,stomach and lungs of the dead
person.

14. TOMBS AND TEMPLES
• The temple of ancient egypt remains as a constant reminder of the power and glory of th
Egyptian state and its gods.
• Each of the major gods had their own cult center with a temple complex as well as the state
temple at luxor and Karnak’.
• In addition the pharaohs also built mortuary temple where their bodies were prepared for
their eternal rest.
• Several of the these survive at luxor.
• The surving tombs provide a treasure trove of both objects and information.
• The painting and modals includes with the burials give a glimpse of the everyday life of the
ordinary people and the texts provides invaluable information which help to build up family
trees and to establish the chronology.

15. THE KARNAK TEMPLE
• The Karnak temple is a
massive temle complx to
which dozen of pharaohs
added their construction .
• The area was in constant
development and use
between the middle
kingdom(2080-1640 BC )and
the early Christian period.

16. THE KHONS TEMPLE
• The temple of Khonsu is an
ancient Egyptian temple.
• It is located within the large
precinct of amun-re at
Karnak,in luxor ,egypt.

17. Art which used in different temple:

18. Tombs
• Tombs were built as large and adorned as the owner could afford and anyone with
the fund prepaid for mummification.
• The reason fr this heavy focus on death relates to the image of the world divided into
two halves which together formed the eternal continuity of cosmos.

20. PYRAMIDS
• In the 3rd dynasty (old kingdom)Imhotep built the step pyamid for zoser.
• This structure was the first all stone monument and was ,of course,the insipriation
for the truepyramids that followed ,culminating into the pyramids of giza ,and in
particular the great pyramids of khufu.
• The pyramids were the major achievement of the 4th dynasty approximately 2500bc
(old kingdom)and were built for khufu,Khafre and menkaure.
• These structures are truly awesome.

21. ORDER:
• Greek order.
• Roman order.
• GREEK ORDER:

22. ROMAN ORDER:

23. LANGUAGE ART AND WRITING
• Language in there time was very advanced for there times.
• They had a form of writing called hieroglyphics.
• This forms of writing used picturs and symbols instead of letter .
• The ancient Egyptians did not have many school like we have today but the school that
they did have been teaching people how to be scribe.
• Napoleons invasion led to the spread of all the Egyptian art.

24. Hieroglyphs:
• Pictures that were used to write the ancient
Egyptians language.
• Originally used to keep records of the king’s
possession’
• As the language became more complex more
pictures were needed.
• Eventually the language consisted of more than
750 individual sings.
The word hieroglyphs in Greek, means
scared drawing.
They were only used for religious
things and were usually drawing of
familiar.