Yukl, G., Gardner, W. L. (2019). Leadership in Organizations 9th Edition, Global Edition. Pearson Education.

1. Decision Making
and Empowerment
by Leaders
Yukl & Gardner
(2019)
Arimbi Priadipa, M.B.A.

2. Learning
Objectives
• Understand different forms of participative and
empowering leadership.
• Understand the major findings in research on
consequences of participative and
• empowering leadership.
• Understand the situations in which participative
and empowering leadership are most likely to be
effective.
• Understand empowerment programs and
psychological empowerment.
• Understand when and how to use consultation and
delegation.

3. • Making decisions is one of the most important functions performed by leaders.
• Many of the activities of managers and administrators involve making and implementing decisions.
• Participative leadership involves efforts by a leader to enlist the aid of others in making important decisions
• Delegation and consultation are distinct types of power-sharing processes that leaders can use to empower
subordinates.
• Psychological empowerment involves the perception by members of an organization that they have the
opportunity to determine their work roles, accomplish meaningful work, and influence important events.
• Empowering leadership promotes a sense of psychological empowerment for followers by sharing power
with them and by providing emotional and developmental support.
• Empowering and participative leadership are subjects that bridge the power and behavior approaches to
leadership.
• Taken together, the two different perspectives provide a better understanding of effective leadership in
organizations

4. Decision
Making by
Managers
An important responsibility of formal leaders is to make decisions
about objectives, strategies, operational procedures, and the
allocation of resources.
• Emotions and Intuition Are Often Involved
• Important Decisions Are Disorderly and Political
• Many Decisions Are Informal and Adaptive
• Routine Decisions Are Different

5. Participative
Leadership
• Types of Decision Procedures
• Autocratic Decision
• Consultation.
• Joint Decision.
• Delegation

6. • Potential Benefits of
Participative Leadership
• Decision Quality.
• Decision Acceptance.
• Satisfaction with the Decision
Process.
• Development of Participant Skills.

7. Objectives for Different Participants
Research on Effects of Participative
Leadership
The Threshold Effect of Participative
Leadership
Findings in Participation Research

8. Normative
Decision
Model

9. • Decision Acceptance and
Quality
• Situational Variables
• Decision Rules

11. Evaluation of the Theory

12. Guidelines
for
Participative
Leadership

13. Delegation
Varieties of Delegation
Potential Benefits from Delegation
Reasons for Lack of Delegation
Research on Consequences of
Delegation

15. Guidelines for Delegating

16. How to Delegate

17. Empowerment Programs
LEADER SELECTION
AND ASSESSMENT
FORMAL DECISION
PROCEDURES
SHARED LEADERSHIP
RESPONSIBILITIES
INFORMATION
SHARING

18. Benefits of
Empowering
Leadership
and
Programs