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HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0
1.
2. The Spread of Christianity
Paul spread Christianity to the Greek and Roman
cities of the ancient Mediterranean world
The Roman Empire then had a polytheistic religion
Christianity was considered to be illegal and
Christians would be prosecuted this resulted them to
worship in secret.
5. But due to the latter separation between the Jews
and Christians, they continued worshipping in
private houses of the wealthier Christians about
70CE
6.
7. Dura-Europos
a border town on the banks of the Euphrates in what is today Syria. Here, during the
town's second and third century Roman period, altars to pagan gods, Jewish
synagogues, and perhaps the earliest Christian church all coexisted.
11. Quick Background
Emperor Constantine, also known as Constantine
the Great, was the Emperor of the Roman Empire
from 306-337 AD
Son of Flavius Valerius Constantus, a roman army
officer who then became the deputy emperor in the
west.
Rose and became military tribune under the
emperor Diocletian and Galerius
12. Became senior western emperor
Then acclaimed emperor by the city Eboracum after
his fathers death
Becomes ruler of the west and east/ emperor after
defeating the emperors Maxenteius and Licinius
13. In the 4th century , Emperor Constantine defeated,
rival, Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge.
Accounts of the battle describe how Constantine
saw a sign in the heavens portending his victory.
Eusebius, Constantine's principal biographer,
describes the sign as the Chi Rho, the first two
letters in the Greek spelling of the name Christos.
After that victory Constantine became the principal
patron of Christianity.
14.
15. In 313 he issued the Edict of Milan which granted
religious toleration
Christians were now free to worship publicly and
create worship spaces
17. Made first for public events: law courts, army drill
halls etc. (Civic Basilicas)
All basilicas had a semicircular wall at the end which
is called an apse
22. Some Basilicas were then converted for the use of
the Christian Church
23. Palace Basilica of
Constantine
Design as an Imperial hall then converted
Became the official seat of the bishop of Rome then
24.
25.
26. Attention was also directed in the fourth century
church to the veneration of spots associated with
Christian martyrs
This type of building is called a martyrium
29. Old St. Peter’s Basilica
It is believed to have built on the site of the burial of
St. Peter, the principal disciple of Christ and the first
Bishop of Rome
The tomb of St. Peter was said to be in the apse of
the church
Created the concept of a cross shape. The axes
allowed for the concentration of attention to be on
the tomb of Peter
30.
31. Basillica of San Clemente,
Rome
One Example of Basillicas that were built on top of
the houses where early Christians worshipped
33. 1) Propylaeum
the entrance building of a
sacred precinct, whether
church or imperial palace.
2) Atrium
in early Christian,
Byzantine, and medieval
architecture, the forecourt
of a church; as a rule
enveloped by four
colonnaded porticoes.
34. 3) Narthex
the entrance hall or porch
proceding the nave of a
church.
4) Nave
the great central space in
a church. In longitudinal
churches, it extends from
the entrance to the apse
(or only to the crossing if
the church has one) and is
usually flanked by side
aisles.
35. 5) Side Aisle
one of the corridors
running parallel to the
nave of a church and
separated from it by an
arcade or colonnade.
6) Crossing
the area in a church where
the transept and the nave
intersect.
36.
37. 7) Transept
in a cruciform church, the
whole arm set at right angles to
the nave. Note that the
transept appears infrequently
in Early Christian churches.
Old St. Peter's is one of the
few example of a basilica with
a transept from this period. The
transept would not become a
standard component of the
Christian church until the
Carolingian period
8) Apse
a recess, sometimes
rectangular but usually
semicircular, in the wall at the
end of a Roman basilica or
Christian church. The apse in
the Roman basilica frequently
contained an image of the
Emperor and was where the
magistrate dispensed laws. In
the Early Christian basilica, the
apses contained the "cathedra"
or throne of the bishop and the
altar.
38. 9) Nave elevation
Term which refers to the
division of the nave wall
into various levels. In the
Early Christian basilica the
nave elevation usually is
composed of a nave
colonnade or arcade and
clerestory.
10) Clerestory
a clear story, i.e. a row of
windows in the upper part
of a wall. In churches, the
clerestory windows above
the roofs of the side aisles
permit direct illumination
of the nave.