History of Architecture 4 Report by: SR DLS -College of St. Benilde School of Architecture 1st Term S.Y. 2016-17 September 2016

1. Architecture in the PH
PREHISPANIC
HISTARC 4

2. Philippine Architecture During the
Pre-Spanish and Spanish Periods
Ar. Norma I. Alarcon

3. Diksiyonaryong Biswal ng
Arkitekturang Filipino
Ar. Rino Fernandez

4. Srivijaya Empire
Majapahit Empire

6. Srivijaya

7. In Sanskrit, śrī means "fortunate", "prosperous", or "happy"
and vijaya means "victorious" or "excellence".

8. Srivijaya (650 –1377)
was a dominant thalassocratic
city-state based on the island of
Sumatra, Indonesia, which
influenced much of Southeast
Asia.
Thalassocracy - is a state with
primarily maritime realms—an
empire at sea, sea-borne empire.

9. Maitreya Buddha
South Sumatran Gending Sriwijaya dance
Chola invation of Sri Vijaya
Traditional clothes
South Sumatra
Aesan Gede

10. Srivijaya

11. Srivijaya
visaya

15. Majapahit

16. Majapahit (1293–1527)
• Majapahit was one of the last
major empires of the region and
is considered to be one of the
greatest and most powerful
empires in the history of
Indonesia and Southeast Asia,
one that is sometimes seen as
the precedent for Indonesia's
modern boundaries.

17. The name Majapahit derives from local Javanese, meaning
"bitter maja“.

18. Wringin Lawang, Trowulan
The houses of commoners had thatched roofs (nipa
palm leaves). Every family has a storage shed made of
bricks, about 3 or 4 Ch'ih (48.9 inches or 124 centimetres)
above the ground, where they kept the family property,
and they lived on top of this building, to sit and sleep.
KRIS

19. Later on, the Javanese Majapahit empire took control over the Srivijaya
and became the leading Buddhist cultural centre from 1292 to 1478 in
Southeast Asia.

20. Samtoy
(Low-land)
Pamgpang
(Shore)
Majapahit Empire
Ilog (River)

21. Travel to the PH for miles will create…
The “FILIPINO CULTURE”
“Racial Memory”

22. Mindanao
MaguindanaoMajapahit Empire
Sultanate of
Butuan

23. Mesolithic
Period
Negrito
People
Neolithic
Period
Malay/Indo
People

25. Architectural Character of Pre-Spanish Period
Structures
• Archaeological records indicated that Filipino villages were
established either near bodies of water or in a swidden or slashed
and burned agricultural environment.

26. Architectural Character of Pre-Spanish Period
Structures
• Accordig to Robert Fox, early Filipinos live along the coasts or rivers
due to the following factors:
1. The daily diet of early Filipinos were mostly food from the sea. Animals like
chicken, pig, or carabaos, were treated more as ritual or festival foods.
2. Their fishing imprelemts provided more yield than those used for hunting.
Hunting was more of a game than a pre-occupation.
3. The water provided a good means of travel since roads did not exist until
the Spanish times.
4. The bodies of water were the major source for bathing, washing and
drinking.

27. In both environments, houses were not built permanently and were
therefore made of light, flexible materials like nipa and bamboo.
Community environment allowed constant communal relocation. The
usual community design had the chieftain’s house at the center and
was usually big to allow community conferences and other ceremonies.
Around the large house were smaller houses of the members of the
community.

28. The following are the common features of the
houses, some of which are still in use;
• STILTS. With plans which where either square, rectangual, or
octagonal, most houses are elevated from the ground to avoid the
dampness during the rainy season or the heat emanating from the
ground during the warm season.
Elevating the house also provided protection from insects, vermin, wild
animal, and floods.
Flooring may be of wood, bamboo rattan, beaten bark or removable
reed mat on wooden floor joists.

30. The following are the common features of the
houses, some of which are still in use;
• POSTS. Structural components like the posts and beams are made of
wood, tree trunks or bamboo. Some parts of the Philippines have a
symbolic purpose for their columns.

31. The following are the common features of the
houses, some of which are still in use;
• WALLS. Walls are made of with wooden panels, tree bark, nipa,
bamboo, sawali, coconut and palm leaves, cogon grass and buri palm
on wooden land bamboo framing.

32. The following are the common features of the
houses, some of which are still in use;
• ROOFING. The roof may be hipped, gabled or pyramidal in form with
wooden or bamboo framing.
Roof design is sometimes influenced by its environment like that of the
Ifugao house which contextualizes with the physical heights of the
Cordillera mountains or that of the Isnegs, known as boat builders, who
build their roof with the form of an inverted boat.

33. Ifugao house

34. Isneg house

35. The following are the common features of the
houses, some of which are still in use;
• STAIRS. The stairs may be a single log with notches as teps or may be
of bamboo frame with split bamboo as steps.
• DOORS. Either sliding or hinged may be of wooden panels, bamboo,
or sawali.
• WINDOWS. Which are rarely provided, are made of wooden panels,
bamboo, buri, nipa, and sawali and may be of the sliding or awning
type.

37. Examples of Ethnic Houses
• Cave – callao cave (formerly tabon cave).

39. Examples of Ethnic Houses
• Lean-to dwelling
• Wind-shield or one-sided lean-to with or without flooring
• Single-pitched roof supported by rafters.

40. Examples of Ethnic Houses
• Tree-house
• Gaddang
• Kalinga
• Manobo
• Mandaya
• Moros
• Negritoes
• Bagobo
• Mandaya
• Bilaan
• Ilongot

41. Manobo tree house

42. Bagobo house

43. FINAL PLATE (PLATE # 2)

45. PLATE # 1
• Bring the following next week:
• Scissors
• Folder/ Any hard paper/ Cardboard
• Glue
• Cutter
• Cutting Mat
• Tsquare
• Triangle

46. PLATE # 1
• 4-5 groups
• Assigned dioramas will be given via email
• To be passed on the day itself

47. Movie
• Suggest a Filipino movie (related to architecture) before next week.

48. Pizza
• P300 1 box mine 

49. Colonial: Earthquake Baroque
Colonial: Non-ecclesiastical
Colonial: American
Colonial: Neo-Classical
Colonial: Art Noveau & Art Deco
Post War PH Architecture
Philippine Architects 20th Century
21st Century PH Architecutre
Heritage Convervation

50. • Topics next week
• Regional pre-Hispanic houses
• Part 1 – Colonial (Earthquake Baroque)

51. See you next week!