The document discusses the differences between active and passive voice in English grammar. It notes that active voice has the subject performing the action, while passive voice has the subject receiving the action. It provides examples of changing sentences from active to passive voice in the simple present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect and future perfect tenses. It also gives sample sentences demonstrating active and passive transformations.

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ENGLISH II PREPARED BY ARAFAT ISLAMSAGAR
Voice
There are two types of voice. They are:
A) Active voice &
B) Passivevoice
Active: A formof forms of a verb in which the subjectis typically the person or
thing performing the action and which can take a direct object (E.g. she loved him
as opposed to the passivefromhe was loved).
Passive: A formof a verb in which the subjectundergoes the action of the verb
(E.g. they were killed as opposed to the active formhe killed them).
In simple:
Active: He slaughters cows.
Passive: Cows areslaughtered by him.
(E.g. in presentsimple= be aux + v.p.p. + object)
Active: He slaughtered cows.
Passive: Cows wereslaughtered by him.
(E.g. in pastsimple= be (past) aux + v.p.p. + object)
Active: He will slaughter cows.
Passive: Cows will be slaughtered by him.
Active: He can slaughter cows.
Passive: He can be slaughtered by him.
(E.g. in futuresimple= will + be + v.p.p. / modal aux + be + v.p.p.)
In continuance:
Active: He is slaughtering cows.
Passive: Cows arebeing slaughtered by him.
(E.g. in presentcontinuance= be aux + being + v.p.p.)

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ENGLISH II PREPARED BY ARAFAT ISLAMSAGAR
Active: He was slaughtering cows.
Passive: Cows werebeing slaughtered by him.
(E.g. in pastcontinuance= be (past) aux + v.p.p.)
Active: He might be slaughtering cows.
Passive: Cows mightbeing slaughtered by him.
(E.g. in futurecontinuance= modals + being + v.p.p.)
In Perfect:
Active: He has slaughtered cows.
Passive: Cows havebeen slaughtered by him.
(E.g. in presentperfect= have/has + been + v.p.p.)
Active: He had slaughtered cows.
Passive: Cows had been slaughtered by him.
(E.g. in pastperfect had + aux + been + v.p.p.)
Active: He will haveslaughtered cows.
Passive: Cows will havebeen slaughtered by him.
(E.g. in futureperfect= modal + have + been + v.p.p.)
Example
1. Active: She did the work at time.
Passive: The work was doneby her at time.
2. Active: The sun sets in the west.
Passive: No passive.
3. Active: Tom and his father built the boat.
Passive: The boat was built by Tom and his father.
4. Active: They will be giving the prize.
Passive: The prizewill be being given to them.

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ENGLISH II PREPARED BY ARAFAT ISLAMSAGAR
5. Active: She can sing a song now.
Passive: A song can be sung by her now.
6. Active: They are starting the process.
Passive: The process is being started by them.
7. Active: I like bananas.
Passive: Bananas are liked by me.
8. Active: She had shifted her furniture fromthere to here.
Passive: Her furniturehad been shifted by her fromthere to here.
9. Active: Isha could be cooking veg. curry.
Passive: Veg. curry could be being cooked by Isha.
10. Active: The teachers will have given exams before this Eid.
Passive: Exams will havebeen given by the teachers before this Eid.
11. Active: France has defeated Belgium in the semi-final.
Passive: Belgium has been defeated by France in semi-final.
12. Active: France may win the FIFA world cup 18.
Passive: The FIFA world cup 18 may be won by France.
13. Active: France is now my favorite.
Passive: No passive.
14. Active: I have a pen.
Passive: A pen is had by me.