abstract for 3D printing

1. Polymers A Review of Vat
Photopolymerization
Technology: Materials,
Applications, Challenges,
and Future Trends of 3D
Printing
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1
3040598
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) has significantly changed the
prototyping process in terms of technology, construction, materials,
and their multiphysical properties. Among the most popular 3D
printing techniques is vat photopolymerization, in which ultraviolet
(UV) light is deployed to form chains between molecules of liquid
light-curable resin, crosslink them, and as a result, solidify the resin.
In this manuscript, three photopolymerization technologies, namely,
stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and
continuous digital light processing (CDLP), are reviewed.
Additionally, the after-cured mechanical properties of light-curable
resin materials are listed, along with a number of case studies
showing their applications in practice.
Polymers FDM 3D Printing of
Polymers Containing
Natural Fillers: A Review
of their Mechanical
Properties
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1
1071094
As biodegradable thermoplastics are more and more penetrating the
market of filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D
printing, fillers in the form of natural fibers are convenient: They
have the clear advantage of reducing cost, yet retaining the filament
biodegradability characteristics. In plastics that are processed
through standard techniques (e.g., extrusion or injection molding),
natural fibers have a mild reinforcing function, improving stiffness
and strength, it is thus interesting to evaluate whether the same
holds true also in the case of FDM produced components. The
results analyzed in this review show that the mechanical properties
of the most common materials, i.e., acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
(ABS) and PLA, do not benefit from biofillers, while other less widely
used polymers, such as the polyolefins, are found to become more
performant. Much research has been devoted to studying the effect
of additive formulation and processing parameters on the
mechanical properties of biofilled 3D printed specimens.

2. Polymers FDM-Based 3D Printing of
Polymer and Associated
Composite: A Review on
Mechanical Properties,
Defects and Treatments
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1
2071529
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the fastest-growing
additive manufacturing methods used in printing fibre-reinforced
composites (FRC). The performances of the resulting printed parts
are limited compared to those by other manufacturing methods due
to their inherent defects. Hence, the effort to develop treatment
methods to overcome these drawbacks has accelerated during the
past few years. The main focus of this study is to review the impact
of those defects on the mechanical performance of FRC and
therefore to discuss the available treatment methods to eliminate or
minimize them in order to enhance the functional properties of the
printed parts. As FRC is a combination of polymer matrix material
and continuous or short reinforcing fibres, this review will
thoroughly discuss both thermoplastic polymers and FRCs printed via
FDM technology, including the effect of printing parameters such as
layer thickness, infill pattern, raster angle and fibre orientation. The
most common defects on printed parts, in particular, the void
formation, surface roughness and poor bonding between fibre and
matrix, are explored. An inclusive discussion on the effectiveness of
chemical, laser, heat and ultrasound treatments to minimize these
drawbacks is provided by this review.

3. Polymers 3D Printing of Fibre-
Reinforced Thermoplastic
Composites Using Fused
Filament Fabrication—A
Review
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1
2102188
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied for the
fabrication of polymer components ranging from prototypes to final
products. An issue, however, is that the resulting 3D printed parts
exhibit inferior mechanical performance to parts fabricated using
conventional polymer processing technologies, such as compression
moulding
microma
chines
3D Printing of Metallic
Microstructured Mould
Using Selective Laser
Melting for Injection
Moulding of Plastic
Microfluidic Devices
https://doi.org/10.3390/mi1009
0595
A new method, a 3D printing technique, in particular, selective laser
melting (SLM), has been used to fabricate moulds for the injection
moulding of thermoplastic microfluidic chips that are suitable for
prototyping and early stage scale-up. The micro metallic patterns are
printed on to a pre-finished substrate to form a microstructured
mould.

4. Polymers Effect of Porosity on
Mechanical Properties of
3D Printed Polymers:
Experiments and
Micromechanical
Modeling Based on X-ray
Computed Tomography
Analysis
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1
1071154
Additive manufacturing (commonly known as 3D printing) is defined
as a family of technologies that deposit and consolidate materials to
create a 3D object as opposed to subtractive manufacturing
methodologies. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most
popular additive manufacturing techniques, has demonstrated
extensive applications in various industries such as medical
prosthetics, automotive, and aeronautics. As a thermal process, FDM
may introduce internal voids and pores into the fabricated
thermoplastics, giving rise to potential reduction on the mechanical
properties.
Applied
Sciences
Current Biomedical
Applications of 3D Printing
and Additive
Manufacturing
https://doi.org/10.3390/app908
1713
Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged over the past four
decades as a cost-effective, on-demand modality for fabrication of
geometrically complex objects. The ability to design and print
virtually any object shape using a diverse array of materials, such as
metals, polymers, ceramics and bioinks, has allowed for the adoption
of this technology for biomedical applications in both research and
clinical settings

5. National
library of
medicine
Measuring and
Establishing the Accuracy
and Reproducibility of 3D
Printed Medical Models
https://doi.org/10.1148%2Frg.2
017160165
Although current 3D printing technology, when optimally used,
enables creation of medical models with accuracies within the range
of clinical imaging spatial resolutions, a thorough understanding of
factors affecting the accuracy and reproducibility of these models
and the techniques used to measure these parameters is required to
ensure appropriate medical practice and establish future guidelines.
Springerl
ink
3D-printing techniques in
a medical setting: a
systematic literature
review
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938
-016-0236-4
3D printing has become more important in recent decades. 3D
printing allows three-dimensional renderings to be realized as
physical objects with the use of a printer. It has revolutionized
prototyping and found applications in many nonmedical fields. In
medicine, the technology has applications in orthopedics, spinal
surgery, maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, and cardiac surgery,
amongst various other disciplines.