Rapid Prototyping is being accepted globally by industries for its potential in saving on process time and cost. Rapid Tooling helps Rapid Prototyping grow beyond its conventional Feel & Fit status to Feel Fit Function status and is increasingly becoming popular. However, potential of rapid prototyping for normal
production run is still not being realized. In that situation Rapid Tooling becomes a viable alternative. The greatest opportunity for rapid tooling implementation is the use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. Further, polymer based direct rapid tooling provide large cost reduction and can also be
readily accessible by industries. With the advances in materials along with the new access and low cost plastic based- AM equipment, direct use Polymer Rapid Tools (PRTs) would be a far more advantageous option in creating injection molds for low and highly flexible production. However, the use of polymer
based direct rapid tooling by industries is curtailed due to the issues with the dimensional stability of the polymer based rapid tooling molds. Apart from dimensional tolerances, there are also issues with the life of these polymer based mold as they wear fast and are also not able to sustain high injection pressures in an Injection molding machine. Another, major problem with the polymer based rapid tooling is the poor thermal conductivity of polymeric materials due to which there is an increase in the cooling time and ultimately leading to decrease in productivity. Therefore, before proposing polymer based rapid tooling as a solution to industries to cut down the product development time and bring down the costs, a thorough study of the issues related to the same is imperative. This paper investigates the dimensional accuracy of striker component produced by ABS mold inserts. For dimensional accuracy a reverse engineering technique3D scanning is used which is compared with CAD file and inspected with COMET plus software. Further, the outputs are validated with vernier caliper. The mold insert is manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology which is used on injection molding machine
A Design and Analysis of Two Plate Injection Mould Tool For Wi-Fi RouterTherm...EditorJST
This A Wi-Fi router is a device that performs the function of a wireless access point, it is used to provide
access to the internet or a private computer. It is the hardware device that provide basic infrastructure for a home
or small office network.Proposed to make a single impression semi-automatic family mould to design top and
bottom cover for Wi-Fi router to make it more aesthetic, to reduce material cost, better heat dissipation, and to
reduce the tooling cost, to make the product more competitive in the market.It is proposed select the suitable plastic
material, to modify the existing plastic product design and to develop a suitable two plate family mould of one
impression each using SIEMENS NX software. It is also proposed to make detailing of mould parts and its assembly
for manufacturing using SIEMENS NX software. The analysis was done in AUTODESK MOLDFLOW. The mould
cost, raw material cost and processing cost per component are to be estimated to find the cost per component and to
compare it with the existing component part.
Integrating parametric design with robotic additive manufacturing for 3D clay...Antonio Arcadu
ABSTRACT This paper presents an ongoing work in relation to the development of a parametric design algorithm and an automated system for additive manufacturing that aims to be implemented in 3D clay printing tasks. The purpose of this experimental study is to establish a first insight and provide information as well as guidelines for a comprehensive and robust additive manufacturing methodology that can be implemented in the area of 3D clay printing, aiming to be widely available and open for use in the relevant construction industry. Specifically, this paper emphasizes on the installation of an industrial extruder for 3D clay printing mounted on a robot, on toolpath planning process using a parametric design environment and on robotic execution of selected case studies. Based on existing 3D printing technology principles and on available rapid prototyping mechanisms, this process suggests an algorithm for system’s control as well as for robotic toolpath development applied in additive manufacturing of small to medium objects. The algorithm is developed in a parametric associative environment allowing its flexible use and execution in a number of case studies, aiming to tentatively test the effectiveness of the suggested robotic additive manufacturing workflow and their future implementation in large scale examples.
Autors: O. Kontovourkisa and G. Tryfonos
Metal Additive Manufacturing - Basics Zero to One - June 2018bMatthew Burris
A brief on metal additive manufacturing. Covering the hype, realities, industry growth, where companies have found value with metal additive manufacturing, the value levers of metal additive manufacturing with case studies, and considerations of adopting metal additive manufacturing.
Through the development of 3D printing Services, we have only seen an increment in the number of companies that have adopted this technology. The applications and use cases fluctuate across industries, yet comprehensively incorporate tooling aids, visual and functional prototypes — and even end parts.
www.makenica.com
On July 10th Innovate UK and the KTN held a business innovation day to showcase 30 of the Innovate UK projects that are currently active in the area of Additive Manufacturing. The presentations and pitches made on the day are now available to download. Topic 3 focuses on Post Processing
A Design and Analysis of Two Plate Injection Mould Tool For Wi-Fi RouterTherm...EditorJST
This A Wi-Fi router is a device that performs the function of a wireless access point, it is used to provide
access to the internet or a private computer. It is the hardware device that provide basic infrastructure for a home
or small office network.Proposed to make a single impression semi-automatic family mould to design top and
bottom cover for Wi-Fi router to make it more aesthetic, to reduce material cost, better heat dissipation, and to
reduce the tooling cost, to make the product more competitive in the market.It is proposed select the suitable plastic
material, to modify the existing plastic product design and to develop a suitable two plate family mould of one
impression each using SIEMENS NX software. It is also proposed to make detailing of mould parts and its assembly
for manufacturing using SIEMENS NX software. The analysis was done in AUTODESK MOLDFLOW. The mould
cost, raw material cost and processing cost per component are to be estimated to find the cost per component and to
compare it with the existing component part.
Integrating parametric design with robotic additive manufacturing for 3D clay...Antonio Arcadu
ABSTRACT This paper presents an ongoing work in relation to the development of a parametric design algorithm and an automated system for additive manufacturing that aims to be implemented in 3D clay printing tasks. The purpose of this experimental study is to establish a first insight and provide information as well as guidelines for a comprehensive and robust additive manufacturing methodology that can be implemented in the area of 3D clay printing, aiming to be widely available and open for use in the relevant construction industry. Specifically, this paper emphasizes on the installation of an industrial extruder for 3D clay printing mounted on a robot, on toolpath planning process using a parametric design environment and on robotic execution of selected case studies. Based on existing 3D printing technology principles and on available rapid prototyping mechanisms, this process suggests an algorithm for system’s control as well as for robotic toolpath development applied in additive manufacturing of small to medium objects. The algorithm is developed in a parametric associative environment allowing its flexible use and execution in a number of case studies, aiming to tentatively test the effectiveness of the suggested robotic additive manufacturing workflow and their future implementation in large scale examples.
Autors: O. Kontovourkisa and G. Tryfonos
Metal Additive Manufacturing - Basics Zero to One - June 2018bMatthew Burris
A brief on metal additive manufacturing. Covering the hype, realities, industry growth, where companies have found value with metal additive manufacturing, the value levers of metal additive manufacturing with case studies, and considerations of adopting metal additive manufacturing.
Through the development of 3D printing Services, we have only seen an increment in the number of companies that have adopted this technology. The applications and use cases fluctuate across industries, yet comprehensively incorporate tooling aids, visual and functional prototypes — and even end parts.
www.makenica.com
On July 10th Innovate UK and the KTN held a business innovation day to showcase 30 of the Innovate UK projects that are currently active in the area of Additive Manufacturing. The presentations and pitches made on the day are now available to download. Topic 3 focuses on Post Processing
Rapid Product Development | Rapid Prototyping
Overview
Concept
Goals of Rapid Product Development
Virtual Prototyping and Testing Technology
Physical Prototyping and Rapid Manufacturing Technologies
Synergic Integration Technologies
Advantages of Rapid Product Development
Disadvantages of Rapid Product Development
References
Additive manufacturing (AM) or additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is the industrial production name for 3D printing, a computer controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by depositing materials, usually in layers.
AM is a rapidly growing field that is having an impact on multiple industries by simplifying the process to go from a 3D model to a finished product.
In contrast to conventional manufacturing processes, AM fabricates objects by adding materials as required which eliminates the necessity of subtracting materials (by means of machining, milling, carving, etc.) to obtain desired shapes.
AM can advantageously fabricate complex geometries with no part-specific tooling and much less waste material.
In the construction sector, architectural models have been created with AM methods for more than a decade.
Recent years have seen a vast increase in research on printing methods for building components.
AM allows building companies to produce geometrically complex structures, to vary materials within a component according to its functions, and to automate the construction process starting from a digital model.
The technology can bring significant benefits to the construction industry in terms of increased customization, reduced construction time, reduced manpower, and construction cost.
Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is maturing rapidly as a viable solution of make optimized parts for “real engineering” applications. The freedom of design that is achievable using AM process is un parallel in terms of reducing structural weight, reducing material cost, generating complex shapes and connections and introducing directional properties in a component. However, understanding of AM process and utilizing process parameters to optimize a design comes with many challenges. Currently, one of the emphasize is to use physics based realistic simulation to replicate the AM process numerically and relate process parameters to the concept of functional generative design that relates design with manufacturing process.
Current work, through a typical build example, discusses an integrated numerical solution on a digital platform that involves the following.
Generative Design involving topology optimization that creates parts in context of the manufacturing process and automatically generate variants of conceptual and detailed organic shapes that helps make informed business decisions based on physics-based analytic tools. Process planning that defines and customizes manufacturing environment including nesting parts automatically on the build tray, designing and generating optimal support structures, and creating machine specific slicing and scan path which is ready for print. Process simulation that automatically includes machine inputs for energy, material and supports into the simulation at layer, part and build levels for any additive manufacturing process and accurately predicts part distortions, residual stresses and as-built material behavior. Finally, the platform involves post processing to perform shape optimization where simulation is used to guide support-structure strategy for enhanced build yield, compensate distortion effects without the need to redesign the product tooling, produce high-quality morphed surface geometry with unchanged topology, and perform final in-service performance validations of manufactured part.
3D printing market - a global study (2014-2022)BIS Research
The report presents a detailed market analysis of 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing by incorporating complete pricing and cost analysis of 3D printers and materials. Besides porter’s and PESTLE analysis of the market have also been done. The report deals with all the driving factors, restraints, and opportunities with respect to the 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing market, which are helpful in identifying trends and key success factors for the industry.
Lastly, the current market landscape is covered with detailed competitive landscape and company profiles of all key players across the ecosystem. The report also formulates the entire value chain of the market, along with industry trends of 3D printing application industries and materials used with emphasis on market timelines & technology road-maps
SILENT REVOLUTION - 3D PRINTING IN MANUFACTURINGAnselm Magel
The 3d printing revolution is here to stay! Still seen as a limited technology in relation to overall production volume, we predict that 3D printing is gaining a firm place as an engineering and production method and will change established forms of organization and process. Also, adopters need to harness an innovation based approach to reap efficiency and design benefits.
Rapid Product Development | Rapid Prototyping
Overview
Concept
Goals of Rapid Product Development
Virtual Prototyping and Testing Technology
Physical Prototyping and Rapid Manufacturing Technologies
Synergic Integration Technologies
Advantages of Rapid Product Development
Disadvantages of Rapid Product Development
References
Additive manufacturing (AM) or additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is the industrial production name for 3D printing, a computer controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by depositing materials, usually in layers.
AM is a rapidly growing field that is having an impact on multiple industries by simplifying the process to go from a 3D model to a finished product.
In contrast to conventional manufacturing processes, AM fabricates objects by adding materials as required which eliminates the necessity of subtracting materials (by means of machining, milling, carving, etc.) to obtain desired shapes.
AM can advantageously fabricate complex geometries with no part-specific tooling and much less waste material.
In the construction sector, architectural models have been created with AM methods for more than a decade.
Recent years have seen a vast increase in research on printing methods for building components.
AM allows building companies to produce geometrically complex structures, to vary materials within a component according to its functions, and to automate the construction process starting from a digital model.
The technology can bring significant benefits to the construction industry in terms of increased customization, reduced construction time, reduced manpower, and construction cost.
Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing is maturing rapidly as a viable solution of make optimized parts for “real engineering” applications. The freedom of design that is achievable using AM process is un parallel in terms of reducing structural weight, reducing material cost, generating complex shapes and connections and introducing directional properties in a component. However, understanding of AM process and utilizing process parameters to optimize a design comes with many challenges. Currently, one of the emphasize is to use physics based realistic simulation to replicate the AM process numerically and relate process parameters to the concept of functional generative design that relates design with manufacturing process.
Current work, through a typical build example, discusses an integrated numerical solution on a digital platform that involves the following.
Generative Design involving topology optimization that creates parts in context of the manufacturing process and automatically generate variants of conceptual and detailed organic shapes that helps make informed business decisions based on physics-based analytic tools. Process planning that defines and customizes manufacturing environment including nesting parts automatically on the build tray, designing and generating optimal support structures, and creating machine specific slicing and scan path which is ready for print. Process simulation that automatically includes machine inputs for energy, material and supports into the simulation at layer, part and build levels for any additive manufacturing process and accurately predicts part distortions, residual stresses and as-built material behavior. Finally, the platform involves post processing to perform shape optimization where simulation is used to guide support-structure strategy for enhanced build yield, compensate distortion effects without the need to redesign the product tooling, produce high-quality morphed surface geometry with unchanged topology, and perform final in-service performance validations of manufactured part.
3D printing market - a global study (2014-2022)BIS Research
The report presents a detailed market analysis of 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing by incorporating complete pricing and cost analysis of 3D printers and materials. Besides porter’s and PESTLE analysis of the market have also been done. The report deals with all the driving factors, restraints, and opportunities with respect to the 3D printing and Additive Manufacturing market, which are helpful in identifying trends and key success factors for the industry.
Lastly, the current market landscape is covered with detailed competitive landscape and company profiles of all key players across the ecosystem. The report also formulates the entire value chain of the market, along with industry trends of 3D printing application industries and materials used with emphasis on market timelines & technology road-maps
SILENT REVOLUTION - 3D PRINTING IN MANUFACTURINGAnselm Magel
The 3d printing revolution is here to stay! Still seen as a limited technology in relation to overall production volume, we predict that 3D printing is gaining a firm place as an engineering and production method and will change established forms of organization and process. Also, adopters need to harness an innovation based approach to reap efficiency and design benefits.
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing technologySTAY CURIOUS
Additive manufacturing 3D Printing
3D printing is the process of building an object one thin layer at a time. It is fundamentally additive rather than subtractive in nature. To many, 3D printing is the singular production of often-ornate objects on a desktop printer.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Effect of Process Parameters on the Total Heat Damaged Zone (HDZ) during Micr...IJAMSE Journal
In micro electrical discharge machining, three subsurface layersare formed on the workpiece, they are; recast zone, heat affected zone and converted zone, primarily due to heating-quenching cycles. The HDZ in micro-EDM is characterized by cracks and weakness in the grain boundary and thermal residual stresses. This paper presents the effect of process parameters on the HDZ in micro-EDM of plastic mold steel 1.2738. As the energy of the sparks increases, the thickness of the HDZ increases and the average coefficient of correlation between energy and HDZ considering three different sections of the zone is 0.8099. Therefore, the effect of process parameters governing the discharge energy are analyzed; they are: average current (Ia), peak current (Ip) and pulse ‘on-time’ (Ton). An overall increase in heat-damaged zone thickness by 105% is observed with an increase in pulse on time.
The Elevated Temperature Deformation of G115 Steel and the Associated Deforma...IJAMSE Journal
The next Generation-IV reactors need to be stand for a very high temperature. Structural materials have to resist that temperature; otherwise, damages could appear. G115 steel is a candidate structural material which has been considered in this work. The hot deformation behavior of G115 steel was carried out at elevated temperatures 500, 550 and 600°C with different strain rates ranging from 1x10-5 to 1x10-3 s-1. To derive the hot deformation constitutive equation, the universal hyperbolic-sine Arrhenius-type equation was utilized considering the ultimate stresses values for each condition. As a result, the activation energy of G115, which will assess the high-temperature deformation mechanism, was obtained to be 331 KJ/mol.
Electrospun Nanofibers Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites, A Trial to Imp...IJAMSE Journal
A comparison between TiO2 nanofibers and carbon nanofibers as fibers reinforced metal matrix composites with respect to mechanical properties improvements have been made in this paper. Al and Mg have been chosen as metal matrices. The used carbon and ceramic nanofibers (Titanium Oxide) were successfully synthesized using electrospinning technique. Various weight percentage of calcined
electrospun TiO2 and carbon nanofibers (1, 3, 5 and 10%) were mixed with metal matrix and fabricated by route of powder metallurgy using High Frequency Induction heat Sintering (HFIHS). Mechanical properties of the sintered composites have been investigated. The manufactured pellets were tested for compression test, hardness and microstructures by the field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEM), which reveals the homogeneous distribution of nanofibers in the Al/Mg matrices. In addition,
energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to obtain the chemical analysis of each composite. The result shows that, the ultimate compressive strength increased to 415 MPa at 5% TiO2, which is 13.5% more than the pure Al. The hardness increased up to 64% in case of using the ceramic nanofibers as reinforcement. While using CNFs as reinforcement to the Al matrix deteriorates the
mechanical properties.
PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LOSS ON HYBRID MUFFLER BY USING ROCK WOOL AND GLA...IJAMSE Journal
Muffler is categorized in two broad manners as absorptive muffler and reactive muffler. A Muffler
(silencer) is an important noise control element for reduction of machinery exhaust noise, fan noise, and
other noise sources involving the flow of gases. Reactive mufflers which reduce noise by reflecting sound
energy back to its source, and absorption mufflers, which absorb sound due to the energy dissipated in the
sound-absorbing material. The attenuation levels of these types of muffler are dependent on the frequency
of the noise source. Investigations on absorption mufflers have indicated that these have fairly good noise
attenuation over a relatively wide frequency band. The combination of both reactive and absorptive muffler
is termed as hybrid muffler. Hybrid muffler design may be expected to provide broadband high noise
attenuation and low pressure drop. Experimental Two load setup and Wave 1-D is used to predict the
transmission loss of hybrid muffler. Hybrid muffler generally includes the number of perforated tubes,
number of perforated baffles with absorptive materials like asbestos, rock wool, bensoil, powertex &
advantex etc. Transmission loss measurement using hybrid muffler is discussed in this paper. Various
sound absorption materials that are currently used for noise reduction are used. This paper shows the
acoustic performance of packed dissipative muffler with the variation in packing density of absorptive
material. Here easy available absorptive materials glass fiber & rock wool is used with same space. This
study is performed by taking four designs to observe the transmission loss performance by applying
different absorptive materials with different packing density.
ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE FIELD IN A COMPOSITE FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL PLA...IJAMSE Journal
A finite element model is constructed to analyze the effects of steady state temperature field on FGM layer
thickness. The first-order shear deformation model is exploited to investigate the uncoupled thermal
behavior of functionally graded plates in Abacus environment. The continuum is divided into 540 elements
and 541 nodes using two node linear elements. The results show that the temperature distribution in the
composite plate is more reasonable with increase in the thickness of FGM layer. The comparison with the
non-graded two layered composite plate, the temperature field of the Zirconia/FGM/Aluminum three
layered composite plate is in the form of a curve but in case of non-graded two layered composite plate the
temperature field is in the form of inclined straight line with sharp bend at the interface of metal and
ceramic phase.
ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FPGA CONTROL OF ASYMMETRIC MULTILEVEL INVERTER...IJAMSE Journal
This paper presents an Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter (AMLI) with reduced number of switches for fuel
cells and suitable for high voltage and high power applications. Among the several types of multilevel
inverter, AMLI is a suitable choice to generate the higher number of output voltage levels with fewer
switches and sources. A novel hybrid modulation strategy based on Variable Amplitude Phase Opposition
and Disposition (VAPOD) is implemented using FPGA for AMLI which is powered by Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The operation of the proposed AMLI is verified with simulation and
experimental results.
STUDY ON THE ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING EFFICIENCIES OF THE CADMIUM TELLURIDE ...IJAMSE Journal
The optical properties of cadmium telluride nanowires have been simulated using the Mie scattering
coefficients. It is seen that the absorption efficiency shows multiple peaks along the spectrum due to leaky
mode resonance. The nanowires showed strong polarization dependence in smaller radius. Higher angle of
incidence showed a suppressing effect on lower valued peaks on absorption efficiency. Scattering efficiency
showed peaks at visible spectrum from 30nm to 100nm. Transverse magnetic wave showed a more
pronounced effect in scattering than transverse electric wave.
EVALUATION OF MAJORITY CHARGE CARRIER AND IMPURITY CONCENTRATION USING HOT PR...IJAMSE Journal
Temperature dependent majority charge carrier concentration and impurity concentration calculations
done for p-type commercial (100) silicon wafer of thickness 200 µm where the wafer is heated by hot probe
set up. By solving basic conductivity equation of semiconductor and Continuity & Poisson’s equation
thermally generated carrier ∆p and Q are found respectively for the same temperature range 50°C-80°C
with an interval of 10°C. For lower temperature ∆p and Q values are not exactly same but for higher
temperature those values agree with conventional measurement.
SINGLE CRYSTAL MAGNESIUM LITHIUM ALLOY ELASTIC CONSTANTSIJAMSE Journal
Knowledge of elastic characteristics of the structural materials such as elastic modules, allows to develop
constructions that resulting deformation are foreseeable and not excessive in terms of plastic deformation,
accelerated fatigue or even fracture. In this paper we investigate the elastic properties of the binary alloy
Mg-5% Li (mass.). For measuring of single crystal elastic constants of alloy is needed to have the crystal of
relatively large size. For the alloy this is connected with the technical difficulties. In this paper we propose
to determine the elastic constants of single crystals of alloy magnesium-lithium using the experimental
anisotropy of Young's modulus and integral characteristics of texture (ICT), which can be found from the
pole figure {0002}. We have calculated the anisotropy of Young's modulus alloy sheet Mg5% Li using
found magnesium-lithium single crystal constants. Deviation of calculated values from experimental did not
exceed 5% that is not bad result.
Temperature, acceptor concentration and donor concentration dependency of ele...IJAMSE Journal
Mobility is an important factor to determine the speed of an electronic device. Devices composed of electronic materials with higher mobility are able to achieve higher speed. It is therefore favourable to maximize the mobility. In this paper, we have chosen GaN and GaP as semiconductor material and Low-field electron mobility has been calculated in bulk and wurzite phase GaN and GaP. The dependency of mobility upon temperature is shown. Beside this, dependency of mobility upon acceptor concentration and donor concentration are also shown.
Application of fuzzy logic reasoning model for determining adhesive strength ...IJAMSE Journal
This paper shows a elaborates new methodology for calculating Adhesive Strength of thin film coating
using approximate fuzzy reasoning. This approach mainly focuses on nano and micro thin films for evaluating adhesion strength. The influence of various coating parameters(Critical force, loading rate,Displacement rate, Coefficient of friction, Tip radius and Tip wear) on quality of adhesion strength isconsidered. is used Modeling and Simulation is done with the help of fuzzy logic toolbox and results are shown.
Performance analysis of cntfet and mosfet focusing channel length, carrier mo...IJAMSE Journal
Enhancement of switching in nanoelectronics, Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) could be utilized in nanoscaled Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). In this review, we present an in depth discussion of performances Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) and its significance in nanoelectronic circuitry in comparison with Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor(MOSFET). At first, we have discussed the structural unit of Carbon Nanotube and characteristic electrical behaviors beteween CNTFET and MOSFET. Short channel effect and effects of scattering and electric field on mobility of CNTFET and MOSFET have also been discussed. Besides, the nature of ballistic transport
and profound impact of gate capacitance along with dielectric constant on transconductance have also
have been overviewed. Electron ballistic transport would be the key in short channel regime for high speed
switching devices. Finally, a comparative study on the characteristics of contact resistance over switching
capacity between CNTFET and MOSFET has been addressed.
Effects of Different Parameters in Enhancing the Efficiency of Plasmonic Thin...IJAMSE Journal
Efficiency of thin film solar cells are less comparing to thick film solar cells which can be enhanced by utilizing the metal nanoparticles near their localized Plasmon resonance. In this paper, we have reviewed the Plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles and its application in solar cell technology. Beside this, we have also reviewed about different parameters which dominate the nanoparticles to increase optical absorption. Thus a cost-effective model has been proposed.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*
FDM Modeled Polymer Tooling for Plastic Injection Molding
1. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
DOI:10.14810/ijamse.2018.7102 9
FDM MODELED POLYMER TOOLING FOR
PLASTIC INJECTION MOLDING
Sagar Kumar and Amit Kumar Singh
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur
ABSTRACT
Rapid Prototyping is being accepted globally by industries for its potential in saving on process time and
cost. Rapid Tooling helps Rapid Prototyping grow beyond its conventional Feel & Fit status to Feel Fit
Function status and is increasingly becoming popular. However, potential of rapid prototyping for normal
production run is still not being realized. In that situation Rapid Tooling becomes a viable alternative. The
greatest opportunity for rapid tooling implementation is the use of Additive Manufacturing (AM)
technology. Further, polymer based direct rapid tooling provide large cost reduction and can also be
readily accessible by industries. With the advances in materials along with the new access and low cost
plastic based- AM equipment, direct use Polymer Rapid Tools (PRTs) would be a far more advantageous
option in creating injection molds for low and highly flexible production. However, the use of polymer
based direct rapid tooling by industries is curtailed due to the issues with the dimensional stability of the
polymer based rapid tooling molds. Apart from dimensional tolerances, there are also issues with the life of
these polymer based mold as they wear fast and are also not able to sustain high injection pressures in an
Injection molding machine. Another, major problem with the polymer based rapid tooling is the poor
thermal conductivity of polymeric materials due to which there is an increase in the cooling time and
ultimately leading to decrease in productivity. Therefore, before proposing polymer based rapid tooling as
a solution to industries to cut down the product development time and bring down the costs, a thorough
study of the issues related to the same is imperative. This paper investigates the dimensional accuracy of
striker component produced by ABS mold inserts. For dimensional accuracy a reverse engineering
technique3D scanning is used which is compared with CAD file and inspected with COMET plus software.
Further, the outputs are validated with vernier caliper. The mold insert is manufactured by Fused
Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology which is used on injection molding machine
KEYWORDS
Fused deposition molding, Hand Injection molding, Rapid tooling and Reverse engineering
1. INTRODUCTION
With short production cycles, excellent surfaces of the products, tight tolerance complete
automation capability and facile molding of complex part geometry,Injection molding(IM) is
crowned as the most popular molding process for manufacturing thermoplastic parts. However
IM requires complex and costly tooling and it is almost uneconomical to plan a short production
2. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
10
run. Hence IM personals are confronted when a one–off production or trial run for product
development are warranted[1].
The proliferation of rapid Prototyping (RP) tends to rope in IM tool design and development
simplified. RP in late eighties began with rapid generation of prototypes for feel and fit purposes.
Today, Rapid prototyping(RP) has emerged as a third industrial revolution reengineering the
entire manufacturing transforming the way in which products and systems are designed and
manufactured asa fascinating area of study called rapid manufacturing (RM)covering >50% of the
additive manufacturing (AM) output figure1. This is affected through emergence of a new field
of science called Rapid Tooling (RT).RT is being expanded asSoft Tooling, Hard Tooling, Direct
Tooling, and Indirect Tooling and is the link between RP and RM.
Figure1. Applications of additive manufacturing[2]
Today, RP technology is slowly being recognized as a class of commercially viable production
techniquescharacterized by significantly low tooling cost and lead time[2]. The revenues from
the production of parts for final products represents 34.7% of the entire market for additive
manufacturing (AM) to reach the $1 billion mark.Wohler’s represented in figure 2.
Figure2.Revenues from the production of parts for final products[3]
3. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
11
AM has a host of technologies(FDM/SLA/SLS/3D printing/poly jet) employing different types
of feed materials like solids(filaments),liquids( resins),powders but majority employ polymer
based feed stock hence the thermal resistance and fatigue strength are always a concern when it
was employed to endure extreme conditions of stress and temperature entailed in tooling.
However as per the sporadic information available in the literature; the development of SLA
based IMtooling were seen attempted[4-7]however no commercialization has yet been
reported.Metal based AMs are the best but are unaffordable. FDM with its conventional ABS and
poor part density it is being ruled out for IM tooling project. One promising option is FDM based
Polyjettechnologywhich employs digital ABS,rubber like elastopolymers etc. This paper
investigates the development of IM tooling through Polyjettechnology
2. METHODOLOGY
Polyjet technology is a variant of FDM technology licensed to Stratasys. Stratasys Objet series of
RP machines employ this methodology [8]. These machines manifest extreme level of surface
finish (Ra 3) and partdefinition with improved density, physical properties etc.
Before manufacturing of mold inserts of part component on 3D Polyjet it is created on 3D
modeling software Creo-3.0 according to theirdimension as shown in Figure 3.
Figure3.Designed geometry with dimension of striker mold
2.1 POLY JET WORKING PRINCIPLE
Poly-Jet Modeling is an additive manufacturing technique with a selectively ink jetting of UV-
curable photopolymer resin as shown in Figure4. First, the photopolymer is jetted onto the
buildupplatform by the printing head. Simultaneously the photopolymer drops are leveled by a
roller and solidified by a UV-light. Subsequently the platform is lowered. Like this, a part is
generated layer by layer
4. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
12
Figure4. Polyjet 3D printer for printing core and cavity of Digital ABS mold [8]
Table1. Parameters of Ployjet 3D printer Component/mold
Type Stratasys Object 350 connex
Matterial Digital ABS
Bed Temperature 350
C
Chamber Temperature 350
C
Layer Thickness 0.032mm
Digital ABS is suitable for simulating parts that require high impact resistance and shock
absorption with its impact resistance of 65-80 J/m and a heat deflection temperature of 58-68˚C
(136-154˚F).It is high temperature material synthesizes heat resistance with unprecedented
dimensional stability.
5. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
13
Figure 5. 3D printed core and cavity of striker
The material can simulate the thermal performance of engineering plastics and is ideal for testing
applications such as hot polymer flow in mold insert cavity.
3. HAND INJECTION MOULDING MACHINE
Thermoplastic or thermoset is heated to plastic ate in cylinder at controlled temperaturethen
forced under pressure through a nozzle into sprue, runner, gates and cavities of mould. The resin
undergoes solidification rapidly.Aftersolidification of molten material mould is opened and the
part gets eject. Injection moulding is growing in the making of glass-reinforced parts.The mold
forms, shapes and cools the plastic material into the required product shape[9-10]. The
temperature setting for the PP injection is based on the MP of the PP (164°
C) it was advisable to
set a temperature 180°C to start with the experiment. The PP beads were heated in the barrel to
test the melting and oozing out of the liquid plastic threads the nozzle by manually pressuring
through the plunger. The molding was uniformed hence the temperature was gradually increased
in steps from 190, 200 and 210° C.
6. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
14
Figure6.Hand Injection Molding (HIM) Machine Set with mold for trial runs
It was observed that the mold was getting damaged at the injection point due to applied pressure
(at the plunger runner contact area).
Figure7. Damaged mold at the injection point
7. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
15
Always it needs to avoid the direct machine nozzle contact to printed tool.Here a metals (MS)
plate is used to solve the problem by minimizing temperature and pressure intensity at the
injection point and converted point load to uniformly distributed load.
Figure8. Metals (MS) plate is used to solve the problem by minimizing temperature and pressure intensity
at the injection point
Figure9.Progressive stages of the component made in the trial runs
During the run time whenever the mold got over heated the component got sticky and gummy and
did not form well. It needs to be probed. Designing of proper Cooling channels may be a solution.
8. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
16
Figure 10.Quality part (sticker) production in the HIM process
The next figure shows the damage and non- formation of the part due to high temperature 200˚C
and above. The part non-formation during the run was not possible to run the mold
continuously.It was found the temperature 190o
Cwas good to get excellent mouldings.The
product coming from the nozzle temperature controlling from 170 to 190 ˚C is acceptable.
Figure11. Part sticks to the mold cavity
It was found at temperature above 200o
C the part formed were rejected. This was applicable even
at low temperature injection after a brief run of 5 shots. This was due to mold getting over heated
due to dull dissipation of heat from the mould cavity
4. 3D SCANNER
It is a device that captures the features of the physical object using lasers, lights or x-rays and
generates dense point clouds or polygon meshes.Before scanning a striker mold part is placed on
the table. The physical object can be digitized using contact 3D scanning technologies like
9. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
17
Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) or noncontact 3D scanning technologies like laser
scanners, structured light digitizers, etc. [11].
The point cloud of a manufactured part will be aligned to a CADmodel and compared to check
for differences after inspection [12, 13].
The part quality- The part production procedure was established in the HIM machine and the
reading on dimensional accuracy of the part are shown in figure 12.
Figure12. Inspection result using 3D scanner integrated with COMET plus and Inspect Plus.
10. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
18
Figure13. 3D scanner for inspection of part component
Figure14. Inspection results of component
Table2. Dimension of measured part using 3D scanner
Dimensions Nominal Mold Part
Diameter 30 29.628 29.54
Thickness 3 2.920 2.98
The Digital Caliper is a precision instrument that can be used to measure internal and external
distances extremely accurately. The example shown below is a digital caliper as the distances /
measurements, are read from a LCD display. The display is turned on with the on/off button. The
external jaws should then be brought together until they touch and the zero buttons should be
pressed. The digital caliper can then be used to measure distances. Always go through this
procedure when turning on the display for the first time.
11. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
19
Figure15. Digital Vernier caliper
The material to be measured is placed between the external jaws and they are carefully brought
together. The locking screw is tightened so that the jaws do not move apart. The digital display
can then be read. The distance can be read by in metric and imperial by pressing the inch/mm
button.
Table3.Dimensional results using Vernier caliper
Sl no Thickness Diameter
1 2.9 29.31
2 2.98 29.54
3 2.95 29.36
4 2.95 29.41
5 2.93 29.29
6 2.89 28.9
7 2.89 29.32
8 2.96 29.15
9 3.02 29.26
10 2.96 29.20
Average 2.943 29.274
5. CONCLUSION
The injection molding is an intensive mass production process hardly amenable to product
developmental short run trials. In the fast changing product style and customer taste the plastic
industries are felt the paradox of prototyping and mass production increasingly. Hence it’s a
global need to introduce new Time Compression Technologies (CTC) to manufacturer
prototyping molds economically.
Polyjet based additive manufacturing (AM) is potential and promising CTC technology to
prototype injection molds for typical short runs.
12. International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.7, No.1, January 2018
20
Polyjet CTC is going to be a viable answer to the long standing prototyping issues in the polymer
injection molding industries. As compared with measure dimension through vernier caliper the
scanned part of striker cavity is almost similar.
REFERENCE
[1.] LouayElsoufi, Khaled Khalil, Willy Charon, Remy Lachat (2015)Influence of the Thermoplastic type
on the Thermal Evolution of a Piezoceramic Patch during the Manufacture of a Smart Thermoplastic
Part by Injection Molding Process.
[2.] Wohlers Report 2014 – 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing State of the Industry, Annual 665
Worldwide Progress Report, Wohlers Associates, 2014.
[3.] Wohlersassociates.com, Production of Parts for Final Products is Now 34.7% of the Market for
Additive Manufacturing
[4.] Jose Carvalho Ferreira, Eduardo Santos, Hugo Madureira and Joao Castro (2015) Portugal,
Integration of VP/RP/RT/RE/RM for rapid product and process development.
[5.] KhurramAltaf, Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani and Vijay R. Raghavan (2015)Malaysia Prototype
production and experimental analysis for circular and profiled conformal cooling channels in
aluminium filled epoxy injection mould tools
[6.] B. Vaupotic, M. Brezocnik, J. Balic (2006) Use of PolyJet technology in manufacture of new product.
[7.] J. Kechagias, P. Stavropoulos, A. Koutsomichalis, I. Ntintakis and N. Vaxevanidis Dimensional
Accuracy Optimization of Prototypes produced by PolyJet Direct 3D Printing Technology
[8.] www.stratasys.com
[9.] SeyedFaridSeyedShirazi, Samira Gharehkhani, Mehdi Mehrali,HoomanYarmand, Hendrik Simon
CornelisMetselaar, NahrizulAdibKadri and Noor Azuan Abu Osman (2015) Malaysia, A review on
powder-based additive manufacturing for tissue engineering: selective laser sintering and inkjet 3D
printing
[10.] C. E. Folgar, L. N. Folgar, and D. Cormier Multifunctional material direct printing for laser sintering
systems.
[11.] Carmen GabrielaBacila, Zoltan-Gabor BAKI-HARI (Romania)The rapid tooling in the product
development
[12.] Sivadasan M, N K Singh, A K Sood,”Use of FDM in Investment Casting and risk of using SLS
process” Intl.J.of Applied Research in Mechanical Engg ( IJARME) ISSN No. 2231 –5950, Vol2
Issue-1(2012) pp 1-5.
[13.] Liu, G.H., Y.S. Wong, Y.F. Zhang and H.T. Loh, 2003. Error based segmentation of cloud data for
direct rapid prototyping.