2. Dos in Paraphrasing
•Rephrase each sentence, one after the other
•Simplify sentence structures
•Change sentence structures
•(passive active, direct sp. reported sp.)
•Use synonyms
•Change parts of speech (noun verb, noun adj.,
adj verb)
•Change conjunctions
3. Don’ts in Paraphrasing
• Include minor points, repetitions, examples,
quotations, figures of speech and illustrations
• Include your opinion
• Change technical terms
• Change meaning of the original text
• Omit author’s essential ideas
4.
5.
6. Example 1
• Original sentence
The state prison has maximum security for
incarcerating murderers.
• Paraphrased sentence
The state prison has the tightest safety measures
for imprisoning murderers.
• Synonyms
maximum tightest
security safety measures
incarcerating imprisoning
7. Example 2
• Original sentence
This is the suspect who was looked for assiduously
by the police officer.
• Paraphrased sentence
This is the suspect whom the police officer had
looked for diligently.
• Passive active
Synonym (assiduously diligently)
8. Example 3
• Original sentence
Nora, Joanna and Sumitra argued vociferously that the
priced item should be handed over to the museum.
• Paraphrased sentence
Nora, Joanna as well as Sumitra argued determinedly
that the valuable item should be presented to the
museum.
• Synonyms & conjunction
9. Example 4
• Original sentence
Adam’s remark did not make much
of an impression on Blake.
• Paraphrased sentence
Adam’s remark did not impress
Blake.
• Part of speech (Noun Verb)
impress impression
10. Example 5
• Original sentence
People who busk play music or sing for money in
the streets or other public places.
• Paraphrased sentence
Buskers play music or sing for money in the streets
or other public places
• Part of speech (verbnoun)
buskbuskers
12. Answers
PRACTICE 3
2. The logging of the rainforest has disastrous
effects on the environment (Choo, 2008)
3. According to Nair (2005), the education of
undergraduates differs from their education in
school because undergraduates are taught by
several professors with various expertises.
13. Answer
PRACTICE 4
1. Scientist experiment on animals to determine
the safety and effectiveness of new medicine
before pilot testing them on small groups of
patients, as animals and humans share some
common characteristics (Teo, 2006)
14. Answer
PRACTICE 4
2. It is impossible for teenagers to concentrate
on a book because they can only pay attention
to something for a short while. According to
Akmar (2008), this would be because the
world presented by the television requires
teenagers to concentrate for only half an hour,
after which the programme changes.
16. CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUMMARY
1. Contains the main edasi and main pupgnitsor
stedali
- NO supporting details, NO personal
opinions
2. Logically organised and well aparasrdhper
relevant points
3. Usually written in senretp etnes
17. HOW TO SUMMARISE A TEXT
1. Read the rubric
2. Skim the text
3. First reading (to understand
the text)
4. Second reading (to identify
relevant points)
5. Draw an outline
6. Write the first draft (in your
own words)
7. Edit the draft
8. Rewrite the draft
18. Key words in the Instructions
• dricebse – write what something/someone is like
• mocapre – write about the similarities
• stonatrc– write about the differences
• explain asuces – write about the contributing
factors
• explain fsectfe– write about the outcomes of the
influence
22. MARRY YOU!
In our society, a person who wishes to marry
cannot completely disregard the customary pattern
of courtship. If a man meets a woman on the street
and decides he wants to marry her, he could
conceivably choose a quicker and more aggressive
course of action than the usual dating procedure. He
could get on a horse, ride to the woman’s home,
carry her up in his arms and gallop away with her. In
Sicily, until recently, such a couple would be
considered legally “married”, even if the woman had
never met the man before and had no intention of
marrying him. However, in Malaysia, any man who
acts this way would probably have his sanity
questioned.
23. MARRY YOU! - PARAPHRASED
Going through the customary courtship
is essential in our society if someone
intends to get married. However, instead of
the usual dating prior to marriage, a man
could adopt a faster and more hostile
approach. For instance, in Sicily, a man
could ride up to a woman’s house, snatch
her and force her into marriage. This
practice was until recently considered
acceptable. However, it would certainly be
regarded as illegal in Malaysia. The man
could be considered insane and charged for
kidnapping.
24. MARRY YOU! - SUMMARISED
The form of courtship varies between
cultures. Although forced marriages are
deemed illegal in Malaysia, this practice was
acceptable in Sicily until recently.
Adapted from J. Langan, (2002). Reading and Study Skills.
(7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill
26. Answer
According to Gradler (2006), tea tree oil has
natural healing properties. During World War II,
Australia supplied tea-tree oil to their soldiers.
Tea-tree oil can can cure skin problems as it
contains terpenoids, which have antiseptic and
antifungal properties. Terpinen-4-ol is believed to
be responsible for the tea-tree oils’s antimicrobial
property. However, tea-tree oil should not be
taken orally because it can cause serious health
problems.
