how to writing in psikologi

1. GENRE OF WRITING
Psychology Faculty
UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

2. GENRE REVIEW
DESCRIPTIVE NARRATIVE ARGUMENTATIVE EXPOSITORY
• Identification
• Description
• Orientation
• Complication
• Climax/ Event of
series
• Resolution
• Reorientation
• Introductory
• Thesis statement
• Argument
(Pros/Con’s)
• Evidence & fact
• Persuade
• Conclusion
• Topic paragraph
• Body Paragraph
• Process /fact/
detail
• Closing

3. My cat Cloyi
I have a cat namely Cloyi, Cloyi is my adorable blond cat. it is cute
with fat body. (IDENTIFICATION)
Cloyi’s hobby is watching cartoon, it enjoys watching cartoons,
especially Tom and Jerry and Timon and Pumbaa, it loves to play
with me and it is my lovely cat. Cloyi does not establish her
territory, as many cat experts think, but it doesn’t like to sleep
where other cats have slept. What I like about it is that its friendly
with all friends. (DESCRIPTION)

4. NARRATIVE TEXT
• Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog, his name
is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.
(Orientation)
• One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day,
Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog.
After that, he took the dog liver and carried home. Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but
Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got
wounded and scar then cast away from their home. (complication)
• Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman
and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in
Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left several years earlier. Soon she realized that
she felt in love with her own son. (event of series) .
• She couldn't marry him, but how to say it? Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for
celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night before sunrise. He built a lake. With
a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the
eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day. (Resolution)
• Sangkuriang failed to marry her. He was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of
Tangkuban Perahu Bandung. (Reorientation)

5. Argumentative text :
Should Students Take Part Time Jobs?
Working and going to school is challenging, it can be a rewarding experience if you use some foresight.
However, you’d better think a hundred times before you decide to take a part time job. There are a lot of things
that should be factored in on the decision to take a part time job. (introductory part)
. On the negative side, working and still maintaining a good grade at school is not an easy task.
Having less time for schoolwork becomes the main negative effect. Consequently, many students who work
part time fail to perform at their best both on schoolwork and on examinations. Moreover, a part- time job can
really interfere with the students’ free time. It also cuts into their studies and/or social life.
On the positive side of things, a part time job helps students to support day to day living expenses. Working
can be a valuable part of a student’s life, if taken on responsibly. Students can derive a great deal from
working, considerably more than just money. In most cases, they can acquire a nice dose of discipline and a
whole new set of skills and experiences. (argument / body part)
Taking part- time work is the opportunity to expand the resume. Ideally, a student should try to find a job that is
related in some way to his/her selected field of study. But even not, a student can still gain some work
experience and develop skills.
Working takes a lot of time and energy, so students need to make sure to be able to handle both
employment and their current commitments. Finally, if you are considering working part time, talk to your
school counsellor to discuss this move. Simply explain your goals to someone else can help you make
decisions and figure out your priorities. (conclusion part)

6. Expository writing
 Example’s for Expository writing:
Three Types of Planets
People often think all planets are alike, but there are actually three types of planets in the solar system. The terrestrial
planets are made of rock and metal and are closest to the sun. These include the midsize planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
(Topic sentence)
They rotate slowly and don’t have many moons. Further from the sun are the planets called gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
and Neptune. They are called gas giants because they are formed from gases such as hydrogen and helium. Gas giants rotate fast
and have many moons. Finally, planetoids are objects made up of rock and ice and are too small to be true “planets.” (Body
sentences)
Planetoids sometimes even get pulled into a planet’s gravitational field and become moons themselves. Whether they are
terrestrials, gas giants, or planetoids, the planets in the solar system are fascinating. (Closing sentence)
 There are three parts inside expository writing:
1. topic sentence, that tells the theme of the sentence.
2. body sentences, that explain more specifically.
3. closing sentence, as a closing in writing.

7. Descriptive Text

8. STRUCTURE
Identification
• Identifying the phenomenon to be described
• Usually answer the following question: What’s the
topic of the text? What’s the text about?
Description
• Describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities,
or/and characteristics.

9. Characteristics
Simple Tense Adverbs
Adejctives Metaphors

10. Simple Present Tense
Tense
o The present tense: often used in this
kind of text.
oThe past tense: to describe a certain
thing which is extinct or not available
nowadays.
o The passive form: can be used in
this case. (Like the past tense)

11. Simile
Metaphor
o Metaphors and similes are both methods of making comparisons.
o Simile, these comparisons are made using words like “like” or “as”.
o To mention someone swims very fast we can say
- “She swims like a fish”.
Metaphors and Similes

12. o It helps the writer to convey the meaning
behind the text.
o The benefit for the reader is the ability to
more
clearly visualize what is being described.
BENEFITS

13. Narrative text
• Fairy stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances,
horror stories, adventure stories, fables, myths,
and legends, romance, slice of life, and personal
experiences.

14. Structure of Narrative Text
Orientation Complication
This revolves arround conflicts or problem
that affict the setting,time or characters.The
hero is prevented from reaching his or her
goals.
A problem or series of problems interrupt or
complicate the lives of the characters
This sets the scene,creating a visual picture
of the setting,atmosphere and time of the
story.Characters are introduced and clues
are set in place for the coming complication.
01 02

15. Series of events
The story continues through a
series of expected and
unexpected events.
In this part of the story a
sequence of expected and
unexpected actions affect the
setting, atmosphere,
characters or time.
resolution
A resolution is found for
the problem or challenge
The resolution brings the
series of events to a close
and resolves the main
problem, challenge or
situation.
Reorientation/Code
Sets the scene again and locates
the characters in it
The usual pattern of life returns
but changes have taken place or
knowledge has been gained from
the experiences.
04 05
06

16. Argumentative text
Argumentative is a paragraph that explains and convinces the
reader about the pro (agree) and contra (disagree), which is often
called the Argumentative paragraph. As the name implies,
Argumentative paragraphs contain topics that are controversial to
the public and current news in today's society.

17. Characteristic Argumentative text
1. Contains the author's
opinion, view, or belief
on a problem.
3. Describe a problem by
analyzing and making
an analogy.
2. Have factual data that
is used to convince the
reader.
4. Ends with a
conclusion in the form
of a broader opinion.

18. Five Types of Argument
1. Fact: whether the statement is true or false.
2. Definition: the dictionary definition of what
you’re arguing, plus your own personal
interpretation of it.
3. Value: the importance of what you’re arguing.
4. Cause and effect: what causes the problem in
your text and what effects it has.
5. Policy: why the reader should care and what they
should do about it after reading.

19. Argumentation text
Create the topic first
Determine the purpose of the essay
Doing research or field observations
Create an outline develop ideas / essay
outline
Make a conclusion
Abstract Noun : Abstract nouns (cannot be
seen, heard or touched), for example: beauty,
bravery, culture, confidence, goodness, hope,
etc.
Action Verb : Verbs that describe actions that
humans and animals can perform, for
example: eat, touch, talk, watch, walk, etc.
Temporal Connectives : Vocabulary that
connects one event to another in sequence,
for example: firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc.
Steps Language

20. Expository text
Expository writing, as the name suggests It is used to describe, explain
and also present information to the readers. There are seven commonly
identified with expository writing, including definition, description, process
(eg, sequence), classification, comparison, analysis (eg, cause and
effect), and persuasion (Heller, 1991; Meyer & Freedle, 1984).

21. Structure in expository text
Meyer (1985) classifies the structure of expository text as follows:
• Description: The text generator describes an existing topic.
• Sequence: Text generator use numerical or chronological order to list items or
events.
• Compare or contrast: The text generator compares and contrasts two or more
similar events, topics, or objects.
• Cause or effect: The author of the text describes one or more causes and then
describes the subsequent effects.
• Problem/solution: The author of the text poses a problem or question and then
provides the answer.

22. Let’s practice
Please choose the picture and write based on the genre that you are interested !

23. Picture 1
Picture 3
Picture 2

26. https://youtu.be/FiLrAMVageA?si=ht8EaCY
sA7QEDiko

27. How to write an exposition effectively
1. Prewriting Selecting a Topic To select a topic, make a diagram. Select two
things you know about and write them at the top. Then list the different
categories that can be found in each topic Writing
2. Developing Your First Draft A classification paragraph consists of a topic
sentence, a body that explains the categories—with supporting details—and
a closing sentence.
3. Revising Improving Your Paragraph After you finish your paragraph, check
it for ideas, organization, voice, word choice, and sentence fluency.
4. Editing Checking for Conventions After you revise your paragraph, check
it for conventions.