8 Revolutionary Dominos

Eight Revolutionary Dominos
US History to 1877
Wentworth Institute of Technology
Professor Jared Haas
Andreana Goldlust - Robens Innocent - Kate Shaughnessy

French and Indian War: History
• Also called the Seven Years War lasted
between 1754 and 1763
• This war was between the French troops and
Native Americans against the British troops
• There were several causes to the war but the
most important being the need for territorial
expansion and the need for religious freedom
• The French were conquered in 1760 resulting
in the French losing the control of the French
Louisiana west of the Mississippi and the
British gaining Florida and Canada
Source: Boundless. “The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763.” Boundless U.S. History. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Retrieved 26 Mar. 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/u-s-
history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-british-empire-and-the-colonial-crisis-1754-1775-6/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763-59/the-seven-years-war-
1754-1763-358-9694/

French and Indian War: Further Division
• There is supporting evidence that actions leading up to the French
and Indian War, the actual war, and the aftermath further divided the
British and American people
• Unfortunately, the cost of the War caused Britian to fall in severy debt
• This caused Britain to have great resentment towards the American
colonists because they felt that the colonist did not:
• Contribute to the war financial
• Provide enough military assistance
Source: University of Groningen. "Effects Of The War." Web. 26 Mar. 2016.
Source: Boundless. “The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763.” Boundless U.S. History. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Retrieved 26 Mar. 2016
from https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-british-empire-and-the-colonial-crisis-1754-1775-6/the-seven-
years-war-1754-1763-59/the-seven-years-war-1754-1763-358-9694/

• Due to this resentment, English
leaders were convinced that the
colonies needed major
reorganizations
• Plans were devised to ensure that
London had more control and
authority over the colonies which
did not fair well with the American
colonies

• After Britain declared war on France in 1756, Native Americans were forced
to chose who to fight with
• The majority of Natives fought alongside the French (except the Iroquois
Confederacy)
• The American had to fight along slide the British forces
• After the war was lost by the French, the Native Americans from both sides
did not fair well in the end:
• The Natives who fought alongside the French faced hostility of the British
• The Iroquois Confederacy also faced hostility as well but slightly less than those who
fought against the British
• Therefore these alliance broke down and the Natives began to contest the
British collectively

• Between all the separate colonies, the
American colonist were never able to
coexist before the war
• Because of the war, the colonists had
learned that they could unite and
fight against a common enemy (which
at that time was the French)
• After the war, the thirteen colonies no
longer distrusted each other and had
a similar common enemy; which was
the British

The Proclamation of 1763: History
• Issued by the British King George
III
• The as enacted following the
British victory in the Seven Years
War
• The purpose of the Proclamation
was to divide the territory and to
stop the westward expansion
while still expanding the fur trade.
Source: Land of the Brave. "Proclamation of 1763." Land of the Brave. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

The Proclamation of 1763: Further Division
• The Proclamation Line became a huge source of controversy
• The line was along the Appalachian Mountains and made to protect the
Native American lands; and helped with repaying the Natives that helped the
British during the war
• The Natives that were allies with the French were less then pleased
that they were now under British rule
• This led to the Pontiac War (1763–66) which was the Natives failed attempt at
preventing the British from occupying previous French territory

• Therefore the British responded by separating white settlements from
Native lands
• To the colonist, it appeared that the British were siding with the
Natives which created further division among the colonist

• By implementing a boundary as
described in the Proclamation, this
required a lot of time and financial
resources towards the placement
of posts along the boarder
• The British claimed that the cost
associated with this boarder was to
protect the colonist
• The British therefore imposed these
cost on the colonist
• The colonist resented that
additional tax to pay for the
boundary

• With the colonist resentment toward
the new proclamation line these
colonist began to lobby to the British
Government to move the line
towards the west; therefore
acquiring more land
• The proclamation line was moved
further west by a series of treaties
with the Natives

Unfair Taxes: History
• King George III used heavier taxes as a
solution to reduce the high financial
debt caused by the Seven Years War
• These unfair taxes led to:
• Financial hardship among the colonist
• More division between the colonist and
the British
• The subsequent American Revolution
Source: George, Tim. "The 4 Acts That Lead To The American Revolution." Off The Grid News. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

Unfair Taxes: Further Division
The Sugar Act (1764)
• The purpose of the sugar act was to:
• Ensure that tax can be collected to support funding the British military
• Allow for British judicial rulings over tax violators
• Regulate trade between non-British venders
• Legalize cargo seizures from tax violators
• Decrease bribery practices
• Decrease foreign good imports
• These acts were not followed by many colonies because
• Unreasonably high taxed
• It was rarely enforced by the British
• Because this law war not enforced, the colonist were accustomed to conducting there own trades
with non-British colonies
• However, in 1764, when the British finally decided to strickly enforce the law; the colonist were
extremely resentful and angry
Source: Land of the Brave. “Sugar Act." Land of the Brave. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

The Currency Act (1764)
• Colonial business were successful and spreading across the country
the colonies created their own currency (i.e., colonial scrip)
• British bankers were not happy with colonies printing there own
money; especially as the economy appeared to be thriving and
getting out of British control
• The British enforced a law that aimed to control the currency in the
colonies by making the colonial scrip illegal and force colonist to use
British money. Its purpose was to:
• Control the ability to colonist to print and use paper money
• Help the British merchants by pushing the colonies to use British currency
rather than colonial currency
• The help reduce the nations debt
• This caused a financial crisis among the colonist because everything
became twice as expensive to pay with British money
• This caused extreme resentment towards the British

The Quartering Act (1765)
• The British government passed a law in
which British soldiers are allowed to find
shelter in any American colonies that they
wish
• The required Americans to build shelters
for the soldiers. If the shelters were
inadequate then soldiers used other
buildings
• The colonist believed that the British were
only in America to enforce the law on the
colonist therefore this Act cause further
resentment

The Stamp Act (1765)
• The British taxed the following paperwork by
placing a stamp (seen to the left) on the top of
each document:
• licenses, college diplomas, playing cards,
advertisements, newspapers, and legal documents
• The colonist responded in anger before the law
can come to effect stating no “taxation without
representation”
• This act lead to the colonist declaring the Stamp
Act unjust and rallied against the British
Parliament

The Boston Massacre: History
• Took place March 5, 1770
• Also called The Incident on King
Street by the British
Source: Boundless. “The Boston Massacre and Military Occupation.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016

The Boston Massacre: Further Division
• British troops were station in Boston since 1768, to protect officials
appointed by the King to enforce Parliamentary legislation. Most
Bostonians not happy about this.
• Private White who was standing guard outside the Custom House, got
into an argument with wig-maker apprentice, Edward Garrick over a
misunderstanding over Captain Lieutenant John Goldfinch’s bill for a
wig

• Private White struck Garrick in the
head with his musket
• Townspeople started to form and
threw things at Private White and
encouraged him to fire his weapon.

• Private White requested assistance and sought a safer position on the
steps of the Custom House—A non-commissioned officer and 6
privates of the 29th Regiment of Foot showed up and demanded the
crowd to leave.
• The crowd continued to mock the soldiers and continued to tell them
to “fire” while throwing snowballs and other objects at them.

• The soldiers fired into the
crowd and the shots hit 11 men
• The British fired into an
unarmed crowd and killed 5
civilian men

The Boston Tea Party: History
• Took place on December 16, 1773
• The Sons of Liberty lead the protest
• Referred to by John Adams as The
Destruction of the Tea in Boston
• Was a response to the British Tea Act
Source: Boundless. “The Boston Tea Party” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016

The Boston Party: Further Division
• Colonists objected to the Tea Act especially because they felt it
violated their right to be taxed only by their own elected
representatives
• Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of taxed tea in
three other colonies, but in Boston, embattled
Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be
returned to Britain.

The Boston Tea Party: Further Division
• Governor Hutchinson refused to grant permission for the Dartmouth,
Eleanor & Beaver to leave without paying the duty.
• As a result, the Sons of Liberty, dressed in Mohawk warrior disguises,
boarded the three vessels and, over the course of three hours,
dumped all 342 chests of tea into the water.

• Samuel Adams argued that the Tea
Party was not the act of a lawless
mob, but was instead a principled
protest and the only remaining
option the people had to defend
their constitutional rights.
• The Tea Party united all parties in
Britain against the colonies.

• The British government felt this action could not remain unpunished,
and responded by closing the port of Boston and putting in place
other laws known as the "Coercive Acts“
• The tax on tea was repealed with the Taxation of Colonies Act of
1778, part of another Parliamentary attempt at conciliation that
failed.

The Intolerable Acts: History
• The Intolerable Acts was an American term
for the laws passed by the British Parliament
in 1774 after the Tea Party.
• The laws were passed as a punishment to
the Massachusetts colonists as a result of
the Tea Party.
Source: "The Intolerable Acts." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association. Web. 27 Mar. 2016.

The Intolerable Acts: Further Division
Boston Port Act –
• An act to discontinue, in such manner, and for or such time as
are therein mentioned, the landing and discharging, lading or
shipping, of goods, wares, and merchandise, at the town, and
within the harbour, of Boston, in the province of Massachusetts
Bay, in North America.

Massachusetts Government Act –
• An Act for the better regulating the government of the
province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England.
Quebec Act –
• An Act for making effectual Provision for the Government of
the Province of Quebec in North America.
• An appointed council, rather than an elected body, would
make the major decisions for the colony.

Administration of Justice Act –
• An act for the impartial administration of justice in the case of
persons questioned for any acts done by them in the execution of
the law, or for the suppression of riots and tumults, in the province
of the Massachusetts Bay, in New England.

• Throughout the colonies the
message became clear that
the British had gone too far.
• For the first time since the
Stamp Act, an intercolonial
conference was called

The First Continental Congress: History
Source: Boundless. “The First Continental Congress.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016
• The First Continental Congress
met on September 5, 1774
• As a Result of The Intolerable Acts,
delegates met.
• Took place in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.

The First Continental Congress: Further Division
• Twelve colonies sent delegates.
• The Province of Georgia was the exception as they were hoping for
British assistance with Indian conflicts.
• 56 members attended.
• All members were appointed by the legislature of their colony.

• The Congress met to consider options in dealing with British
Parliament going forward.
• Options included:
• Economic Boycott of British Trade
• Rights and Grievances
• Petitioning King George III for redress of those grievances.

• The delegates from each
colony were not all on the
same page. Some were
looking for resolution, some
were looking for
independence.
• The delegates urged each
colony to establish and train
their own militia.

• The Congress also called for another meeting in the even that their petition
was unsuccessful.
• They were unsuccessful in ending the Intolerable Acts.
• As a result the Second Continental Congress took place the following year.
• By the second meeting, the colonies agreed that it was time for
independence.

Paul Revere’s Ride: History
• Took place April 18, 1775
• Messenger Paul Revere lived in Boston
• Revere became suspicious/there was talk
that the British were going to go to Concord
(Provincial Congress lived here and it was
also home to militia military supplies) to
seize the town’s arms supply.

Paul Revere’s Ride: Further Division
• Revere went to Concord to warn the townspeople that the British
may be coming for supplies
• Townspeople began to hide the supplies
• On Revere’s way back to Boston, he met with Patriot leaders in
Charlestown and they devised a plan using signal lanterns placed in
the belfry of Old North Church, on how to give notice about the route
that the British would be taking to Concord.
Source: HSTRY. “Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride”. HSTRY. n.d. Web. 26 March 2016

• One lantern lit means that the British would be going by land from
Boston Neck then North to Concord.
• Two lanterns lit means that the British were making their way across
the Charles by boat to Cambridge, then west to Concord.
• Evening of April 18th, Revere received word that the British were
preparing boats to cross the Charles.
• Shoemaker William Dawes was sent by land to warn Sam Adams and
John Hitchcock.

• Revere was sent by water in case Dawes got caught
• Revere reached Hancock and Adams in Lexington and later joined by
Dawes and Dr. Samuel Prescott who was a resident of Concord and
knew the land very well.
• The three continued their journey to Concord but Dawes got captured
and Revere was taken prisoner. Prescott was the only one to
successfully alarm Concord that the British were coming.

• While riding back to Lexington, Revere and his imprisoners heard
shots fired and church bells ringing, indicating that the British were
coming and the townspeople needed to prepare.
• The British captors release Revere
• Revere joined Hancock and Adams and they retreated to a tavern in
Lexington were Hancock had left some important papers.
• In the morning, Revere left the tavern with papers in hand as he
heard shots and saw smoke in the distance—the “shot heard around
the world”.
• This was the start of the Revolutionary War.

Resources
Boundless. “The Boston Massacre and Military Occupation.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016
Boundless. “The Boston Tea Party” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016
Boundless. “The First Continental Congress.” US History to 1877. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 March 2016
Boundless. “The Seven Years' War: 1754-1763.” Boundless U.S. History. Boundless, 21 Jul. 2015. Web. 26 Mar. 2016
HSTRY. “Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride”. HSTRY. n.d. Web. 26 March 2016
George, Tim. "The 4 Acts That Lead To The American Revolution." Off The Grid News. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.
Land of the Brave. "Proclamation of 1763." Land of the Brave. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.
"The Intolerable Acts." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.
University of Groningen. "Effects Of The War." Web. 26 Mar. 2016.

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