MULTIDISCIPLINRY NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
tps 180150109049 180150109078.pptx
1. ENGINEERING COLLEGE-
BHUJ
PRESENTATION ON THERMAL POWER
STATION
Submitted to :-
H.K.VAGHELA
Submitted by :-kachhatiya jaysukh
:- nakum anand
En. No:-180150109049
:- 180150109078
2. INTRODUCTION
• The Sikka Power Station is located near Jamnagar. It is Coal
Based Power Station.
• There are two units of 120 MW each & 2 x 250 MW Units with a
total installed capacity of 740 MW (as on 31.03.2017).
• All the above units are of BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electricals
Limited) make.
• The commissioning dates of unit no. 1 and 2 are 26.03.1988
and 3 & 4 are 14.09.2015 & 28.12.2015.
3. BASIC WORKING OF THERMAL POWER
STATION
• In thermal power plants, the heat energy obtained from
combustion of solid fuel (mostly coal) is used to convert water
into steam, this steam is at high pressure and temperature.
This steam is used to rotate the turbine blade turbine shaft is
connected to the generator.
5. 1. COAL YARD
• In the coal yard the wagon full of coal is emptied
automatically.
• In this first the wagon is sprayed of water.
• Then the wagon is clamped by horizontal and vertical
clamp.
• Then the DC motors rotates the bridge and the coal is
emptied from the wagon.
• Then the bridge came into original position.
6. 2. COAL CRUSHER
• The coal crusher is used to crush the coal.
• From the floor the rack pull out the coal.
3.
BUNKER
• .The bunker is one type of storage.
• The belt is used to pull out the coal from crusher.
• From the bunker the coal enters into the feeder.
• From the feeder the coal enter into the coal mill.
Fig. COAL CRUSHER Fig. BUNKERS
• The coal needed to be fine particles to burn efficiently.
• Here the bowl type coil mill used.
• From the feeder the centrally located pipe feed the coal
into mill.
• The roller is used to crush the coal
4. COAL MILL
Fig. COAL MILL
7. 5. BOILER
• Now that pulverized coal is put in boiler furnace.
• Boiler is enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated until
the water is
• turned into steam is required pressure.
• Coal is burned inside the combustion are nothing but gases.
• These gases which are at high temperature vaporize the water inside the
boiler to
steam.
• This steam at high pressure and temperature is used directly as a
heating medium,
• or as the working fluid in a prime mover to convert thermal energy to
mechanical
work, which in turn may converted to electrical energ.
9. 6. STEAM TURBINE
• Turbine is machine in which a shaft is rotated steadily by
impact or reaction of current or steam of working substance
(steam, water, gases etc. ) upon blades of a wheel.
• It convert the potential energy or kinetic energy of working
substance into mechanical power by virtue of dynamic action of
working substance. When the working substance is steam it is
called steam turbine.
10. 7. CONDENSER
• Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to condenser.
Condenser refers here to the shell and tube heat exchanger (or
surface condenser) installed at the outlet of every steam
turbine in thermal power stations of utility companies
generally. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert
steam from its gaseous to its liquid state, also known as phase
transition.
• The purpose is to condense the outlet steam from steam
turbine to obtain maximum efficiency and also to get the
condensed steam in the form of pure water, otherwise known
as condensate, back to steam generator pr boiler as boiler feed
water.
Fig. CONDENSER
11. 8. GENERATOR
• An alternator is an electro mechanical device that
converts mechanical energy to alternating current
electrical energy
• In principle, any AC generator can be called an
alternator, but usually the word refers to small rotating
machine driven by automotive and other internal
combustion engines.
• Generator is connected with the all HP, IP and LP turbine
so when the turbines rotates by the pressure of the
steam the generator also rotate and due to magnetic field
it generateelectricity
❖ Data Description
• Killo watt : 250KW
• Power factor : 0.85 Lag
• KVA : 291400
13. 9. COOLING TOWER
• The condensate formed in the condenser after condensation is
initially at high temperature. This hot water is passed to
cooling towers.
• Water acting as the heat transfer fluid, gives up heat to
atmospheric air, and thus cooled, is recalculated through the
system, affording economical operation of the process.
• Inlet water temperature : 60ºC.
• Inlet water temperature : 30ºC 10.
Fig. COOLING TOWER
14. 10. FORCED DROUGHT FAN
• Air drawn from atmosphere is forced into the furnace into the
furnace, at a pressure higher than the outside atmosphere, by
big centrifugal fan or fans to create turbulence and to provide
adequate oxygen for combustion.
• Forced draught fans are used to provide a positive pressure to
a system.
11. INDUCED DRAUGHT FAN
• Instead of drawing atmospheric air and pushing through furnace, a
centrifugal fan can be deployed to draw out the air from the
furnace and throw out through chimney, Induced draught fans are
used to provide a negative pressure or vacuum in a slack or
system.
• The system is called Induced Draught system and the fan
deployed for this purpose is known as induced Draught Fan.
15. 12. PRIMARY AIR FAN
• These are the large high pressure fans which supply the air
needed to dry and transport coal either directly from the coal
mills to the furnace or to the intermediate bunker.
• These fans may locate before or after the milling equipment.
The most common application is cold primary air fans, hot
primary air fans.
16. 13. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
(ESP)
• It is a device which removes dust or other finely divided
particles from flue gases by charging the particles inductively
with an electric field, then attracting them to highly charged
collector plates. Also known as precipitator.
• The process is depend on two steps. In the first step the
suspension passes through an electric discharge (corona
discharge) area where ionization of the gas occurs. The ions
produced collide with the suspended particles and confer on
them an electric charge.
17. 14.CHIMNEY
• A chimney is a system for ventilating hot flue gases or smoke
from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside
atmosphere.
• The space inside a chimney is called a flue. Chimney may be
found in building, steam locomotive and ships.
18. • SWITCH YARD
• Power generated by generator is stepped up by the generating
transformer.
• Generating transformer steps up 15.75 kv to 220kv.There are
two such transformer.
• A taping before the generating transformer is taken and given
to unit auxiliary transformer (2 nos ). Unit auxiliary transformer
supply is used to drive the plant instruments and different
auxiliaries in the plant during the generation of power.
• There are two nos of station transformer in the plant.
• Station transformer comes into use when the plant is in off
state and required to bring in on state.
20. • EQUIPMENT IN
SWITCHYARD
1) Generating Transformer :
• The generator transformer is the largest transformer on a power station and connects the
generator output to the grid. There is a generator transformer for each generating unit and it is rated
according to the size of that unit.
2) Busbar :-
• In electric power distribution, a busbar (also bus bar)
is a metallic strip or bar, typically housed inside
switchgear, panel boards, and busway enclosures for
local high current power distribution.
21. 3) POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMER :
• The potential transformer can be defined as an instrument
employed to transmit the voltage from a higher value to a lower
output.
• This transformer step down the voltage to a safe limit value
which can be easily measured.
4) Current
Transformer :
• Also known as CTs, current transformers are devices that
measure alternating current. They are widely used to measure
high magnitude currents.
• A current transformer essentially lowers (steps down) a high
current to a lower, safer level that you can manage properly.
22. 5) LIGHTENING ARRESTER
:
• A lightning arrester is a device used on electric power
transmission and telecommunication systems to protect the
insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging
effects of lightning.
6) SF6 circuit breaker :
• In Sulphur Hexafluoride or SF6 Circuit Breaker, Sulphur
hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used as an insulating and arc
quenching medium. SF6 gas has many superior properties
which makes it perfect for arc quenching.
• Sulphur Hexafluoride or SF6 Circuit Breaker is most popular
and widely used breaker. This type of breaker is mostly used
23. 7) ISOLATOR :
• The isolator is a mechanical switch which isolates a part of the
circuit from the system as when required. Electrical isolators
separate a part of the system from rest for safe maintenance
works.
• So the definition of isolator can be rewritten as an isolator is a
manually operated mechanical switch which separates a part of
the electrical power.
8) Wave Trap :
• A line trap, also known as wave trap, or high-frequency
stopper, is a maintenance free parallel resonant circuit,
mounted inline on high-voltage (HV) AC transmission power
lines to prevent the transmission of high frequency (40 kHz to
24. 9) EARTHING
SWITCH :
• During the repair of equipment the isolator & the earth switch
is adjusted in sucha way that it can be worked on every work.
The earth switch is arranged in such a way that any part of the
switchyard or the main bus can be Earth when repairing the
main bus. It is use to protect upon charging current.
10) Capacitance Voltage Transformer :
• A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), also known as
capacitor- coupled voltagetransformer (CCVT), is a transformer
used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals
and provide a low voltage signal, for metering or operating a
protective relay.
• The CVT is also useful in communication systems
