Wildlife Threat and illigal wildlife trade

1. Namaste
And
Welcome to
all Û

2. A thesis presentation on
“ An Assessment of Threats (Poaching & Illegal
Trade) & Prey Analysis of Snow Leopard in Api
Nampa Conservation Area(ANCA)”
(A case study of Api Nampa Conservation Area, Byash)
Presented By
Anand Jha
B.Sc. Forestry
4th year 2nd
Semester
Advisor
Krishna Pd. Dahal
Asst. Professor, IOF,
Hetauda

3.  INTRODUCTION
 RATIONALE
 OBJECTIVES
 LIMITATION
 STUDY AREA
 METHODOLOGY
 RESULT & FINDINGS
 CONCLUSION
 RECOMMENDATION
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 PHOTO PLATES
OUTLINES….

4. Introduction….
 The snow leopard (Uncia uncia), the "Mountain
Queen" is a legendry elusive mega-species &
possibly a barometer across the widespread
mountain of Central Asia assessing environmental
health and biodiversity conservation. It is also
known as the Flagship or Umbrella species in the
Himalayan region of Nepal(WWF, Nepal)
 It is the top predator of the high altitude
mountains of central and southern Asia and is the
striking symbol of world's highest place(WWF,
Nepal).
 Blue sheeps are considered as an important
primary prey for snow leopard in Nepal and
elsewhere in the Himalayan region(WWF, Nepal).

5. Rationale…….
 The population of Snow leopard is declining
throughout its range due to habitat loss, declining
prey and their widespread persecution
(Thapa,2004). The main threats in its conservation
are lack of information about its status, retaliatory
killing for livestock depredation, poaching, and loss
of habitat because of high density of livestock in
grazing area (WWF/ICIMOD, 2001; DNPWC, 2005)
 This research has provided new updated
information on status, threats and prey availability
of snow Leopard in the Study area. This will be
very effective for evaluation of current
conservation activities, formulation of future plans
and further research in the area.

6. Objective of the study….
General objectives
 General objective of this study is to determine the
threats (Poaching & Illegal Wildlife Trade) & to analyze
prey of Snow Leopard in ANCA (Byash VDC).
specific objectives
 To find the existing threats
 To find out trade networks, markets, trade route,
demand for locally and globally, status for poaching and
relation if any retaliatory killing with product demand.
 To find out existing prey condition available for snow
leopard.

7. Limitations….
 This study was concentrated on Byash
VDC of Darchula district which lies in the
core area of Api-Nampa Conservation
area so the study may not be generalized
to other parts of the world but can be
used as a baseline research.
 The study was carried out based on the
information given by people. The validity
of this this study depends upon the
recalling capacity of people.
 This research was conducted within
limited budget frame.

8. Study Area….
 Api Nampa is Nepal’s
youngest Conservation
Area and maybe also the
best preserved. Due to
the few numbers of
tourists that have
reached that area of
Nepal, you can
experience untouched
nature and authentic
Nepali traditions.
 The study was carried
out in Byas VDC of
Darchula district. which
falls under Byash range
post of ANCA. In Darchula
district , 27 VDCs have
been directly involving to
conserve the Snow
Leopard.

9. Sampling Design
 Samples were selected with Stratified Random
Sampling.
 Sample Intensity – 22% of Total HH
 Household survey- 51 of 230 HH
Data collection
Primary data collection
 Questionnaire survey
 Key Informant Survey
 Group Discussion
 Direct Observation
Secondary Data Collection
 ANCA Office
 CNP & PNP Office
 Related published and
unpublished research
report.
 Local government bodies
 Bulletins, Booklets,
Internet etc.
Methodology….

10. 2. Data Analysis
 Data was analyzed by using MS Excel and
interpreted using simple statistical tools
such as pie char, bar diagram and
parentage etc.
 Descriptive tables were used to analyze
and interpret the quality data obtained at
the time.
Methodology…….

11. Result
&
Findings

12. Threats….
Snow Leopard population are threatened by: -
 Poaching – illegal hunting and selling of pelts, bones, and
body parts for the fur trade and use in Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM).
 Loss of prey- depletion of the natural prey base.
 Problem animals or depredators – snow leopard
that kill domestic livestock are killed by herders
(retaliatory killing); this may include the removal of cubs
from their natal dens.
 Loss of Habitat – Habitat degradation and Habitat
fragmentation.
 Lack of awareness and support- Among villagers &
herders –of the importance of protecting snow leopards
and their prey base.

13. Contd….
4%
88%
6% 2%
FREQUENTLY
OBSERVABLE
RARELY
OBSERVABLE
FREQUENTLY SEEN
IN VILLAGE
OTHER
Nature of Snow Leopard
50%
36%
7% 7%
Forest Grassland Rockyland Other
Site Where Snow Leopard
Generally Found
Degrading Improving No Change Degrading Improving No Change
Forest Grassland
73%
18%
10%
61%
22%
18%
STATUS OF SITE WHERE SNOW
LEOPARD GENERALLY FOUND

14. Trade Market and Route….

15. Entertainment
Body Parts Demand
Self defence
others
4%
63%
29%
4%
REASON BEHIND KILLING
SNOW_LEOPARD
24%
27%
45%
4%
Involvement in killing Process
Local people
Foreigners
Local people
with Foreigners
others
6%
37%
53%
4%
Reason Behind Death of Snow
Leopard
Natural Death
Starvation
Poaching
others
Contd….

16. 0%
25%
49%
22% 4%
Marketing Status
25.5%
31.4%
41.2%
2.0%
Local people
Foreigners
Local people with…
others
Involvement in Marketing
Process
11%
85%
4%
Prey Status
Asiatic ibex
Blue Ship
Other
Contd….

17. 27%
43%
22%
8%
FOREST GRASSLAND ROCKYLAND OTHER
Site Where Prey of Snow
Leopard Generally Found
59%
41%
Attack of Snow Leopard On Livestock
Yes
No
Contd….

18. Conclusion….
 Snow leopard population were threatened by Poaching,
Loss of Prey, Problem animals, Loss of habitat and lake of
awareness.
 Snow leopard are generally found in Forest area, whose
status is degrading day by day due to change in climatic
condition. So, Loss of habitat is one of the most important
threat for snow leopard.
 For the body parts demand and supply, Snow leopard was
killed by Foreigners with the help of local people. So,
Poaching was also one of the second threat for snow
leopard.
 The marketing status of carcass snow leopard was quite
good in this area because of open boarder of India &
China. Local people are highly involved in marketing
process with the help of foreigners.
 The main market area is Dharchula of India border and
Taklakot of China border.

19. Conclusion…. Contd….
 The Demand of Carcass of Snow leopard was very much
in global market but in local market it was good.
 Asiatic ibex and Blue ship were the main species of snow
leopard in this area among which the most commonly
found is Blue sheep also called as Bharal or Naur.
 Blue ship were generally found in Grassland area and
somehow also found in Forest area. The status of forest
and grassland area is degrading day by day which
ultimately affects on the Prey condition of snow leopard.
 The status of forest and grassland area is degrading day
by day which ultimately affects on the Prey condition of
snow leopard. The no. of blue ship is declining day by
day.

20. Recommendation…
 More extension programs need to be conducted to
raise the awareness about wildlife conservation on
local people
 Priority of Snow leopard conservation special
program should be given to the highly conflicted
area.
 Local people need to be highly encouraged to
participate in wildlife conservation.
 While formulating plan to mitigate the poaching
and illegal wildlife trade , local people must be
involved.
 Checking should be very tight in trade route and
market.
 The habitat specially Forest and Grassland area
should improved artificially.
 Wildlife conflict should be minimized by providing
sufficient compensation to the local people.

21. Mr. Krishna Pd. Dahal
Mr. Raghunath lal karn
Mr. OM Prakash Pd. Kalwar
Mr. Bikram Manandhar
Mr. Bhumi raj Upadhya(warden of ANCA)
Miss Binita K.C.(Acting warden of ANCA)
Mr. Hari Bhadra Acharya (warden of PNP)
Mr. Ashok Raam(Assistant warden of PNP)
Mr. Binay Jha (Ranger of PNP)
Hariyo Ban, WWF (For Financial support)
Parmeshwar Pashwan, Sweta Jha, Bijay Thakur
All my colleagues
My Parents & family
Acknowledgement….

22. Some photo plates
Interaction with key person and local people

23. Photo of PNP (Key Informant)
Interaction with Warden and assistant conservation officer

24. photos

25. Thanks….
Any queries
and
feedbacks
are
Heartily Welcome.