This slide describes the ecological concerns of Madhupur and Nijhum Dwip Reserved Forest. It also includes the issues of biodiversity and forest coverage of those areas as well.

1. Protected areas: Madhupur and
Nijhum Dwip
(Present status of biodiversity and forest coverage)

2. According to IUCN (2008),
A protected area is a clearly defined geographical
space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through
legal or other effective means, to achieve the long
term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem
services and cultural values.
What is Protected
Area??
There are several types of
Protected Areas
Protected
Area
Wildlife
Sanctuary
National
Park
Eco Park
Game
Reserve
Safari Park

3. At present 21 Sanctuaries, 17 National Parks, 2 Safari
Parks, 10 Eco-parks and 2 Botanical Gardens are found
in the Bangladesh. (The Daily Observer, 2015)
Protected Areas of
Bangladesh

4. Our focus is on two National Parks of our Country:
1.Madhupur National Park
2.Nijhum Dwip National Park.
National Park is a comparatively large area of natural
beauty to which the members of the public have access
for recreation, education and research, and in which the
wildlife is protected. It can be natural or heritage.
Our Focus

5. Our Focus

6. Objectives
i. To find out present status ( coverage area and
biodiversity) of these two national parks.
ii. Comparing present situation with the past.

7. The information needed for the presentation was
collected basically by reviewing literature.
Satellite images were collected to figure out forest
coverage area.
NDVI has been used to compare between past and
present status of vegetation coverage of forest.
For identifying exact area of the forests, satellite images
from Google Earth was used.
For analyzing the collected data, RS and GIS software
have been used.
Methodol
ogy

10. Madhupur National
Park
Madhupur was officially declared as National
Park in 1982.
Area: 8436 hectare.
Location: It is situated in the northern part of Madhupur
Tract. It is located around 160 km north of Capital Dhaka
and 32 km south-west of Mymensingh town. It lies mainly in
the Madhupur Upazilla of Tangail District.
Altitude: 15 m above sea level.
Soil: Acidic soil with an abundance of Iron and Aluminum.
Reddish and Yellowish in color.
Forest Type : Tropical Deciduous

11. Bio diversity
Flora
Floral Species: Sal, Haldu, Koroi,
Sation, Roina, Kodom, Kewa, Ajuki,
Neem, Kanchan, Palash, Sonalu,
Gab etc.
Mainly 176 botanical species, 73 are trees, 22 shrubs, 1
palm, 8 grasses, 27 climbers and 45 medicinal plants.
(Jain, 2004).
Herb and shrub: Shati, Punch,
Bashak, Shorpogondha etc.
Bamboo: Jai bansh, Muli bansh, Jail
bet, Golla bet etc .

12. Fauna
Hossain and Haque found 140 species of Birds, 21
mammals, 29 reptiles.(Akonda 1989)
Animal : deer, monkey, capped, languor,
wild boar, Indian civet, wild cat, fishing cat.
Reptilian species: Pond turtle, Ganges
sofishell turtle .green keelback snake,
common krait, cobra
Amphibian species: Garo hills tree toad,
flat hea, woodpecker, pied cuckoo, asian
coel, lesser caucal.ded frog, assam sucker
frog.
Bird species: Red jungle fowl, Rufous
woodpecker, Gray Capped

13. Once spread over 45,000 acres of land, Madhupur forest has
now shrunk to only 8,000 acres due to indiscriminate cutting
down and stealing of trees and encroachment, forest
department sources said. ( The Daily Star, 2016)
Vegetation Coverage
Declination

14. Vegetation Coverage
Declination
A study by Abdullah et al, 2015 was done to monitor the decline
of forest coverage from 1972-2015. The dense forest in the core
area became fragmented and many sparse forest patches became
disappeared.
Destruction of natural forest occurred mainly from its periphery;
however, the damage is not equal from all the sides. Damage to
southern and north-western sides of forest is more acute.
90.13
62.16
32.49
22.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
1972 1989 2010 2015YEAR
Forest Coverage (Km2)

15. and Use of Madhupur Forest Area 2015

16. Comparison Of NDVI (1990 and
2016)

17. 140
21
29
47
17
7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Birds Mammals Reptiles
1980s 2017
Extinction of Flora and Fauna
36 varieties of wild fruit and herbal plants have become
nonexistent. Only 47 species of birds and 17 mammals found
by a census by forest department. ( The Daily Observer,
2017)
Prokiti o Jibon found, 8 Amphibians, 15 Mammals, 48 birds
and 7 reptile species in 2015.

18. Nijhum Dwip
Location: It is located in the estuary of Meghna river of
Noakhali District. It is situated 120 km south of Noakhali.
Area : The study area has an area of about 16,352 hectares.
Soil Type : Sandy
Altitude : 0.2m Minimum To Maximum 1.5 m
Forest Type : Mangrove Forest

19. Emergence of Nijhum Dwip as a forest
area
Non-stop flow of alluvium has made many islands to emerge
in Bay of Bengal. Among these islands, Nijhum DWip is one
which is enriched with biodiversity. During 1950s, the cluster
of islands started to emerge and near 1972, the islands got a
proper distinctive and sustainable landmass.
Timeline
1974 Afforestation Program started by
Forest Department.
1978 4 pair of spotted deer was freed
into the forest .
2001 Declared as a national park
2012 Declared as a protected area
(Kumar And Ghosh , 2012)

20. Bio Diversity Of
Nijhum Dwip
Among 152 floral species, 66 are tree species, 15 are
shrubs, 58 are herbs and 13 are climber species.
Trees: Gewa,Keora,Bean,Rhendi,
Koroi,Boroi,Piyara,Narikel,Bel,M
ehagani , Tentul etc
Shrubs: Hasna hena,
Raktajaba,Jhumkjaba, Deshi Jaba,
Gandharaj, Rangan,
Herbs: Nointara, Jangli Kachu.
Grasses: Durba, Lemon.
Freshwater plants: Shapla,
Helencha. :
Flora
(Rabbi , 2009)

21. Fauna
6 species of amphibians, 22 species of reptiles, 193 species
of birds, 17 species of mammals, 61 species of invertebrates
Reptiles: Dhora shap , Daraish, Pana shap,
Dumukha shap, Shankhani shap,
Gokhra shap.
Amphibians: Kuno Bang, Gecho Bang,
Sona Bang.
Resident Birds: Machranga, Kokil,Tia,
Laxmi Pencha, Jalali kobutor, Dahuk .
The man-made mangrove re-colonised various wildlife including,
jackal, otter, mongoose, rats, fishing cats, bats, monitor lizards,
snakes and birds. Forest department has introduced the spotted
deer, rhesus macaque and python from the Sundarbans mangrove
forest.(Daily Star , 2013)
(Rabbi , 2009)

22. Nijhum Dwip :The airport of migratory
birds
Nijhum Dwip is the national coastal biodiversity hotspot especially
for the migratory birds in Bangladesh.
The cluster of islets just off the central coast in Bay of Bengal is
the crossroads of two global migratory flyways:
1.The East-Asia-Australasia
2. The Central Asia.
This has been recognized by Birdlife International and Wetlands
International.(Daily Star , 2015)

23. Land Cover Change
Decrease
Marshy land 86%
Mud 46%
Mud with small
grass
44%
Bare Soil 24%
Increase
Agricultural land 26%
Medium Forest 45%
Forest 363%
Settlement 59%
The nijhum dwip forest area is experincing two
kinds of change simultaneously after starting
afforestation program in 1974
Rahman and Islam , 2011

24. Comparison Of NDVI (1990
and 2016)

25. Since ,Nijhum Dwip is a newly risen char land , all of it’s
forests are planted and most of the floras and faunas are
recolonised from sundarban .
It’s biodiversity is increasing
and even govt. has a plan to
introduce royal bengal tiger
from sunderban . This will
boost up the ammount of
tigers in the country as well
as to maintain the ecosystem
of the area .

26. In Bangladesh , the forest coverage is less than 10% now .As a result
, biodiversity is declining . Madhupur forest is not an exception too .
Madhupur forest has been destroyed for several reasons .
But on the contrary , nijhum dwip is developed as a reserve forest
from ground zero in a short period of time and the ammount of
flora and fauna is also increasing . This is because of proper
planning and implementation . To us , Nijhum dwip can be a model .
From the Nijhum dwip model we can increase our bio diveristy as
well as forest resources .
Conclusion

27. References
1. Abdullah, H.M., Mahbub, M.G., Rahman. M. M., Ahmed T.(2015) Monitoring Natural Sal Forest
Cover in Modhupur, Bangladesh using Temporal Landsat Imagery during 1972 –2015, International
Journal of Environment, 5(1):1-7, Bangladesh Environment Network Japan
2. Akondo, A, W, Rashid, S, M, A, and Stanford, C.B (1989)Capped Langur( Presbytis Piteatus) in
Madhupur National Park, in Karim, G,M,M, E, Akonda , A, W, and Sewitz, P (eds.) Conservation of
Wildlife in Bangladesh, Dhaka: German Cultural Institute/ Forest Department/ Dhaka University/
Wildlife Society of Bangladesh/ UNESCO, pp: 169-176
3. Gain, P. (2004) Modhupur Forest. Demise Is Imminent, Society for Environment and Human
Development (SEHD).
4. Green, M.J.B (ed.) (1990) IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas, United Kingdom: IUCN-
The World Conservation Union
5. IUCN (2008) What is a protected area, International Union of Conservation for Nature, retrieved
from> https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about, Accessed Date: 5 November, 2017
6. Mukul, S.A.(2007) Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development of Bangladesh: An
Overview of Present Status, Management Problems and Future Prospects, Department of Forestry
and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of
Technology, Sylhet
7. The Daily Observer (2017) Protected Areas of Bangladesh, The Daily Observer, November 21
8. The Daily Observer (2017) Wildlife facing extinction in Madhupur forest, The Daily Observer,
February 9
9. KHAIR, A. 2003. Vegetable. In: Banglapedia (Ed. Islam, S.). Asiatic Soc. Bangladesh. 10:
304-306.
10. KHAN, M.A.R. 1996. Bangladesher Bonnoprani (2nd vol, in Bengali). Bangla Academy Dhaka,
Bangladesh. 188 pp.

29. Serial Name Roll
1 Maliha Haque 1
2 Lutfunnesa 15
3 Afroza Khatun 18
4 Mahmuda Khatun 22
5 Rafia Iffat 24
6 Uma Banik 27
7 Nusrat Nowrin Apon 32
8 Md. Ashikur Rahman Khan 33
9 Akib Raihan 38
10 Nazrul Islam 41
11 Nahid Sultana Lubna 52
13 Md. Ripon Mia 111
Group Members