What is mechatronics Key elements of Mechatronics How the mechatronics system work Understand mechatronics system Understand measuring system Understand control system Benefit and drawback of mechatronics Application of mechatronics

1. Jimma University
Jimma Institute of Technology
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Course title: Introduction to mechatronics
Course No : MEng 5271
08-Jan-21 By Amanuel Diriba By: Amanuel Diriba

2. LECTURE – 1
Chapter one
Introduction to mechatronics
Objective of this lecture
At the end of this lesson you should understand the following points:
1. What is mechatronics
2. Key elements of Mechatronics
3. How the mechatronics system work
4. Understand mechatronics system
5. Understand measuring system
6. Understand control system
7. Benefit and drawback of mechatronics
8. Application of mechatronics
By: Amanuel Diriba
08-Jan-21 2By Amanuel Diriba

3. Chapter one
Introduction to mechatronics
LECTURE - 1
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4. 1. What is Mechatronics ?
 Mechatronics is composed of two words
 Mechatronics can be defined as the application of electronics and computer technology to
control the motions of mechanical systems.
 It is a multi- disciplinary approach to product and manufacturing system design.
 The word “Mechatronics” was first coined by a Japanese engineer in the year 1970s.
Mechanism Electronics
Mechatronics
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5. Cont…
 Mechatronics can be also defined as the synergistic integration of
mechanical engineering , with electronics and intelligent computer control
in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes.
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6.  Mechatronics Engineering
 The function of mechatronics engineer is :
 design and prepare the machines and programming them by using the
computer, control systems, electrical and mechanical system.
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7.  Disciplinary foundation of mechatronics
It concurrently includes all these disciplines.
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8. 2. Key elements of mechatronics
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
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9. A. Actuators:
• The Actuators produce motion or cause some action.
• Examples;-Solenoids, voice calls, DC motors, Stepper motor, servomotor, hydraulic,
pneumatic etc.
Solenoids.
DC motors
Stepper motor
Hydraulic and pneumatic
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10. B. Sensors:
The Sensors detect the state of the system parameters (inputs and
outputs) and changes it into a signal that can be processed by the
system.
Examples Switches, potentiometer, photoelectric, digital encoder, strain
gauge, thermocouple, accelerometer etc.
potentiometer digital encoder strain gauge thermocouple
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11. C. Input/output Signal conditioning and interfacing:
Input/output Signal conditioning and interfacing: provide connection between
the control system circuits and the input/output devices.
Example : Discrete circuits, Amplifiers, Filters, A/D, D/A
• Amplifiers- converts the low value of emf into higher value and thus , is termed
as the signal processor
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12. Need for digital signal
• Analog signal are continuous and time varying, whereas digital signals have only
two stages: high and low.
• Since computers and microprocessors require digital signals, any application
involving computer measurement or control requires analog to digital conversion.
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13. D. Digital control architecture
It is Digital devices that controls the system.
Examples;-Logic circuits, micro controller, SBC, PLC, sequencing and timing, Logic and
arithmetic, control algorithm, Communication etc..
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14. E. Graphical displays
Graphic Display: provide visual feed back to users.
Examples;- LEDs, Digital Displays, LCD, CRT
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15. How mechatronic system work?
Power input is given to actuator which
transform to mechanism to perform
specific task.
Sensors are connected to mechanism
to convert out put into signal or sense
out put variable and transfer into
electronic device and again it return to
actuator with reduced data.
power Actuator
Mechanism
sensor
Electronic
Device
Physical
signal
Physical
signal
Electronic
signal
Electronic
signal
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16. 3. Mechatronics System
 System
• A system may be defined as a black box which has an input and an output.
Example : MOTOR
Here, the input is the electric power and the output after processed by the system is rotation.
The system is motor.
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17. 3. Mechatronics System
 The term mechatronic system encompasses a many of devices and systems.
The Mechatronics system is classified into the following types
A. Measurement system
B. Control system
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18. A. Measurement system
• A measurement system can be defined as a black box which is used for
making measurements.
• It has the input as the quantity being measured and the output as a measured
value of that quantity.
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19. Cont…
 Elements of Measurement Systems:
• Measurement system consists of the following three elements.
a) Sensor b) Signal conditioner c) Display System
a) Sensor:
• A sensor consists of transducer whose function is to convert the one
form of energy into electrical form of energy.
• A sensor is a sensing element of measurement system that converts
the input quantity being measured into an output signal which is
related to the quantity
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20. Cont..
b) Signal Conditioner:
• A signal conditioner receives signal from the sensor and manipulates it into a
suitable condition for display.
• The signal conditioner performs filtering, amplification or other signal
conditioning on the sensor output.
ThermometerHeat emf
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21. Cont..
c) Display System:
• A display system displays the data (output) from the signal conditioner by
analog or digital.
• A digital system is a temporary store such as recorder.
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22. Example of Measurement System—Digital Thermometer
The thermocouple is a transducer that converts temperature to a small
voltage; the amplifier increases the magnitude of the voltage; the A/D
(analog-to-digital) converter is a device that changes the analog signal to a
coded digital signal; and the LEDs (light emitting diodes) display the value of
the temperature.
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23. B. Control systems
 Classification of control systems
1. Open loop
2. Closed loop
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24. I. Open loop control system
• One type of control system in which the output has no influence or effect on
the control action of the input signal is called an Open-loop system.
• An open-loop control system utilizes an actuating device to control the
process directly without using feedback.
• It is a one-way system that has no feedback to alter the machine's operation.
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25. Cont..
Examples of open loop control system
• Automatic washing machine
• Traffic signal system
• Home heating system (without sensing, feedback and control)
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26. II. Closed loop control system
• A closed loop control system is a set of mechanical or electronic devices
that automatically regulates a process variable to a desired state or set
point without human interaction.
 It senses the output of the system and adjust the control input using feedback
rules, which are based on how the system output deviates from the system
behaves.
 The feedback helps compensate for the differences, if the system behaves slightly
differently than the model.
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28. Example of closed loop control system
Using a radar to measure distance and velocity
To autonomously maintain desired distance
Between vehicles .
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30. 4. Objective of mechatronics system
1. Integration of mechanical systems with electronic and computer systems.
2. To improve efficiency of the system
3. To reduce cost of production.
4. To achieve high accuracy and precision
5. For easy control of the system.
6. Customer satisfaction and comfort.
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31. 5. Advantage and drawback of mechatronics
 Advantage of mechatronics
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32. Cont..
 Drawback of mechatronics
• High initial cost.
• Maintenance and repair may workout costly.
• Multidisciplinary engineering background required to design and
implementation.
• Need of highly trained workers.
• Complexity in identification and correction of problems in the system.
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33. 6. Application of mechatronics
 Office equipment
 Home application
 transportation application
 aviation, space and military application area
 mobile robotics application
 medical applications
Sport application
 Manufacturing (Robotics and Automated) application
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34. 1. Office equipment (e.g. Copy machine )
Photo copy machine
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35. Cont..
 An office copy machine consists of analog and digital circuits, sensors, actuators
and microprocessors.
 Analog circuits control the lamp, heater and other power circuits in the machine.
 Digital circuits controls the digital displays, indicator lights, buttons and switches
forming the user interface.
 Optical sensors and micro switches detects the presence or absence of the paper,
its proper positioning and whether or not doors and latches are in their correct
positions.
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36. Cont..
• Other sensors include encoders used to track the motor rotation.
• Actuators include servo and stepper motors that load and transport the paper,
turn the drum and index the sorter .
• Microprocessors coordinate all the functions in the machine
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37. Fax machine
Document and photo scanners
Computer disc drive
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38. 2.House hold application
• Smoke fire sensors can detect the smoke and fire
accidents and the given to the controller.
• Micro controller can activate the GSM ,buzzer.
• LCD can display the information given by the
controller .
• Finally the authorized person can also alert with the
message.
• Smoke detector
Block diagram
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39. Washing machine
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40. Cont.
• This machine have integrated sensors ,controllers and a
programmer to measure the load, fill with water and adjust
the temperature.
• Various programs are executed to agitate, wash, rinse and
spin dry.
• In some case they will even use hot air drying.
• The system uses solenoid valve to fill and drain the drum.
• It has level and temperature sensors ,weight sensor and
speed sensor.
• Depending on the program these are all processed to
activate the power control and speed of the motor.
System for an automatic washing machine
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41. Vacuum cleaners and robots
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42. Incredible robots
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43. Dish washer
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44. Garage door opener
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45. Home security systems and robots
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46. Entertainment centers
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47. 3.Transportation application
a. Vehicle application area
Safety
 Air bag
 Anti-lock breaking system
 Electronic stability controls
Comfort
 Door locks
 Key less entry system
 Heating system controls
 Seating positioning controls
Power train
 Engine control
 Fuel pump control
 Fuel sensing controls
 Gear box controls
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49. ANTILOACK BREAK SYSTM OPRATION PRINCIPLE
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50. Airbag safety system
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51. • Train Position and Velocity constantly
monitored from main command center.
• Error margin in scheduling no more than
30 seconds.
b. high Speed Trains
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52. c. Segway
Systems Uses
 Tilt and pressure sensors
 Microcontroller
 Motors
 Onboard power source
Advantages
• Simple and intuitive
personal
transportation device
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53. 4.Air transportation, space and military application area
a. Military application
In military application
– Bomb detection robot
– unmanned areal vehicle
– Drones
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55. b. Air transportation application
 integrated approach of mechatronics to develop
improved
 Flight control system
 Landing gear mechanisms
 Travelers comfort aids
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56. C. Space application
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57. 5.medical applications
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58. Pace makers
• Implantable Defibrillation
 Monitor the heart.
 If the heart fibrillates or stops Completely it will shock the heart at
high voltage to restore Normal heart rhythm.
•Used by patients with slow or erratic heart rates.
The pacemaker will set a normal heart rate when it
sees an irregular heart rhythm.
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60. 6.Sport application
• Automatically changes cushioning in shoe for different running styles
and conditions for improved comfort.
Running shoe
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61. 7.Manufacturing application area
 Centre lath machine is a mechatronic system. True or false?????
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62. a.CNC machines
• It is combination of lathe, miller and grinder.
• The work piece or/and cutting tools are moved by electric
,hydraulic or pneumatic actuators that can move them in 3D.
• The Tools have a microchip embedded in them that carries
information about their dimension.
• The computer checks them for wear and compensates for it
and replaces them with a new one when it is excessive.
It generally refers to cutting machine.
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63. CNC Machine
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64. b. automated assembly cell
• Robotic assembly gives flexibility such as being able
to switch various products or dealing with changes
to the product by changing the program.
• They typically have an integrated vision system that
allow more complex tasks such as orientation of
product or inspection of product.
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66. 8.Sanitation application
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