The 5th PPT presentation on the History of Language course. Thanks to Faisal Al Shehri and Ahmad Al Mansoor who made this. This is for pages 95-102 of the Old English chapter. Thank you both for your efforts.

1. OLD ENGLISH
THE OLD ENGLISH PERIOD (449-1100)

2. BRITAIN BEFORE THE ENGLISH:
• pre-old English existed in Europe to separate English from their
Germanic cousins. However, recording the history of English
started on the British Isles.
Britain before English:
- English migrated to Britain in 5th century
- Britain was already inhabited by Celts for centuries before
Julius Caesar invasion in 55 B.C.
- Emperor Claudius, a century later, invaded Britain and
changed it to Britannia as part of the Roman Empire.
- Celts kept their language but learned to speak the language of
the Roman rulers.
- Around 410 Roman legionnaires were withdrawn and Picts
from the north and Scots from the west attacked the Celts.
- They were supported by sea raiders called ‘Saxons’ -by the
Romans- and all attacked the Celts.

3. THE COMING OF THE ENGLISH:
- The Roman army included many non-Italians
(some Angles and Saxons)
- Britons (Celts) asked for help from Rome
against Picts and Scots.
- Around 449, more Angles, Saxons, Frisians
and Jutes arrived by boats from the Continent.
- Old English period began around that time.
- The term Anglo-Saxons used for either the
language or its speakers

5. - St. Augustine came at
the end of 6th century
to convert them to
Christianity.
- Britons (Celts) fled to
Wales
- Jutes settled in the
Southeastern part
- Saxons in the South
of the Thames
- Angles in the rest of
England roughly.

6. The English in Britain:
• Germanic settlement consisted of
7 Kingdoms:
Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia,
Mercia, Northumbria.

7. THE FIRST VIKING CONQUEST
- The Christian Germanic raiders who took
Britain by force were attacked by other
Germanic invaders (Vikings) in the 8th
century.
- In 865, Viking army landed in East Anglia
and gained Eastern part of England.
- 870, Vikings attacked Wessex, ruled by
Ethelred, his brother Alfred assisted him
and in 878, Alfred won signal victory.

8. - Viking were called Danes by the English
although there were Norwegians and
Swedens.
- Alfred’s son and grandsons (3 kings) were
able to consolidate England in the 10th
century.
THE SECOND VIKING CONQUEST:
- Later in 10th century troubles started again
with new Vikings raiders
- Danes settled and became neighbors with
English.
- Beowulf (OE poem concerned with
Scandinavians) moved English people
feelings towards those Danes.

9. SCANDINAVIANS BECOME ENGLISH:
- Changed feelings towards the
Danes.
- They belonged to the same family.
- Danes and English lived side by
side and settled.
- Old English and Old Norse
(Scandinavians language) had many
words in common.

10. OLD ENGLISH DIALECTS:
Four principal dialects were spoken in Anglo-Saxon
England.
- Kentish, in Kent.
- West Saxon, south of Thames.
- Mercian, in Wales. (Standard Modern English is
Mercian dialect)
- Northumbrian, north of Humber.

11. Thank You
فيصل الشهري ، أحمد المنصور