Submit Search
Upload
Enzymes
•
Download as PPT, PDF
•
3 likes
•
169 views
Ali Safaa97
Follow
enzymes, active site, substrate, etc...
Read less
Read more
Health & Medicine
Slideshow view
Report
Share
Slideshow view
Report
Share
1 of 23
Download now
Recommended
E 02 Factors affecting enzyme activity
E 02 Factors affecting enzyme activity
Dr. Santhosh Kumar. N
Enzymes revision
Enzymes revision
jacobsz
Cell Metabolism Part 2
Cell Metabolism Part 2
raj kumar
4 enzymes 2019
4 enzymes 2019
Ruba Salah
Enzymes
Enzymes
Jaya Kumar
Enzymes
Enzymes
careng9
Factors that affect Reaction Rates
Factors that affect Reaction Rates
Jm Lucena
Enzymes & chemical rxns
Enzymes & chemical rxns
amycote
Recommended
E 02 Factors affecting enzyme activity
E 02 Factors affecting enzyme activity
Dr. Santhosh Kumar. N
Enzymes revision
Enzymes revision
jacobsz
Cell Metabolism Part 2
Cell Metabolism Part 2
raj kumar
4 enzymes 2019
4 enzymes 2019
Ruba Salah
Enzymes
Enzymes
Jaya Kumar
Enzymes
Enzymes
careng9
Factors that affect Reaction Rates
Factors that affect Reaction Rates
Jm Lucena
Enzymes & chemical rxns
Enzymes & chemical rxns
amycote
2.4 enzyme
2.4 enzyme
OliviaMatney
Answers to Kinetic Questions
Answers to Kinetic Questions
ekozoriz
Reaction rates
Reaction rates
Siyavula
Collision theory and Boltzmann
Collision theory and Boltzmann
beckydaw
IGCSE 11.1.3
IGCSE 11.1.3
shaunoff
Rate of reaction chemical kinetics (condensed)
Rate of reaction chemical kinetics (condensed)
jslayer
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy Jaunpur.
Ch 9.3: Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions
Ch 9.3: Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions
Korrnell Academy: L Class Grade 8 Science
Energy and chem reactions in cells
Energy and chem reactions in cells
pcalabri
Hetrogenous reaction
Hetrogenous reaction
Jibran Ghumro
activation energy of biological system
activation energy of biological system
KAUSHAL SAHU
Enzymes
Enzymes
RichardBader
Enzymes
Enzymes
Fatima Saleh
Proyectos i idea y relato
Proyectos i idea y relato
Armando Henriquez
Trabajos incluidos en el blog Luis
Trabajos incluidos en el blog Luis
Luis Fernando Parra Peñaloza
Evidencias comunicacion
Evidencias comunicacion
Escuela Preparatoria Oficial
AperiNostrum
AperiNostrum
Sergio Balassone
UDELAS - Herramientas 2.0 - Daniel A. Dominguez
UDELAS - Herramientas 2.0 - Daniel A. Dominguez
UDELAS
Menjadi sekuat pasukan rasulullah
Menjadi sekuat pasukan rasulullah
salma banin
La ira
La ira
Maria Bravo
What makes a compound and allosteric modulator?
What makes a compound and allosteric modulator?
Gerard van Westen
Lecture 04.2014
Lecture 04.2014
Dr. Geoffrey K. K. Maiyoh
More Related Content
What's hot
2.4 enzyme
2.4 enzyme
OliviaMatney
Answers to Kinetic Questions
Answers to Kinetic Questions
ekozoriz
Reaction rates
Reaction rates
Siyavula
Collision theory and Boltzmann
Collision theory and Boltzmann
beckydaw
IGCSE 11.1.3
IGCSE 11.1.3
shaunoff
Rate of reaction chemical kinetics (condensed)
Rate of reaction chemical kinetics (condensed)
jslayer
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Kunwar Haribansh Singh College of Pharmacy Jaunpur.
Ch 9.3: Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions
Ch 9.3: Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions
Korrnell Academy: L Class Grade 8 Science
Energy and chem reactions in cells
Energy and chem reactions in cells
pcalabri
Hetrogenous reaction
Hetrogenous reaction
Jibran Ghumro
activation energy of biological system
activation energy of biological system
KAUSHAL SAHU
What's hot
(11)
2.4 enzyme
2.4 enzyme
Answers to Kinetic Questions
Answers to Kinetic Questions
Reaction rates
Reaction rates
Collision theory and Boltzmann
Collision theory and Boltzmann
IGCSE 11.1.3
IGCSE 11.1.3
Rate of reaction chemical kinetics (condensed)
Rate of reaction chemical kinetics (condensed)
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Ch 9.3: Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions
Ch 9.3: Energy Changes and Chemical Reactions
Energy and chem reactions in cells
Energy and chem reactions in cells
Hetrogenous reaction
Hetrogenous reaction
activation energy of biological system
activation energy of biological system
Viewers also liked
Enzymes
Enzymes
RichardBader
Enzymes
Enzymes
Fatima Saleh
Proyectos i idea y relato
Proyectos i idea y relato
Armando Henriquez
Trabajos incluidos en el blog Luis
Trabajos incluidos en el blog Luis
Luis Fernando Parra Peñaloza
Evidencias comunicacion
Evidencias comunicacion
Escuela Preparatoria Oficial
AperiNostrum
AperiNostrum
Sergio Balassone
UDELAS - Herramientas 2.0 - Daniel A. Dominguez
UDELAS - Herramientas 2.0 - Daniel A. Dominguez
UDELAS
Menjadi sekuat pasukan rasulullah
Menjadi sekuat pasukan rasulullah
salma banin
La ira
La ira
Maria Bravo
What makes a compound and allosteric modulator?
What makes a compound and allosteric modulator?
Gerard van Westen
Lecture 04.2014
Lecture 04.2014
Dr. Geoffrey K. K. Maiyoh
Biosafety
Biosafety
Ali Safaa97
Lecture 03.2014
Lecture 03.2014
Dr. Geoffrey K. K. Maiyoh
Celebrating Kenya
Celebrating Kenya
Dr. Geoffrey K. K. Maiyoh
Lecture 05.2014
Lecture 05.2014
Dr. Geoffrey K. K. Maiyoh
obesity diabetes and metabolic syndrome
obesity diabetes and metabolic syndrome
Dr. Geoffrey K. K. Maiyoh
Biotechnology - Inheritance and Breeding
Biotechnology - Inheritance and Breeding
Catherine Patterson
L E S G O T T A L E N T
L E S G O T T A L E N T
Gay Ibañez
Enzymes
Enzymes
Ladi Anudeep
Molecular diagnostics
Molecular diagnostics
Dr. Geoffrey K. K. Maiyoh
Viewers also liked
(20)
Enzymes
Enzymes
Enzymes
Enzymes
Proyectos i idea y relato
Proyectos i idea y relato
Trabajos incluidos en el blog Luis
Trabajos incluidos en el blog Luis
Evidencias comunicacion
Evidencias comunicacion
AperiNostrum
AperiNostrum
UDELAS - Herramientas 2.0 - Daniel A. Dominguez
UDELAS - Herramientas 2.0 - Daniel A. Dominguez
Menjadi sekuat pasukan rasulullah
Menjadi sekuat pasukan rasulullah
La ira
La ira
What makes a compound and allosteric modulator?
What makes a compound and allosteric modulator?
Lecture 04.2014
Lecture 04.2014
Biosafety
Biosafety
Lecture 03.2014
Lecture 03.2014
Celebrating Kenya
Celebrating Kenya
Lecture 05.2014
Lecture 05.2014
obesity diabetes and metabolic syndrome
obesity diabetes and metabolic syndrome
Biotechnology - Inheritance and Breeding
Biotechnology - Inheritance and Breeding
L E S G O T T A L E N T
L E S G O T T A L E N T
Enzymes
Enzymes
Molecular diagnostics
Molecular diagnostics
Similar to Enzymes
enzymes 1.ppt
enzymes 1.ppt
salman91742
Bio enzymes
Bio enzymes
venkatesh kashyap
Enzymes
Enzymes
UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
ENZYMES
ENZYMES
Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, Karnataka, INDIA
ENZYME BIOCHEMISTRY
ENZYME BIOCHEMISTRY
Naresh Panigrahi
1. Enzyme chemistrynnnnnnnnjjjnjnnnnn.ppt
1. Enzyme chemistrynnnnnnnnjjjnjnnnnn.ppt
AroojSheikh12
2017-2018محاضرات الانزيمات
2017-2018محاضرات الانزيمات
Mustafa Taha mohammed
Enzyme
Enzyme
SHIVANEE VYAS
Topic 4 chapter 5 part 2 enzymes - characteristics of enzymes
Topic 4 chapter 5 part 2 enzymes - characteristics of enzymes
Xu Jia Xian
Chapter 4 enzymes
Chapter 4 enzymes
Gracielle Danica Sabanal
3 Enzymes.pptx Enzymes, it's types and function
3 Enzymes.pptx Enzymes, it's types and function
AbdulGhayur1
ENZYMES.pptx
ENZYMES.pptx
Jayati Shrivastava
Enzyme Catalysis.pptx
Enzyme Catalysis.pptx
Aliya Fathima Ilyas
Enzymology ii factors affecting enzyme activity
Enzymology ii factors affecting enzyme activity
Hetal Doctor
Enzymes
Enzymes
MarielBioSci
Enzymes
Enzymes
Andleeb Sultana
enzymes_ppt.pptx111111111111111111111111111
enzymes_ppt.pptx111111111111111111111111111
marrahmohamed33
Section 1.2 enzymes
Section 1.2 enzymes
William Andrews
Enzymes, Structure, Classification and Mechanism Dr.Kamlesh shah, PSSHDA, KADI
Enzymes, Structure, Classification and Mechanism Dr.Kamlesh shah, PSSHDA, KADI
Dr.Kamlesh shah
Enzymes
Enzymes
HSE ZOOLOGY SHOWS
Similar to Enzymes
(20)
enzymes 1.ppt
enzymes 1.ppt
Bio enzymes
Bio enzymes
Enzymes
Enzymes
ENZYMES
ENZYMES
ENZYME BIOCHEMISTRY
ENZYME BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Enzyme chemistrynnnnnnnnjjjnjnnnnn.ppt
1. Enzyme chemistrynnnnnnnnjjjnjnnnnn.ppt
2017-2018محاضرات الانزيمات
2017-2018محاضرات الانزيمات
Enzyme
Enzyme
Topic 4 chapter 5 part 2 enzymes - characteristics of enzymes
Topic 4 chapter 5 part 2 enzymes - characteristics of enzymes
Chapter 4 enzymes
Chapter 4 enzymes
3 Enzymes.pptx Enzymes, it's types and function
3 Enzymes.pptx Enzymes, it's types and function
ENZYMES.pptx
ENZYMES.pptx
Enzyme Catalysis.pptx
Enzyme Catalysis.pptx
Enzymology ii factors affecting enzyme activity
Enzymology ii factors affecting enzyme activity
Enzymes
Enzymes
Enzymes
Enzymes
enzymes_ppt.pptx111111111111111111111111111
enzymes_ppt.pptx111111111111111111111111111
Section 1.2 enzymes
Section 1.2 enzymes
Enzymes, Structure, Classification and Mechanism Dr.Kamlesh shah, PSSHDA, KADI
Enzymes, Structure, Classification and Mechanism Dr.Kamlesh shah, PSSHDA, KADI
Enzymes
Enzymes
More from Ali Safaa97
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate
Ali Safaa97
Ammonia
Ammonia
Ali Safaa97
Types of Immunity and cells
Types of Immunity and cells
Ali Safaa97
Blotting techniques
Blotting techniques
Ali Safaa97
Sulfuric Acid Safety
Sulfuric Acid Safety
Ali Safaa97
Earthquake
Earthquake
Ali Safaa97
Volcanic Eruption
Volcanic Eruption
Ali Safaa97
Types of Rocks
Types of Rocks
Ali Safaa97
Types of Rocks
Types of Rocks
Ali Safaa97
Ethers, Epoxides, And Sulfides
Ethers, Epoxides, And Sulfides
Ali Safaa97
Chemistry Of Carbohydrates
Chemistry Of Carbohydrates
Ali Safaa97
Bio-gas plant
Bio-gas plant
Ali Safaa97
Pest control
Pest control
Ali Safaa97
Biological Control of Insects
Biological Control of Insects
Ali Safaa97
chemical processes Industry
chemical processes Industry
Ali Safaa97
Industrial chemistry
Industrial chemistry
Ali Safaa97
Environmental Biotechnology Samples
Environmental Biotechnology Samples
Ali Safaa97
General Important Notes of Biotechnology Written by Ali Safaa97
General Important Notes of Biotechnology Written by Ali Safaa97
Ali Safaa97
Immune Cells
Immune Cells
Ali Safaa97
Soil pollution
Soil pollution
Ali Safaa97
More from Ali Safaa97
(20)
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate
Ammonia
Ammonia
Types of Immunity and cells
Types of Immunity and cells
Blotting techniques
Blotting techniques
Sulfuric Acid Safety
Sulfuric Acid Safety
Earthquake
Earthquake
Volcanic Eruption
Volcanic Eruption
Types of Rocks
Types of Rocks
Types of Rocks
Types of Rocks
Ethers, Epoxides, And Sulfides
Ethers, Epoxides, And Sulfides
Chemistry Of Carbohydrates
Chemistry Of Carbohydrates
Bio-gas plant
Bio-gas plant
Pest control
Pest control
Biological Control of Insects
Biological Control of Insects
chemical processes Industry
chemical processes Industry
Industrial chemistry
Industrial chemistry
Environmental Biotechnology Samples
Environmental Biotechnology Samples
General Important Notes of Biotechnology Written by Ali Safaa97
General Important Notes of Biotechnology Written by Ali Safaa97
Immune Cells
Immune Cells
Soil pollution
Soil pollution
Recently uploaded
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
narwatsonia7
VIP Call Girls Pune Vani 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls Ser...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vani 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls Ser...
Miss joya
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
narwatsonia7
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
Miss joya
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Call Girls In Delhi Whatsup 9873940964 Enjoy Unlimited Pleasure
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
vidya singh
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
narwatsonia7
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Nehru place Escorts
Call Girls Cuttack Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Cuttack Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Dipal Arora
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
narwatsonia7
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call girls in Ahmedabad High profile
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
Miss joya
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
nehamumbai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Nehru place Escorts
Call Girl Number in Vashi Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Call Girl Number in Vashi Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
babeytanya
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Miss joya
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
Garima Khatri
Call Girls Service Bellary Road Just Call 7001305949 Enjoy College Girls Service
Call Girls Service Bellary Road Just Call 7001305949 Enjoy College Girls Service
narwatsonia7
Call Girls Colaba Mumbai ❤️ 9920874524 👈 Cash on Delivery
Call Girls Colaba Mumbai ❤️ 9920874524 👈 Cash on Delivery
nehamumbai
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
astropune
Recently uploaded
(20)
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
Bangalore Call Girls Nelamangala Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalore Esc...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vani 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls Ser...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vani 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls Ser...
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
Bangalore Call Girls Hebbal Kempapura Number 7001035870 Meetin With Bangalor...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
Russian Call Girls in Pune Tanvi 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call g...
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Russian Call Girls in Delhi Tanvi ➡️ 9711199012 💋📞 Independent Escort Service...
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
Call Girls Horamavu WhatsApp Number 7001035870 Meeting With Bangalore Escorts
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
VIP Call Girls Tirunelveli Aaradhya 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Tir...
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Vip Call Girls Anna Salai Chennai 👉 8250192130 ❣️💯 Top Class Girls Available
Call Girls Cuttack Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Cuttack Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
Call Girl Coimbatore Prisha☎️ 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Coimbatore
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
Call Girls Service Navi Mumbai Samaira 8617697112 Independent Escort Service ...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
VIP Call Girls Pune Vrinda 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girls S...
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Call Girls In Andheri East Call 9920874524 Book Hot And Sexy Girls
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girls Service Chennai Jiya 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Chennai
Call Girl Number in Vashi Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Call Girl Number in Vashi Mumbai📲 9833363713 💞 Full Night Enjoy
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
Low Rate Call Girls Pune Esha 9907093804 Short 1500 Night 6000 Best call girl...
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
VIP Mumbai Call Girls Hiranandani Gardens Just Call 9920874524 with A/C Room ...
Call Girls Service Bellary Road Just Call 7001305949 Enjoy College Girls Service
Call Girls Service Bellary Road Just Call 7001305949 Enjoy College Girls Service
Call Girls Colaba Mumbai ❤️ 9920874524 👈 Cash on Delivery
Call Girls Colaba Mumbai ❤️ 9920874524 👈 Cash on Delivery
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
♛VVIP Hyderabad Call Girls Chintalkunta🖕7001035870🖕Riya Kappor Top Call Girl ...
Enzymes
1.
ENZYMES Proteins with catalytic
properties © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
2.
Chemical reactions • Chemical
reactions need an initial input of energy = THE ACTIVATION ENERGY • During this part of the reaction the molecules are said to be in a transition state. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
3.
Reaction pathway (exothermic) ©
2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
4.
An endothermic reaction Activation energy Reactants Products Free energy Reaction
coordinate Transition state © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
5.
Making reactions go
faster • Increasing the temperature makes molecules move faster • Biological systems are very sensitive to temperature changes • Enzymes can increase the rate of reactions without the need to increase the temperature • They do this by lowering the activation energy • They create a new reaction pathway “a short cut” . © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
6.
An enzyme controlled
pathway Enzyme controlled reactions proceed 108 to 1011 times faster than corresponding non-enzymic reactions. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
7.
Enzyme structure • Enzymes
are proteins • They have a globular shape • A complex 3-D structure http://www.chem.ubc.ca/personnel/faculty/withers/group/grou p/begum/Human%2520Pancreati%2520Amylase% Human pancreatic amylase© 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
8.
The active site The
shape and the chemical environment inside the active site permits a chemical reaction to proceed more easily. DNA ploymerase © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
9.
Cofactors • An additional
non-protein molecule needed by some enzymes to help the reaction • Tightly bound cofactors are called prosthetic groups • Cofactors that are bound and released easily are called coenzymes • Many vitamins are coenzymes. Nitrogenase enzyme with Fe, Mo and ADP cofactors© 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
10.
The substrate • The
substrates of enzymes are the reactants that are activated by the enzymes • Enzymes are specific to their substrates • The specificity is determined by the active site. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
11.
The Lock and
Key Hypothesis Enzyme may be used again Enzyme- substrate complex E S E E P P Reaction E © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
12.
The Lock and
Key Hypothesis • Fit between the substrate and the active site of the enzyme is exact • Like a key fits into a lock very precisely • Enzyme-substrate complex formed • Products have a different shape from the substrate • Products are released from the active site • Leaving it free for another substrate molecule. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
13.
The Lock and
Key Hypothesis • This explains enzyme specificity • This explains the loss of activity when enzymes denature. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
14.
The Induced Fit
Hypothesis • Some proteins can change their shape (conformation) • Substrate + enzyme, induces a change in the enzyme’s conformation • Active site moulded to a precise conformation • The chemical environment is now suitable for the reaction • The bonds of the substrate are stretched to make reaction easier (lowers activation energy). © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
15.
The Induced Fit
Hypothesis This also how some enzymes can react with a range of substrates of similar types. Hexokinase (a) without (b) with glucose substrate © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
16.
Factors affecting Enzymes •
substrate concentration • pH • temperature • inhibitors. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
17.
Substrate concentration: Non-enzymic reactions The
increase in velocity is proportional to the substrate concentration. Reaction velocity Substrate concentration © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
18.
Substrate concentration: Enzymic
reactions • Faster reaction but it reaches a saturation point when all the enzyme molecules are occupied • Alter the concentration of the enzyme then Vmax will change too. Reaction velocity Substrate concentration Vmax © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
19.
The effect of
pH Optimum pH values Enzyme activity Trypsin Pepsin pH 1 3 5 7 9 11 © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
20.
The effect of
pH • Extreme pH levels will produce denaturation • The structure of the enzyme is changed • The active site is distorted and the substrate molecules will no longer fit in it • At pH values slightly different from the enzyme’s optimum value, small changes in the charges on the enzyme and it’s substrate molecules will occur • This change will affect the binding of the substrate with the active site. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
21.
The effect of
temperature • Q10 (the temperature coefficient) = the increase in reaction rate with a 10°C rise in temperature • For chemical reactions the Q10 = 2 to 3 • Enzyme-controlled reactions follow this rule as they are chemical reactions • BUT at high temperatures proteins denature • The optimum temperature for an enzyme controlled reaction will be a balance between the Q10 and denaturation. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
22.
The effect of
temperature Temperature / °C Enzyme activity 0 10 20 30 40 50 Increasing number of collisions (Q10) Denaturation Optimum © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
23.
The effect of
temperature • For most enzymes the optimum temperature is about 30°C • Many are a lot lower, cold water fish will die at 30°C because their enzymes denature • A few bacteria have enzymes that can withstand very high temperatures up to 100°C • Most enzymes however are fully denatured at 70°C. © 2017 Paul Billiet ODWS
Download now