2. Rock types
Rock types
Rocks have many different physical
Rocks have many different physical
characteristics. Some are different colour,
characteristics. Some are different colour,
weight etc. We divide them into groups
weight etc. We divide them into groups
according to how they were formed.
according to how they were formed.
1. Igneous Rocks.
1. Igneous Rocks.
2. Sedimentary Rocks.
2. Sedimentary Rocks.
3. Metamorphic Rocks.
3. Metamorphic Rocks.
3. Igneous Rock
Igneous Rock
These are rocks that were formed when
These are rocks that were formed when
hot, molten volcanic material (lava) cooled
hot, molten volcanic material (lava) cooled
down and became solid.
down and became solid.
Examples – Granite and Basalt.
Examples – Granite and Basalt.
4. Formation of Igneous Rock
Formation of Igneous Rock
Cooled
down under
the Earth’s
surface.
Cooled
down on
the earth’s
surface.
Magma Chamber
Vent
5. Igneous Rocks.
Igneous Rocks.
Granite
Granite.
.
Hard rock.
Hard rock.
Multi-coloured, pink, grey
Multi-coloured, pink, grey
with crystals of mica or
with crystals of mica or
quartz.
quartz.
Formed when magma
Formed when magma
cooled deep within the
cooled deep within the
earth;s crust.
earth;s crust.
Cooled slowly so large
Cooled slowly so large
crystals formed.
crystals formed.
Found in the Wicklow
Found in the Wicklow
Mountains.
Mountains.
Basalt.
Basalt.
Heavy rock.
Heavy rock.
Black in colour.
Black in colour.
Formed when lava cooled
Formed when lava cooled
on the earth’s surface.
on the earth’s surface.
Cooled quickly so no
Cooled quickly so no
crystals formed.
crystals formed.
Found at the Giant’s
Found at the Giant’s
Causeway.
Causeway.
11. Basalt at the Giant’s Causeway.
Basalt at the Giant’s Causeway.
12. Basalt at the Giant’s Causeway.
Basalt at the Giant’s Causeway.
13. Granite in the Dublin Mountains
Granite in the Dublin Mountains
14.
15. Igneous Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Across
Across
4. Basalt is found at the Giant's...
4. Basalt is found at the Giant's...
5. Molten Rock on the surface
5. Molten Rock on the surface
6. formed under the ground
6. formed under the ground
Down
Down
1. Granite is formed in the Dublin...
1. Granite is formed in the Dublin...
2. found on the surface
2. found on the surface
3. Molten Rock Underground
3. Molten Rock Underground
17. Sedimentary Rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks.
These are rocks that were formed from the
These are rocks that were formed from the
compressed remains of plants, animals
compressed remains of plants, animals
and other rocks.
and other rocks.
Examples – Limestone, Sandstone and
Examples – Limestone, Sandstone and
Coal.
Coal.
18.
19. Sedimentary Rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks.
Sandstone.
Sandstone.
Coarse Rock.
Coarse Rock.
Brown/Red in colour.
Brown/Red in colour.
Formed when sand
Formed when sand
grains were
grains were
compressed together
compressed together
over time.
over time.
Found in the
Found in the
Macgillicuddy’s
Macgillicuddy’s
Reeks.
Reeks.
20. Sedimentary rock – Limestone.
Sedimentary rock – Limestone.
Origin
Origin –
–
Made from the compressed remains of
Made from the compressed remains of
fish and other sea creatures. When they
fish and other sea creatures. When they
die their skeletons fall to the sea floor
die their skeletons fall to the sea floor
where they become cemented together to
where they become cemented together to
form solid rock.
form solid rock.
21. Characteristics of Limestone.
Characteristics of Limestone.
Laid down in horizontal layers or
Laid down in horizontal layers or strata.
strata.
The division between the layers are called
The division between the layers are called
bedding planes
bedding planes.
.
Vertical joints called
Vertical joints called joints
joints occur in limestone.
occur in limestone.
Limestone is
Limestone is permeable
permeable which means water
which means water
can pass through it.
can pass through it.
Contains many
Contains many fossils.
fossils.
Can be
Can be weathered
weathered easily.
easily.
27. Uses of Limestone.
Uses of Limestone.
Cement for the building industry.
Cement for the building industry.
Headstones in graveyards.
Headstones in graveyards.
Blocks of limestone to make buildings.
Blocks of limestone to make buildings.
Limestone chippings for road surfaces.
Limestone chippings for road surfaces.
Ground up limestone is used by farmers to
Ground up limestone is used by farmers to
fertilise the soil.
fertilise the soil.
31. Across
2. S__________ rocks
3. Preserved remains of life
5. Made from compressed sand
6. Layers in Sedimentary Rock
Down
1.Joints between Layers
4. Made from Compressed Remains of
Sea Creatures
32. Metamorphic Rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks.
These are rocks that were once Igneous
These are rocks that were once Igneous
or Sedimentary which changed due to
or Sedimentary which changed due to
great heat or pressure over time.
great heat or pressure over time.
Examples – Marble and Quartzite.
Examples – Marble and Quartzite.
33. Metamorphic Rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks.
Marble.
Marble.
Hard rock with
Hard rock with
crystals.
crystals.
Varies in colour –
Varies in colour –
white, red , green or
white, red , green or
black.
black.
Limestone changes
Limestone changes
into Marble.
into Marble.
Quartzite.
Quartzite.
Hard rock.
Hard rock.
Light coloured.
Light coloured.
Found at the Hill of
Found at the Hill of
Howth and the Great
Howth and the Great
Sugar Loaf.
Sugar Loaf.
Sandstone changes
Sandstone changes
to Quartzite.
to Quartzite.
37. Across
1.M...rocks
3. Can Change rocks
4. A Type of metamorphic rock
5. This rock changes to Quartzite
6. Can change rocks
Down
1.A type of metamorphic rock
2. One use for Marble
39. Quick Quiz
Quick Quiz
Igneous rocks were formed from particles of other rocks
Igneous rocks were formed from particles of other rocks
Metamorphic rocks are formed from metal
Metamorphic rocks are formed from metal
Basalt is an igneous rock
Basalt is an igneous rock
Fossils can often be found in Limestone
Fossils can often be found in Limestone
The Dublin Mountains were made from Sedimentary
The Dublin Mountains were made from Sedimentary
rock
rock
Crushed up limestone is used to make the concrete
Crushed up limestone is used to make the concrete
blocks in this classroom
blocks in this classroom
Quartzite is a sedimentary rock
Quartzite is a sedimentary rock
Diamonds are formed from lumps of coal
Diamonds are formed from lumps of coal
41. Extracting rocks.
Extracting rocks.
Rocks provide us with many natural
Rocks provide us with many natural
resources – energy resources and building
resources – energy resources and building
materials.
materials.
Rock based energy resources include
Rock based energy resources include
coal, oil, gas and peat.
coal, oil, gas and peat.
These are extracted by mining and
These are extracted by mining and
quarrying.
quarrying.
48. Name a use for...
Name a use for...
• Granite _____________________
• Basalt ______________________
• Sandstone __________________
• Limestone __________________
• Marble _____________________
• Quartzite ___________________
49. Quarries – for and against
Quarries – for and against
Imagine a quarry is going to be built beside your home. Can you think of 3
reasons why people would be in favour of it and 3 reasons why they would
be against it?
In Favour Against
