This document discusses valves and valve components. It describes common valve types including check valves, relief valves, control valves, and isolation valves. It also discusses valve motion types, actuators, and valve components. Actuator types covered include manual, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and smart positioners. The document also provides information on proportional valves, servo valves, solenoid valves, and auxiliary components used in pneumatic control systems like filters and boosters.

1. VALVES
ALI RAMADAN
2017

2. VALVES
1
2
3
4
5
Valve Functions
Valve Components
Valve Motion
Actuators
Utility

3. • Check Valve
• Allows fluid to flow in
only one direction to
avoid damage to main
equipment
• Relief or Safety
• Protects system from
overpressure
3
Prevent Flow
Reversal
4
Relief
• Isolation, On/Off, Shut
off
• Provide Completely on
or Completely off
1
Block Flow
• Control Valve
• Increase or Decrease
the amount of fluid flow
2
Throttle Flow
Valve
Functions

4. Valve
Components
Valve
Bonnet
Actuator
Seat
Stem
Plug Body

5. Valve
Motion
Sliding
[Linear]
Motion
• Gate
• Diaphragm
• Globe
Rotary
Motion
• Butterfly
• Ball
• Plug
Valve Motion

6. Actuator
PID Controller
6
Flow Factor Cv
5
1
2 Fail Modes
Actuator Types
Valve Characteristic
Action Types
3
4

7. Manual
Electrical
Pneumatic
Electro
Pneumatic
Hydraulic
Electro
Hydraulic
Actuator
Actuator Types
Positioner
Electronic
Smart
Positioner
Electro
Pneumatic
Positioner
Pneumatic
Positioner
I/P & P/P
SOL
Valve
Spring
with
Diaphragm
Piston
Solenoid
Valve
Proportional
Valve
Servo
Valve Diaphragm
with
Spring
Piston
Motorized
3ph
1ph
Hand
Wheel
Hand
Lever
Vane
Direction
Valve

8. Actuator
Solenoid Valve
Body
Spring
Directional Valve
[Spool / Poppet]
Port
Core
Coil
Socket

9. Actuator
Solenoid Valve
EN
DEN

10. Actuator
Solenoid Valve
 Definitions:
Port [way] Position [action] 1 3
4
2
4
Single Solenoid [spring offset]
Double Solenoid
1 3
4
2
4/3
1 3
2
3/2
ENERGIZE / DENERGIZE
DEN
EN
/ 2

11. Actuator
Solenoid Valve
Direct Acting
Direct Lift
Pilot Acting
1 3
4
2
1 3
4
2
Action Types

12. Actuator
Solenoid Valve
Positions
Normal Close
NC
Normal Open
NO
Universal
NC/NO
S V
O
S V
O
S/V S/V
O
S = Air Supply
V = Vent
O = Output

13. Actuator
Solenoid Valve
 Solenoid Types:
1 3
2
3/2
1
2
2/2
1 3
4
2
4/2
1 3
4
2
4/3
1 3
4
2
5/2
5
1 3
2
3/3
1 3
4
2
5/3
5

14. Actuator
Proportional Valve
Spool with V Notch Pilot Valve

15. Actuator
Proportional Valve
Proportional Coil A
Spool
Proportional Coil B
Spring
Body
With
V Notch
Spool with V Notch
Supply
Output 2
Output 1
Drain

16. Actuator
Proportional Valve
Spool
Main Valve
Pilot Valve
Proportional Coil
Pilot
Spring
Pilot Valve
Position feedback

17. Actuator
Proportional Valve

18. Actuator
Servo Valve
Two Stages Three Stages
P T
A B A B
T P
LVDT

19. Actuator
Servo Valve
Two Stages
 Stage 1
 Stage 2
Coils
Nozzle
Connector
Armature
Flapper
Sleeve
Spool
Orifice
P
Supply B
Output
A
Output
T
Return
Filters
Feedback Rod
Valve Body
Torque Motor
Flapper
Nozzle
Torque Motor
Spool
Sleeve
P T
A B

20. Actuator
Servo Valve
Three Stages
 Stage 1
 Stage 2
Pilot Valve
LVDT
Electronics Board
 Stage 3
Spool LVDT
Spring
Spring
Connector
Solenoid Coils
Spool
Pilot
Electronics Board
Spring Plate
Armature
Valve Body
A B
T P

21. Actuator
Servo Valve

22. Actuator
Fail Modes
Fail Open
FO
Fail Close
FC
Fail Lock
FL

23. Actuator
Action Types
Single Acting
•Direct Action
[ATC]
•Reverse Action
[ATO]
Double
Acting

24. Actuator
Valve Characteristic

25. Actuator
Flow Factor Cv
Cv : Flow Factor ( Value is number of U.S. gallons of 60⁰F water per minute )
Q : Flow expressed in U.S. gallons per minute (GPM)
ΔP : Pressure drop across the valve
P1 : Inlet pressure (psig)
P2 : Outlet pressure (psig)
G : Specific Gravity of the fluid
Liquid Applications:
𝐶𝑣 = 𝑄 ∗
𝐺
∆𝑃
Gas Applications:
Case 1:
If 0.53*P1<P2
𝐶𝑣 =
𝑄
1349
∗
460 + 𝑡 ∗ 𝐺
∆𝑃 ∗ 𝑃2
Case 2:
If 0.53*P1≥P2
𝐶𝑣 = 𝑄∗ 460 + 𝑡 ∗ 𝐺
704∗𝑃1
Cv : Flow Factor
Q : Flow expressed in Standard Cubic Feet per Hour (SCFH)
ΔP : Pressure drop across the valve
P1 : Inlet absolute pressure
P2 : Outlet absolute pressure
G : Specific Gravity of gas
t : Gas temp (⁰F )

26. Actuator
PID Controller

27. Utility Air Filter Regulator

28. Utility Volume Booster
Is used in pneumatic control valve which receives the
output signal from positioned and supply air pressure to
actuator to reduce opening and closing time of the
valve.

29. Utility Lock up Valve

30. Utility Snap Acting Relay
Trip Valve

31. Utility Positioner Transmitter

32. Utility Limit Switch
•Single Pole Single Throw
SPST
•Single Pole Double Throw
SPDT
•Double Pole Single Throw
DPST
•Double Pole Double Throw
DPDT

33. Utility Proximity Switch
Proximity
Sensor
Capacitive
Sensor
Inductive
Sensor
Magnetic
Sensor
Optical
Sensor
Ultrasonic
Sensor

34. Eng.ali.ramadan@gmail•com
3001@QEWC.com
Al i R a m a d a n