2. Course Objectives
At the end of this
workshop, you will be
able to:
1. Explain why JHAs are
important
2. Recognize how the JHA may be
a valuable training tool.
3. Know the five-step process
and complete a JHA.
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3. What is JHA?
A tool that focuses on job tasks as a way to
identify hazards BEFORE they occur.
Looks at potential hazards caused by:
– The task
– The tools or equipment used
– People – (the worker or management)
– The environment
– Material
AND, how the hazards can be eliminated or
reduced.
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6. Benefits of a JHA
Organized, systematic approach to Indentify
hazards
Indentify hazards, causes, and corrective actions.
Involves employees – increase their awareness
Standardizes operations based on acceptable safe
practices
Documents process to aid in:
– Accident investigation/analysis
– Accountability
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7. Regulatory Requirements
No current OSHA standard
OSHA provides guidelines on
Job Hazard Analysis
OSHA is likely to review your hazard
assessment program
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8. Performing a JHA
1. Prepare to conduct the JHA
2. Selecting the job to be analyzed
3. Breakdown the Job:
4. Identify & Describe the Hazards:
5. Recommend Controls:
6. Review JHA.
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9. Establishing JHA Team
• A Job Hazard Analysis requires the
cooperation of all parties involved that
includes:
– Safety Personnel /Professional
– Engineers-Technical Advisor
– Area Manager
– Supervisors-Frontline Personnel responsible for
making change
– Employee-Person most familiar with job
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11. Workshop 1: Team Approach
Form Teams
Elect a team leader _______________________
Select a spokesperson _______________________
Everyone is a recorder _______________________
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13. Prepare to conduct the JHA
1. Involve your employees.
2. Review your accident history.
3. Conduct a preliminary job review.
If any hazards exist that pose an immediate
danger to an employee’s life or health, take
immediate action to protect the worker.
4. List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs.
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14. Involvement of Employees
They have a unique understanding of the
job, and this knowledge is invaluable for
finding hazards.
Involving employees will help minimize
oversights, ensure a quality analysis.
Get workers to “buy in” to the solutions
because they will share ownership
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15. Hazard Awareness
When conducting a Job Safety Analysis you'll need to take a
fresh look at the way things are done at your work place.
Just because "We've been doing it this way for 20
years," doesn't mean that a hazard doesn't exist.
Accepting a risk or hazard is not the same as eliminating or
controlling it.
You'll need to take a comprehensive look at all possible
hazards with an open mind. (We'll suggest a way to rank the
hazards later.)
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17. Prioritization of JHA
Selecting a Job – consider the ff.
High frequency of accidents or near-misses
History of serious accidents or fatalities
Potential for serious harms
New jobs
Changes in procedures, standards, technology
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18. Risk Assessment
Conduct a risk Analysis to help
prioritize jobs
R = P x S
Risk is a function of probability, and
severity
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19. Risk Assessment
What is the probability?
• How likely will a worker be injured or become ill as a
result of an accident or exposure? (unlikely, likely,
very likely).
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20. Risk Assessment
Probability: the chance that worker will be
harmed
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10 Very high Is the most likely and expected result if employee enters
danger zone.
6 High Is quite possible, would not be unusual, has an even 50/50
chance.
3 medium Would be unusual sequence or coincidence
1 low Would be remotely possible coincidence. It has been
known to have happened
0.5 Very low Extremely remote but possible. Has never happened after
many years of exposure.
0.1 Improbable Practically impossible sequence or coincidence. Has
never happened when exposed
21. What is the severity?
• How serious will the injury or illness be as a result of
an accident or exposure? (minor, serious, death).
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22. Risk Assessment
Severity: How serious will the injury or illness be
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100 Catastrophe: Numerous fatalities
50 Serious Several fatalities;
30 High Fatality
20 Medium Extremely serious injury
10 Low Disabling injuries;
1 Minor Minor cuts, bruises, bumps; minor damage
23. Risk Assessment
Factors that increase risk
• The number of employees exposed
• The frequency and duration of
exposure
• The proximity of employees to the
point of danger
• Potential severity of the injury or illness
• Working at elevation
• Unreasonable workload
• Working under stress (hurry, fatigue,
illness, personal problems)
• Any form of distraction that takes focus
away from the job
• Lack of effective supervisor and
employee accountability, enforcement
• Lack of proper training of managers,
supervisor, employees
• Lack of adequate supervision
• Improper or inadequate workplace
design
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25. Work shop 2: Risk Assessment
Task 1: Painting outside wall of one storey
building
Task 2: Replacing flat tire. The car is parked on
level ground, at the company parking lot.
Task 3: Replacing busted fuse of main panel of
electrical outlet.
Direction: Prioritize task for JHA by using risk
analysis
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30. Breakdown the Job: Outline the Steps
• Watch the employee perform the job and list
each step as the worker takes it.
• Be sure to record enough information to
describe each job action without getting
overly detailed.
• Avoid making the breakdown of steps so
detailed that it becomes unnecessarily long or
so broad that it does not include basic steps.
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31. Breakdown the Job: Outline the Steps
• Review the job steps with the employee to
make sure you have not omitted something.
• Include the employee in all phases of the
analysis—from reviewing the job steps and
procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards
and recommended solutions.
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32. Breakdown the Job: Outline the Steps
Two of the most common errors made during
this stage:
• Describing the Job in too much details
• Describing the step in too detail.
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34. Workshop 3: Identifying Basic Job
Steps
Task Description: As you leave from work today,
you discover that your car has a flat tire. The
car is parked on level ground, and the parking
is already set. The bumper jack and the spare
tire are both in good condition and stored in
the car’s trunk.
Direction: Breakdown and Identify the Basic Job
Steps
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36. Hazards
Is the potential to cause harm to a person or to
the natural environment
A condition or practice with the potential for
accidental loss.
– Substandard Condition (unsafe Condition)
– Substandard Acts (unsafe Acts)
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37. Identify the Hazards
• The physical actions required for that specific
steps
• The Materials used
• The Equipment used
• The Conditions under which the steps is
normally performed
• Physical Actions
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38. Identify & Describe the Hazards
• A job hazard analysis is an exercise in
detective work. Your goal is to discover the
following:
– What can go wrong?
– Where it is happening (environment)?
– What are the consequences?
– How could it arise?
– What are other contributing factors?
– How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
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39. Exposure
Exposure usually refers to an employee's placement
relative to the hazard’s “danger zone.” If the
employee is within the danger zone, the employee is
exposed. There are two general types of exposure:
Physical exposure. When the person is generally
within arm’s length.
Environmental exposure. Due to e.g. noise,
hazardous atmospheres, temperature extremes.
Could be everyone in facility.
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40. Identify & Describe the Hazards
Don't forget to look for
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potential hazards
41. Don't forget to look for potential
hazards
To ensure that all hazards
associated with a step are
identified, analyze each step
to identify potential as well as
actual hazards produced by
both work environment and
the activity being performed.
Be sure to consider the
following:
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42. Be sure to consider the following:
Is there danger of striking against, being struck by, or otherwise making
harmful contact with an object?
Can the worker be caught in, by, or between objects?
Is there potential for a slip or trip?
Can the employee fall from one level to another or even on the same
level?
Can pushing, pulling, lifting, lowering, bending, or twisting cause strain?
Is the work environment hazardous to safety or health?
Are there concentrations of toxic gas, vapor, fumes, or dust?
Are there potential exposures to heat, cold, noise, or ionizing radiation?
Are there flammable, explosive, or electrical hazards?
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43. Identify the Hazards: “ What If?”
Questions
• What if Question allows the team to
anticipate hazardous situations that might
occur if normal operating conditions were
suddenly changed or if a job step were to be
performed incorrectly or out of sequence.
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44. Common problems When Asking What
if?
Deciding when to stop considering possibilities
Solutions:
• Keep the discussion focused only on possibilities
that the team considers most likely
• Consults previous JHA and accident investigation
reports
• Talk with experienced operators
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46. Workshop 4: Identify and Describe
Hazards
Task Description: As you leave from work today,
you discover that your car has a flat tire. The
car is parked on level ground, and the parking
is already set. The bumper jack and the spare
tire are both in good condition and stored in
the car’s trunk.
Direction: List all possible Hazards associated
to its basic steps you listed
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47. Control Method Hierarchy
Proper remedial method order:
• Engineering controls
– Elimination
– Substitution
– Isolation
• Administrative controls
• Personal protective
equipment
Combinations of Controls
Combinations of Controls may
need to be used if the hazard can't
be completely controlled by
engineering controls alone.
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48. Engineering Controls
• Engineering controls include the following:
– Elimination/minimization of the hazard
– Substitution of equipment or process to
decrease hazard
– Isolation of the hazard with interlocks,
machine guards, blast shields, or other
means; and
– Removal or redirection of the hazard such
as with local and exhaust ventilation.
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49. Administrative Controls
• Administrative controls include the
following:
– Written operating procedures, work
permits, and safe work practices;
– Exposure time limitations (used most
commonly to control heat stress and
ergonomic hazards);
– Monitoring the use of highly
hazardous materials;
– Alarms, signs, and warnings;
– Buddy system; and training
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50. PPE
• Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable
as a control method in the following
circumstances:
– When engineering controls are not feasible
or do not totally eliminate the hazard;
– While engineering controls are being
developed;
– When safe work practices do not provide
sufficient additional protection; and
– During emergencies when engineering
controls may not be feasible.
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53. Workshop 5: Hazards Control
Task Description: As you leave from work today,
you discover that your car has a flat tire. The
car is parked on level ground, and the parking
is already set. The bumper jack and the spare
tire are both in good condition and stored in
the car’s trunk.
Direction: Evaluate hazard and Recommend
Controls
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55. Review JHA
Periodically reviewing your job hazard analysis
ensures that it remains current and continues
to help reduce workplace accidents and
injuries.
It is particularly important to review your job
hazard analysis if an illness or injury occurs on
a specific job.
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56. Review JHA
.
Any time you revise a job hazard analysis, it is
important to train all employees affected by
the changes in the new job methods,
procedures, or protective measures adopted.
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58. Use the JHA
• as a lesson plan
– When training new employees
– Writing safe procedure,
• to dig up the roots
– When conducting incident/
accident investigation/ analysis
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60. Review Questions
1. OSHA currently has a required standard
on job hazard analysis. True or False
2. A JHA is a method of ________ hazards, a means
of ________ down the job, as well as a system to
help employees understand __________.
3. A priority system is valuable for effective
JHA. True or False
4. Job hazard analysis is much more effective
if only one person performs it to eliminate
confusion. True or False
5. The three elements of a typical operation are
_____________, _____________, and _____________.
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61. Review Questions
6.The hierarchy to use for control measures in
order,
is engineering controls, administrative controls,
and personal protective equipment. True or False
7.The number-one priority for job hazard
analysis are jobs where injuries or accidents
have occurred. True or False
8. Name two of the benefits of job hazard analysis.
9. Job Hazard Analysis is sometimes
referred to as Job Safety Analysis. True or False
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64. Basic Job Steps
1. Remove a jack, spare tire, and the lug wrench
from the trunk.
2. Loosen lug nuts
3. Raise jack
4. Remove flat tire
5. Install spare tire
6. Lower jack
7. Tighten lug nuts
8. Place the flat tire and lug wrench in trunk
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