Safe Operating Procudures, Risk Management.

1. Safe Operating Procedures
Neeraj B. Pattani

2. Safe Operating procedures.
• Hazard identification.
• Risk assessment.
• Job safety analysis.
• Tool box talk.
• Post-incident review.
• Reporting/recording hazards, incident, defects, etc.
• Code on Regulations for Safe and Environmentally
Sound Ship Recycling

3. Hazard Identification

4. 12 Different types to identified hazards
1. Brainstorming
2. Survey
3. Interview
4. Working Group
5. Experiential knowledge
6. Documented Knowledge
7. Risk Lists
8. Risk Trigger Questions
9. Lessons Learned
10. Outputs from Risk-Oriented Analysis
11. Historical Information
12. Engineering Templates

5. 1. Brainstorming
Is a technique that is best accomplished when the approach is
unstructured (the facilitator encourages random inputs from
the group). Group members verbally identify risks that
provide the opportunity to build on others’ ideas. To achieve
the desired outcome, it is essential to select participants that
are familiar with the topics discussed, relevant documentation
is provided and a facilitator that knows the risk process leads
the group.

6. 2. Survey
A technique where lists of questions are developed to seek
out risk in a particular area. A limitation of this method is that
people inherently don't like to complete surveys and may not
provide accurate information. The value of the surveys may be
difficult to determine due to subjectivity in the answers or
because of the focus of the questions themselves

7. 3. Interviews
An effective way to identify risk areas. Group interviews can
assist in identifying the baseline of risk on a project.
The interview process is essentially a questioning process.
It is limited by the effectiveness of the facilitator and the
questions that are being asked.
The interview can be conducted before or after the brainstorming
session. However if it is accomplished before the brainstorming session, the
results should be shared with the group after they have provided their input to
the risk list. If the interview (s) are completed after the brainstorming session
has been completed, the list of risks should be provided to all participants for
comment before they are added to the risk list.

8. 4. Working Groups
Great way to analyze a particular area or topic in a discussion
process to identify risks that may not be obvious to the risk
identification group. The working group is usually a separate
group of people working a particular area within the project
that is conducting the risk identification.

9. 5. Experiential Knowledge
The collection of information that a person has obtained
through their experience. Caution must be used when using
any knowledge based information to ensure it is relevant and
applicable to the current situation.

10. 6. Documented Knowledge
The collection of information or data that has been
documented about a particular subject. This is a source of
information that provides insight into the risks in a particular
area of concern. Caution must be used when using any
knowledge based information to ensure it is relevant and
applicable to the current situation.

11. 7. Risk Lists
Lists of risks that have been found in similar vessel and/or
similar situations. Caution must be used when using this type
of information to ensure it is relevant and applicable to the
current situation.

12. 8. Risk Trigger Questions
Lists of situations or events in a particular area of a
municipality that can lead to risk identification. These are
situations or areas where risks have been discovered while
previous ship breaking. These trigger questions may be
grouped by areas such as performance, confine spaces,
trapped gas zone, flammable areas, etc.

13. 9. Lessons Learned
Experiential knowledge that has been organized into
information that may be relevant to the different areas within
the organization. This source of information may guide you in
identifying risk in vessel. Caution must be used when using
this type of information to ensure it is relevant and applicable
to the current situation.

14. 10. Outputs from Risk-Oriented
Analysis
There are various types of risk oriented analysis. Two such
techniques are fault tree analysis and event tree
analysis. These are top down analysis approaches that
attempt to determine what events, conditions, or faults could
lead to a specific top level undesirable event. This event with
the associated consequence could be a risk for your program.

15. 11. Historical
Information
Is basically the same as documented knowledge.
The difference is that historical information is
usually widely accepted as fact.

16. 11. Engineering Templates
Are a set of flow charts for various aspects of the
development process. These templates are preliminary in
nature and are intended as general guidance to accomplish a
top down assessment of activities.

17. Risk
Management
Assess
Risk &
Determine
Needs
Monitor
&
Evaluate
Implement Policies,
control &
Promote Awareness

18. Risk Assessment

19. Risk Assessment
• Risk Probability and Impact assessment
• Probability and impact matrix
• Risk categorization
• Risk urgency assessment
• Expert judgment

20. Risk Probability and Impact assessment
Investigating the likelihood that each specific risk will occur
and the potential effect on a project objective (negative
effects for threats and positive effects for opportunities),
defining it in levels, through interview or meeting with
relevant site worker and documenting the results.

21. Probability and impact matrix
Rating risks for further quantitative analysis using a probability
and impact matrix, rating rules should be specified by the
company in advance.

22. Probability and impact matrix

23. Risk categorization
In order to determine the areas of the project most exposed to
Hazards or the effects of uncertainty. Grouping risks by
common root causes can help us to develop effective risk
responses.

24. Risk urgency assessment
In some qualitative analyses the assessment of risk urgency
can be combined with the risk ranking determined from the
probability and impact matrix to give a final risk sensitivity
rating. Example- a risk requiring a near-term responses may be
considered more urgent to address.

25. Expert judgment
Individuals who have experience with similar project in the not
too distant past may use their judgment through interviews or
risk facilitation workshops.

26. Job Safety Analysis

27. Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps integrate
accepted safety and health principles and practices into a
particular task or job operation. In a JSA, each basic step of the
job is to identify potential hazards and to recommend the
safest way to do the job.

28. Four basic stages in conducting a (JSA)
• Selecting the job to be analyzed
• Breaking the job down into a sequence of steps
• Identifying potential hazards
• Determining preventive measures to overcome these hazards

29. Selecting the job to be analyzed
Factors to be considered in setting a priority for analysis of jobs include:
• Accident frequency and severity: jobs where accidents occur frequently
or where they occur infrequently but result in disabling injuries.
• Potential for severe injuries or illnesses: the consequences of an accident,
hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful substance are potentially
severe.
• Newly established jobs: due to lack of experience in these jobs, hazards
may not be evident or anticipated.
• Modified jobs: new hazards may be associated with changes in job
procedures.
• Infrequently performed jobs: workers may be at greater risk when
undertaking non-routine jobs.

30. Breaking the job down into a sequence of steps
After a job has been chosen for analysis, the next stage is to break the job
into steps. A job step is defined as a segment of the operation necessary to
advance the work. See examples below.
Care must be taken not to make the steps too general. Missing specific steps
and their associated hazards will not help. if they are too detailed, there will
be too many steps. A rule of thumb is that most jobs can be described in less
than ten steps.

31. Breaking the job down into a sequence of steps
This part of the analysis is usually prepared by knowing or watching a worker do the job.
The observer is normally the immediate supervisor.

32. Identify Potential Hazards
After the basic steps have already been recorded, more attention can now be
focused on each potential hazards. At this stage, no attempt is made to solve
any problems which may have been detected.

33. Identify Potential Hazards
To help identify potential hazards, the job analyst may use questions such as
these ( this is not a complete list):
• Can any body part get caught in or between objects?
• Do tools, machines, or equipment present any hazards?
• Can the worker make harmful contact with moving objects?
• Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?
• Can the worker suffer strain from lifting, pushing, or pulling?
• Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?
• Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?
• Is there a danger from falling objects?
• Is lighting a problem?
• Can weather conditions affect safety?
• Is harmful radiation a possibility?
• Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or caustic substances?
• Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapors in the air?

34. Identify Potential Hazards
Potential hazards are listed in the middle column of the worksheet,
numbered to match the corresponding job step. For example:

35. Determine Preventive Measures
The final stage in a JSA is to determine ways to eliminate or control the
hazards identified. The generally accepted measures, in order of preference,
are:
• Eliminate the hazard
• Contain the hazard
• Revise work procedures
• Reduce the exposure

36. Eliminate the hazard
This is the most effective measure. These techniques should be used to
eliminate the hazards:
• Choose a different process
• Modify an existing process
• Substitute with less hazardous substance
• Improve environment (ventilation)
• Modify or change equipment or tools

37. Contain the hazard
If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be
prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker booths
or similar devices.

38. Revise work procedures
Consideration might be given to modifying steps which are
hazardous, changing the sequence of steps, or adding
additional steps (such as locking out energy sources).

39. Reduce the exposure
These measures are the least effective and should only be
used if no other solutions are possible. One way of minimizing
exposure is to reduce the number of times the hazard is
encountered. The use of appropriate special personal
protective equipment may be required.

40. The recommended measures are listed in the right hand
column of the worksheet, numbered to match the hazard in
question. For example:

41. Information should
be available to all
Once the analysis is completed, the results must be communicated to all
workers who are, or will be, performing that job. The side-by-side format
used in JSA worksheets may not be an ideal one for instructional
purposes.
Better results can be achieved by using a narrative-style communication
format. For example…

42. Information should be available to all
For example…, the work procedure based on the partial JSA developed as an example
in this document might start out like this:
1. Confined Space – No. 121
• To avoid gas explosion or inhaling harmful gas link, open all the available
outlets to ventilate the confined space as much as possible.
• Lighten the Confine space appropriately So that one can see the interior
of the confined space
• Check the firmness of the flooring to avoid the falling apart.
2. Remove Moveable parts
• Wear Safety Gear PPE to avoid any injuries while lifting moveable objects.
3. Dismantling the space using gas cutting techniques
• Gas cutting torch and other accessories should be thoroughly checked to
prevent any accidents.
4. And so on.

43. Sample
form for Job
Safety
Analysis
Worksheet

44. Sample
forms for
Tasks and
Job
Inventory

45. Sample
forms for
Tasks and
Job
Inventory

46. Tool box talk

47. Tool box talk
A toolbox talk is a short safety talk, normally delivered at the
workplace (not a training room) and on a specific subject matter. It
should be short ( 5 – 10 minutes) and too the point with a specific
safety message.
The objective is to raise awareness of a particular aspect of the
work but to do it on a regular basis so that the good safety
message is reinforced. Attendance should be recorded.

48. Post-incident review

49. Post-incident review
The post-incident review is one of the most neglected element of crisis
management but one of the most crucial. It evaluates the organization's
response to an incident and should be used to determine strengths and to
identify and correct weaknesses. It covers the following key areas:
• What can be learned from the incident?
• What can be done to avoid repeating mistakes?
• How do you determine what is and is not working?
• What are the implications of the incident not only on you,
but on your customers, employees, reputation and industry?
• Are revisions required to plans and procedures?

50. Reporting/recording hazards,
incident, defects, etc.

51. Reporting/recording hazards,
incident, defects, etc.
One should listen & categorized that particular mishap
and term under following cases to gauge and review the safety measures:-
• Accident
• Injury
• Work-related
• Workplace Incidents
• Notifiable death
• Serious injury / serious bodily injury
• Dangerous Occurrence
• Near Miss
• Hazards

52. Reporting/recording hazards, incident, defects, etc. – contd.
Any Accident, incident or near miss involving workers/ or visitor must be reported using an Accident
and Incident Report Form. When reporting incident involving workers/ or visitor , the following
procedures are recommended for Implementation:
1. Worker/or Visitor completes form or if incident occurs during a recycling work at
site, the supervising staff member ensures that the Accident and Incident Report
Form is completed.
2. Worker/or Visitor signs form and if first-aid is tendered then treating the First Aid
officer signs the Accident/Incident Report form as well.
3. Original copy is to be forwarded to Company/Govt. Data Base centre, Photo Copies
of the form should be given to the worker/or visitor.
4. Safety Officer assess whether incident is reported to WorkCover and /or if further
investigation required.
5. Investigate incident if required.
6. Investigation report should be forwarded to Safety Officer, Company, Govt. body
7. Responsible parties action investigation recommendations
if and when required.
8. Concern personal should analyze incidents.

53. Thank you
Neeraj Pattani