Here, visitors will learn about El Nino, La Nina, ENSO and their impact on South American regions and Australia and South Asian regions.

1. Welcome to Our Presentation
Presentation Topic: El Nino-Southern
Oscillation
Presented by Al-Nure Mubin

2. El Nino-Southern Oscillation Cycle:
✔ The ENSO cycle is a scientific term that describes the fluctuations
in temperature between the ocean and atmosphere in the east-
central Equatorial Pacific.
✔ It is an irregular periodic version in winds and sea surface
temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific ocean.
✔ It is a large scale climatic phenomenon that affects the global
climatic pattern.
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3. El Nino-Southern Oscillation Cycle:
✔ The term ENSO is the combination of-
1. El-Nino and
2. La Nina
✔ El Niño and La Niña episodes typically last nine to 12 months, but some
prolonged events may last for years. They often begin to form between
June and August, reach peak strength between December and April, and
then decay between May and July of the following year.
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5. What is El Nino:
✔ El Niño means The Little Boy, or Christ Child in Spanish and it is the
Warm phase of ENSO.
✔ El Niño was originally recognized by fishermen off the coast of South
America in the 1600s, with the appearance of unusually warm water in
the Pacific Ocean.
✔ The term El Niño refers to the large-scale oceanatmosphere climate
interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures
across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific. 5

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El Nino is a climatic pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface
waters along the tropical west coast of South America. The diagram illustrates
the eastward movement of winds across the Pacific in Red.

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Signs of an El Nino:
1. Rise in air pressure in the Indian Ocean, Indonesia, and Australia.
2. A fall in air pressure over Tahiti and the rest of central and eastern Pacific
Ocean.
3. The trade winds in the South Pacific weakened or headed east.
4. Warm air rises in Peru and other regions of South America.
5. Warm water spreads from the West Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the East
Pacific. It takes the rain with it, causing rainfall in normally dry areas and
drought in normally wet areas.

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The Effects of El Nino:
Wet Winter in South East
USA
Drought in Australia and
Indonesia
Flood in South America that
areas are typically dry

10. ✔ La Nina means ‘The Little Girl’ in Spanish. It’s also sometimes called ‘El
Veijo’, ‘anti-El Nino’, or a cold event.
✔ La Niña episodes represent periods of below-average sea surface
temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific. Global climate La
Niña impacts tend to be opposite those of El Niño impacts. In the tropics,
ocean temperature variations in La Niña also tend to be opposite those of El
Niño.
What is La Nina:
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11. What causes La Nina:
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La Nina is caused by a build
up of cooler than normal
water in the tropical of
pacific, the area of the
Pacific Ocean between the
Tropic of Cancer and the
Tropic of Capricorn.

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Signs of an La Nina:
The first sign of an emerging La Nina event are often observed in the ocean.
The indicator sings including:
1. Short-term bursts of tropical rainfall activity.
2. Increase Hurricane activities in Atlantic.
3. The strength of the trade winds higher in the atmosphere ocean currents.
4. Decrease in air pressure in Asia, Australia.
5. Net result is drought in the Americas and rainfall in Asia region.

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The Effects of La Nina:
Increased rainfall in
southeast Asia
Catastrophic flood in Australia
Drier than normal condition
over central and eastern
Pacific.