3. El NiñoSouthern Oscillation
Used to describe the interaction
between the ocean and the
atmosphere during the warm event and
the associated changes in the rainfall,
atmospheric pressure, wind, etc.
4. El NiñoSouthern Oscillation
• Change in the atmospheric pressure associated with
this warming
• “See saw” in sea level pressure across east and west
pacific ocean
• Measure of the atmospheric circulation systems over
the pacific ocean in terms of the difference in
standardized pressure anomalies over Tahiti and
Darwin
5. Southern Oscillation
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)
Measure of these changes
Average difference in sea level pressure in the Eastern and
Western Equatorial Pacific, which reflect the atmospheric
condition
6. El NiñoSouthern Oscillation
• Refers to the warming of the ocean in the eastern equatorial and
central pacific, the area bounded by the four Nino regions (Nino 4,
Nino 3.4, Nino 3, Nino 1+2) within 50 degrees North and South of
the equator
• Drier than normal condition
• Occurs within 3-4 years
El Nino SOI = negative (-)
High pressure area is in the Western Pacific (Philippines) and low pressure is in
the Eastern Pacific
7. × El Nino is characterized by a positive sea surface
temperature departure from normal in the Nino 3.4
region.
× The driving force of El Nino is the weakening of the
trade winds that push the warm water towards the
eastern side forming a warm water pool in the
tropical east pacific ocean
× This condition translates into El Nino, giving the
country warm and drier conditions specifically
higher temperatures.
8.
9. × With all the extra heat at the surface of
the Pacific Ocean, energy is released
into the atmosphere, causing an overall
warming of the climate
temporarily. Years Niño
occurs tend to
global
in which El
feature higher
temperatures across the globe.
1)
10. × With an increase in droughts
on the western side of the
equatorial Pacific, GDP in the
countries in that area tend to
drop during the El Niño cycle.
11. Fish either migrate to other regions or die during an
El Niño because they lack adequate food for growth
and survival. When fish have migrated or reduced in
number, other aquatic creatures namely the sea
birds and seals that feed on the fish are also
affected.
12. × As much as El Niño presents
differently from one occasion
to another, the surest
characteristic is that it creates
tremendous
weather
changes in
patterns. On
in
this may result
dry spells and
occasion,
extreme
drought.
