Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
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Transformation of sentences ( Simple, Complex, Compound)
1. SL No
Content Page
1. Simple to Complex 1-5
2. Simple to Compound 6-10
3. Compound to Simple 10-15
4. Compound to Complex 15-19
5. Complex to simple 20-25
6. Complex to Compound 26-30
7. Shortcuts 31
8. Additional 32-33
2. 1
Transformation of sentences
(Simple -Complex)(Simple - Compound)
(Compound -Simple ) ( Compound -Complex ) (Complex -Simple ) ( Complex -Compound )
Transformation: Simple to Complex - English Grammar
( āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻŖ )
Simple sentence āĻāĻ Complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻžā§ āĻāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻŋā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming Simple sentence to Complex sentence are discussed below.
Simple, Complex, āĻāĻŦāĻ Compound sentence - transformation āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽāĻā§āĻ˛ ā§ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻŋā§ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ phrase āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻā§ āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻŖā§āĨ¤
Clause āĻāĻŦāĻ phrase āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ˛āĻ§ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§ā§āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ - āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ clause āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ phrase āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻŋ verb āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŋā§. phrase āĻ participle,
gerund, infinitive, āĻāĻ¤ā§ā§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻŋ verb āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŋā§. simple sentence āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ phrase āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻāĨ¤
āĻ¨āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ complex āĻāĻŦāĻ compound sentence āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ āĻĨā§ā§ā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§ simple sentence āĻ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽā§ā§
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻāĨ¤
Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)
Simple â By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ study āĻāĻ present participle āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§
āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻāĻā§ phrase āĻŦā§āĻŋā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻ¯ā§ā§, āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻā§ clause āĻ¤ā§āĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ verb āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤)
Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex
sentences are: -
3. 2
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as
if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.
Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦāĻ simple to complex āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻŋā§ complex sentence āĻāĻ° connectors āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻ° functions āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ§ā§āĻ°āĻŖā§
āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ˛ā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
Simple sentence āĻāĻ complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻŋā§ simple sentence āĻāĻ° āĻāĻāĻā§ clause āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻā§
clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¸āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ connectors āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽāĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ āĻ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ
simple sentence āĻāĻ complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¯ā§ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§āĻ˛ ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻ˛āĻŽāĻ°āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻā§āĻ° āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻšāĻžā§ āĻā§āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§ :
Rule 1
If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable
connectors to connect the clauses.
Phrase āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ clause āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ subject āĻŋā§ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§ā§āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻā§ subject āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.
āĻāĻ sentence āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ phrase āĻšāĻ˛ā§ âSeeing the teacherâāĨ¤ āĻāĻ phrase āĻ seeing āĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ˛āĻāĻ verb āĻŦā§āĻŋā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻ¯ā§ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¯āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻ sentence āĻāĻ°
subject āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻāĻ subject āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦā§āĨ¤
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.
Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§ āĻŋā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§ā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ seeing āĻāĻ saw āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ clause āĻ subject āĻāĻ¯āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻ, āĻ¤ā§ā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ pronoun
āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§ā§āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ connector āĻŦā§ā§ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° sentence āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻāĻ° āĻ āĻ¨āĻ§āĻ connector āĻ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¸āĻŦ
āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻāĨ¤
The complex sentence could be:
As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ phrase āĻāĻ° subject āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšā§, āĻ¤ā§ā§āĻšāĻ˛ āĻĻā§āĻ clause āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻĻā§āĻ subject āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
4. 3
Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his motherâs illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.
Rule 2
If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word
can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.
Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.
āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ innocence āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻāĻāĻŋ clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤ innocence āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ noun, āĻ¤ā§ā§āĻ āĻāĻ clause āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ noun
clause .
More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector â âso thatâ requires the modal â âcan/couldâ in the following
clause.)
(Note: Complex āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ extra āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻāĻŋā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.
For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ outstanding āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ adjective āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ āĻāĻāĻā§ clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
5. 4
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.
For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.
Rule 3
āĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻ¨āĻā§ā§ phrase āĻāĻ clause āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° complex sentence āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻ°āĻ˛ā§āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§ āĻš â LETCWF
Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.
Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.
At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.
Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.
In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.
6. 5
Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.
Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.
Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless Iâm there myself.
Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.
Example: LETCWF
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector â âso thatâ requires the modal â âcan/couldâ in the following clause.)
Transformation: Simple to Compound - English Grammar
( āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻŖ )
7. 6
Simple sentence āĻāĻ Compound sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻžā§ āĻāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻŋā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming Simple sentence to Compound sentence are discussed below.
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻŽā§ā§ independent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§ dependent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŋā§ āĨ¤
A simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.
āĻĒā§ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ
coordinating conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĨ¤
On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with a coordinating conjunction.
Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
Rule 1
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ Compound sentence āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻāĻ°
āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ âandâ conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ Sentence āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻāĻ° tense āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ LETCWF
If the simple sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another, the compound sentence will
mention the first thing before the second thing and join them with a conjunction-âandâ and the tense will be same as of
doing the second thing. LETCWF
Example:
Simple: Coming home she had lunch.
Compound: She came home and had lunch.
Simple: Going to the office I will write the article.
Compound: I will go to the office and will write the article.
Simple: Going to the varsity she will do the class.
Compound: She will go to the varsity and will do the class.
Rule 2
8. 7
Simple sentence āĻ âbesides beingâ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ compound sentence āĻ ânot only..âĻ.but alsoâ structure āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ LETCWF
If the simple sentence has âbesides being,â the compound sentence will use ânot only..âĻ.but also.â
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ âin spite ofâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction âbutâ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
If the simple sentence has âin spite of,â the compound sentence will use the conjunction âbutâ joining the two different
clauses.
Simple: In spite of his poverty the postman never shirks his duty.
Compound: The postman is poor, but he never shirks his duty.
Simple: In spite of his illness he sat for the exam.
Compound: He was ill, but he sat for the exam.
Rule 4
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻŦ ā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ person āĻāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻŋāĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻ āĻ
ā§ āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ must āĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ structure
follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, âperson must doâĻ.or/otherwise the person will notâĻ..â
If the simple sentence tells that a person must do something to achieve a certain thing, the compound sentence will
follow this structure, âperson must doâĻ.or/otherwise the person will notâĻ..â
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: He must run fast to win the race.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.
Rule 5
9. 8
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻŦ ā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ person āĻāĻ must āĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻā§āĻŋāĻ¨āĻā§ā§ escape/avoid āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ
structure follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ âperson must doâĻ.or/otherwise person will + verbâs simple formâĻ..â or , âperson must
doâĻ...or/otherwise person will be + verbâs past participle form
If the simple sentence dictates that a person must do something to escape/avoid a certain thing, the compound
sentence will follow one of the following structures:
âperson must doâĻ.or/otherwise the person will + verbâs simple formâĻ..â
âperson must doâĻ...or/otherwise the person will be + verbâs past participle form.â
Simple: You must study hard to escape failure in the exam.
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam.
Simple: He must run fast to avoid losing in the race.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race.
Simple: The culprit must run away to avoid his arrest.
Compound: The culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested.
Rule 6
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ person āĻāĻ° āĻāĻā§āĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦ ā§ āĻšā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° result āĻŦā§
āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ āĻ˛āĻ conjunction âandâ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšā§āĨ¤ LETCWF
If the simple sentence states any cause of a personâs doing something, the compound sentence will first state the cause,
then join the result or outcome with a conjunction âand.â
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Rule 7
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ âforâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ
âsoâ/âthereforeâ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻāĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
If the simple sentence has âforâ having the result before it and cause after it, the compound sentence will contain the
conjunction âsoâ/âthereforeâ having the cause before it and the result after it.
10. 9
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him.
In the above sentence, the result is âthe praise of the boss, â and the cause is âhis(a personâs) hard work.â
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
Compound: The singerâs voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The singerâs voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Rule 8
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ âtoâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction
âandâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
If the simple sentence has âtoâ having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it, the compound
sentence will have the conjunction âandâ all other things being the same.
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Compound: She came here and met me.
Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 9
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ âIn the event of beingâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, âperson must not be+
adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâĻâĻ.âāĨ¤ LETCWF
If the simple sentence has âIn the event of being,â the compound sentence will follow this structure âperson must not
be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâĻâĻ.â
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.
Transformation: Compound to Simple - English Grammar (āĻāĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ āĻŦā§ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖ)
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences
and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
11. 10
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ coordinating
conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĨ¤
Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
On the other hand, a simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.
Transformation: Compound to Simple - English Grammar
( āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻŖ )
Compound sentence āĻāĻ Simple sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻžā§ āĻāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻŋā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming Compound sentence to Simple sentence are discussed below.
Rule 1
If the compound sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another and join them with a
conjunction-âandâ; then while transforming it into simple, âingâ will be added to the first verb; thus the first clause will
be shortened and tense will be same as the second clause.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻāĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ°āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ âandâ conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻĨ âingâ āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ā§ clause āĻāĻ°
Tense āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
Compound: I went there and met her.
Simple: Going there I met her.
Compound: She will go to the office and will do the work.
Simple: Going to the office she will do the work.
12. 11
Compound: She will go to the theatre and watch the play.
Simple: Going to the theatre she will watch the play.
Rule 2
If the compound sentence has ânot only..âĻ.but alsoâ, the simple sentence will use âbesides being.â
Compound sentence āĻ ânot only..âĻ.but alsoâ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ , simple sentence āĻ âbesides beingâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3
If the compound sentence has the conjunction âbutâ joining the two different clauses, the simple sentence will use âin
spite ofâ at the beginning following my/his/her according to the person+ noun form of the adjective of the subordinate
clause + main clause.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ conjunction âbutâ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âin spite ofâ, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°
person āĻ āĻŋā§āĻ¯ā§ā§ā§ my/his/her + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° adjective āĻāĻ° noun form + main clause āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Compound: The book was long but interesting.
Simple: In spite of being long the book was interesting.
Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness he came for rehearsal.
13. 12
Rule 4
If the compound sentence has this structure, âthe person must doâĻ.or/otherwise, the person will notâĻ..â, the simple
sentence will follow this structure, â person must doâĻ.to + the result/outcome of doing the work.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ˛āĻ°, âperson must doâĻ.or/otherwise person will notâĻ..â , āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, â person must doâĻ.to + āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ āĨ¤
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.
Simple: He must run fast to win the race.
Rule 5
If the compound sentence follows this structure, âperson must (do)âĻ.or/otherwise person will + verbâs simple formâĻ..â
or , âperson must doâĻ...or/otherwise person will be + verbâs past participle form, the simple sentence will follow this
structure, âperson must (do)âĻ.to escape/avoidâĻâĻâ.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ˛āĻ°, âperson must (do)âĻ.or/otherwise person will + verb āĻāĻ° simple formâĻ..â
or , âperson must doâĻ...or/otherwise person will be + verb āĻāĻ° past participle form, simple sentence āĻāĻ structure follow
āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, âperson must (do)âĻ.to escape/avoidâĻâĻâ āĨ¤ LETCWF
Compound: You must practice hard or/otherwise, you will lose the game.
Simple: You must practice hard to escape losing the game.
Compound: He must work hard or/otherwise, he will be suspended.
Simple: He must work hard to avoid suspension.
Compound: The thief must run away or/otherwise, he will be beaten.
Simple: The thief must run away to avoid being beaten.
14. 13
If the compound sentence first states a cause behind a work, then join the result or outcome with a conjunction âand â,
the simple sentence will follow this structure, â Being + adjective (cause)+ main clause.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ°, āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ āĻ˛āĻ conjunction âand â āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, â Being + adjective (āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ)+ main clauseāĨ¤
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Rule 6
If the compound sentence contains the conjunction âsoâ/âthereforeâ having the cause before it and the result after it,
the simple sentence will have âforâ having the result before it and cause after it.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ âsoâ/âthereforeâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻāĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ âforâ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦ
āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ āĻ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
LETCWF
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore the boss praised him.
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
In the above sentence, the result is âthe praising of bossâ, and the cause is âhis(a personâs) hard workâ.
Compound: The singerâs voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The singerâs voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
15. 14
If the compound sentence has the conjunction âandâ having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it,
the simple sentence will use âtoâ all other things being the same.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ conjunction âandâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĢ ā§āĻĢ
āĻ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ âtoâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Compound: She came here and met me.
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 7
If the compound sentence follows this structure, âperson must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not
beâĻâĻ.â, the simple sentence will use âIn the event of beingâ in the beginning + adjective+ main clause.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ˛āĻ°, âperson must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâĻâĻ.â,
simple sentence āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âIn the event of beingâ+ adjective+ main clause āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ LETCWF
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.
Transformation: Compound to Complex - English Grammar
( āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻŖ )
Compound sentence āĻāĻ Complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻžā§ āĻāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻŋā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
16. 15
The Rules for transforming Compound entence to Complex sentence are discussed below.
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences
and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ coordinating
conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĨ¤
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
On the other hand, a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
āĻĒā§ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻāĨ¤
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
Rule 1
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction âbutâ/âyetâ to connect the different clauses, the complex sentence will
use âthoughâ/âAlthoughâ in the beginning and âbutâ/âyetâ will be removed.
Compound sentence âbutâ/âyetâ conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ clause āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ , Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§
âthoughâ/âAlthoughâ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ âbutâ/âyetâ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Rule 2
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction âorâ/âotherwiseâ to connect different clauses and future tense is used in
the second clause, the complex sentence uses âlestâ in the middle and âshouldâ after the person.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ Compound sentence āĻ conjunction âorâ/âotherwiseâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ clause āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ā§ clause āĻ future
tense āĻšā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ âlestâ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ person āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° âshouldâ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
17. 16
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Rule 3
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction âandâ to join the different clauses, the complex sentence will use âAs
soon asâ in the beginning removing the âandâ from the middle.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence âandâ conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ clause āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âAs soon asâ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸
āĻŽā§āĻ āĻāĻĨāĻ˛āĻ âandâ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ LETCWF
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Rule 4
If the compound sentence uses âandâ/ âsoâ /âhenceâ /âthereforeâ to connect the different clauses, the complex
sentence uses âsinceâ/âasâ/âwhenâ in the beginning removing âandâ/ âsoâ/ âhenceâ/ âthereforeâ from the middle.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence âandâ/ âsoâ/ âhenceâ/ âthereforeâ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ clause āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§
âsinceâ/ âasâ/ âwhenâ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ âandâ/ âsoâ/ âhenceâ/ âthereforeâ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Rule 5
If the compound sentence uses âandâ to connect two different clauses about the same person, the complex sentence
will use relative pronoun âwhoâ in place of âandâ removing the pronoun after it.
18. 17
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ âandâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence âandâ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻŋ
relative pronoun âwhoâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° pronoun āĻāĻ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Rule 6
sentence follows this structure, âLet+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+
main clauseâ, the complex sentence starts with âifâ having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ˛āĻ° , âLet+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° affirmative form
+ or/otherwise + main clauseâ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âifâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° negative āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻļ
āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ LETCWF
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule 7
If the compound sentence follows this structure, âLet+ object form of pronoun+ âandâ between two clauses+ main
clauseâ, the complex sentence starts with âifâ having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form.
Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ˛āĻ° , âLet+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + āĻĻā§āĻ clauses āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ âandâ + main
clauseâ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âifâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĨ¤
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Rule 8
19. 18
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the complex sentence starts
with âifâ having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning.
Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ˛āĻ° , verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause, complex
sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âifâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° negative āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Rule 9
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex sentence starts with âifâ
having second person after it and it's in affirmative form. LETCWF
Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ˛āĻ° , verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + and + main clause, Complex sentence āĻāĻ°
āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âifâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĨ¤
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Rule 10
If the compound sentence has this form, âveryâĻ.and so/hence/therefore+ main clauseâ, the If the complex sentence will
use âsoâĻthatâ form.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence âveryâĻ.and so/hence/therefore+ main clauseâ āĻāĻ from āĻ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence âsoâĻthatâ
form āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule 11
20. 19
If the compound sentence uses âorâ between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence starts with âUnlessâ
following second person(you).
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻĻā§āĻ clause āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ âorâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻļ āĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻŦā§āĻā§ā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âUnlessâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°
second person (you) āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĨ¤
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.
Accomplished by
Š LETCWF
Transformation: Complex to Simple â English Grammar
(āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻŖ)
Complex sentence āĻāĻ Simple sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻžā§ āĻāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻŋā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming complex sentence to simple sentence are discussed below.
A sentence characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause is called a Complex sentence.
21. 20
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĨ¤
Such as, Although I was ill, I attended the meeting.
On the other hand, a sentence characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause is called a Simple
sentence.
āĻĒā§ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§ā§ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋā§ dependent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŋā§āĨ¤
Such as, In spite of my illness I attended the meeting.
Rule 1
When the subject of two clauses of a complex sentence including since/as/when is same and both clauses have the main
verb, the simple sentence will follow this formula: Verb+ing of 1st clause + the rest of the verb + comma + subject of 1st
clause + the rest.
āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ since/as/when āĻ¸āĻš complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻāĻ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§ā§ clause āĻāĻ° main verb āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻāĻ formula follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: 1st clause āĻāĻ° Verb+ ing + verb āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļ + comma + 1st clause āĻāĻ° subject + āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Simple: Being ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Complex: As I performed very well, I got the first prize.
Simple: Performing very well, I got the first prize.
Complex: When the criminal saw the police, he ran away.
Simple: Seeing the police, the criminal ran away.
Exception:
Complex: When the chicken curry arrived, we started having lunch.
Simple: On the arrival of the chicken curry, we started having lunch.
Rule 2
22. 21
When the subjects of two clauses of a complex sentence are different and have am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had, the
simple sentence will follow this rule: Eliminate the since/as/when + replacing am/is/are/was/were use being or in place
of has/have/had use having + 2nd clause.
āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻāĻ
āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ:
since/as/when āĻāĻ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŦ + am/is/are/was/were āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§ being āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ has/have/had āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§ having āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ + ā§¨ā§ clause āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: Since the weather was very bad, we did not start the journey.
Simple: The weather being very bad, we did not start the journey.
Complex: When the show was over, we came back home.
Simple: The show being over, we came back home.
Rule 3
When the subject of the two clauses is same, and the subordinate clause has be verb (am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ have/
has/ had), the simple sentence will follow this rule: Because of in the place of since/as + the possessive form of subject
of 1st clause + being in the place of (am/is/are/was/were) or having in the place of (has/have/had) + the rest + comma +
2nd clause.
āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻāĻ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ subordinate clause āĻāĻ° be verb (am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had) āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ:
since/as āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§ because of+ ā§§āĻŽ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ° possessive form + (am/is/are/was/were) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§ being āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§
(has/have/had) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§ having āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ + comma+ ā§¨ā§ clause āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: Since he was ill, he could not come.
Simple: Because being ill, he could not come.
Complex: He was loved by all, as he had honesty.
Simple: He was loved by all, because of his having honesty.
23. 22
Rule 4
When a complex sentence has relative pronoun, the simple sentence will follow this rule: From the beginning up to the
relative pronoun will be written + the relative pronoun will be omitted+ the be verb will be omitted + the main verb +
ing + the rest.
āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ complex sentence āĻ relative pronoun āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋ simple sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ:
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĨāĻ˛āĻ relative pronoun āĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + relative pronoun āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ + be verb āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ + the main verb + ing + āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter that belonged to the hospital.
Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter belonging to the hospital.
Complex: A cow that is very strong can plow this land.
Simple: A cow being very strong can plow his land.
Complex: The students who study seriously can get good marks.
Simple: The students studying seriously can get good marks.
Rule 5
If the complex sentence has âwhenâ which indicates estimate while transforming it into simple, when will be omitted +
subject and verb after when will be omitted + little time at/in+ season (if mentioned) + (if age is mentioned) at the age
of+ the rest.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ âwhenâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŦā§āĻā§ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻ˛āĻ simple āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§, when āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ+ when āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° subject āĻ
verb āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻā§ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ at/in + season (āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ) + age āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ at the age of + āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļāĨ¤
Example:
Complex: When it was midnight, I was awakened by the sound of construction.
Simple: At midnight I was awakened by the sound of construction.
Complex: When it is summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.
Simple: In summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.
Complex: When he was six, he left the country.
Simple: At the age of six, he left the country.
24. 23
But if the when doesnât mean time rather it means that something is going on, then At the time of + Verb+ ing + the rest.
āĻ¨āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ when āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻŋā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻŦā§āĻā§ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, At the time of + Verb+ ing + āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļ, āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: When it was raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.
Simple: At the time of raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.
When the personal subject is used in the subordinate clause, the simple sentence will use a possessive pronoun.
āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ subordinate clause āĻ personal subject āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻŋ simple sentence, possessive pronoun āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: When they were studying, the teacher came.
Simple: At the time of their studying, the teacher came.
Complex: When I was having tea, she came.
Simple: At the time of my having tea, she came.
Rule 6
To transform negative conditional complex sentence having if, into a simple form, this rule is followed: Without+ Verb+
ing + 2nd clause.
Negative conditional complex sentence āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ if āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻ¤ā§ā§ simple āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšā§: Without+ Verb+ ing + ā§¨ā§ clause āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: If you do not struggle in life, you cannot achieve your goal.
Simple: Without struggling in life, you cannot achieve your goal.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: Without studying hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.
If the clause is affirmative then by is used replacing without.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ clause āĻāĻŋ affirmative āĻšā§, without āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§ by āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: If you work hard, you will get promotion quickly.
Simple: By working hard, you will get promotion quickly.
25. 24
Rule 7
If the complex sentence has âso thatâ, the simple sentence will follow this rule:
From beginning up to so will be written + from âso that âup to may/might/can/could will be eliminated + to + the rest of
the sentence.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ âso thatâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, simple sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻĨāĻ˛āĻ so āĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + âso that âāĻāĻĨāĻ˛āĻ
may/might/can/could āĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ + to + sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: The student studied hard so that he could get good marks on the exam.
Simple: The student studied hard to get good marks on the exam.
Complex: The singer is trying hard so that she can get the national award.
Simple: The singer is trying hard to get the national award.
Rule 8
If the complex sentence has âsoâĻâĻthatâ form, the simple sentence will follow this rule: too will be used in the place of
so + the same thing will be placed up to that + from that up to not will be eliminated + to + the rest.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ âsoâĻâĻthatâ form āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, simple sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ:
so āĻāĻ° āĻā§ā§āĻā§ā§ too āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ + that āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ āĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ + that āĻāĻĨāĻ˛āĻ not āĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ + to + āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļāĨ¤
Example:
Complex: He is so sick that he cannot come.
Simple: He is too weak to come.
Rule 9
When the complex sentence has though/although, to transform it into simple form this rule will be followed: In spite of
will be used in the place of though /although + subjectâs possessive form + being in the place of am/is/are/was/were or
having in the place of has/have/had or verb+ ing + the rest + the 2nd clause.
āĻ¯āĻāĻŋ complex sentence āĻ though/although āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ, āĻāĻ˛āĻ simple form āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§:
Though/although āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻŋ In spite of āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + subject āĻāĻ° possessive form + am/is/are/was/were āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻŋ being āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§
has/have/had āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻŋ having āĻ āĻĨāĻŦā§ verb+ ing āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻ āĻ āĻāĻļ + ā§¨ā§ clause āĨ¤
Example:
26. 25
Complex: Though she was sick, she worked very hard.
Simple: In spite of her being sick, she worked very hard.
Complex: Although he has a lot of books, he wants to buy more.
Simple: In spite of his having a lot of books, he wants to buy more.
Transformation: Complex to Compound â English Grammar
(āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻŖ)
Complex sentence āĻāĻ Compound sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻžā§ āĻāĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻŋā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming complex sentence to Compound sentence are discussed below.
A complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻāĨ¤
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
āĻĒā§ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ
coordinating conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĨ¤
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
Rule 1
If the complex sentence has âthoughâ/âAlthoughâ in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction
âbutâ/âyetâ to connect the different clauses.
27. 26
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âthoughâ/âAlthoughâ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ , compound sentence âbutâ/âyetâ conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ clause
āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Rule 2
If the complex sentence has âlestâ in the middle having âshouldâ after the person, the compound sentence will use the
conjunction âorâ/âotherwiseâ to connect the different clauses, and future tense will be used in the second clause.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ âlestâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ person āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° âshouldâ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction
âorâ/âotherwiseâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ clause āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ā§ clause āĻ future tense āĻšā§ āĨ¤ LETCWF
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Rule 3
If the complex sentence has âAs soon asâ in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction âandâ to
join the different clauses.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âAs soon asâ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ , compound sentence âandâ conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ clause āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Rule 4
28. 27
If the complex sentence has âsinceâ/âasâ/âwhenâ in the beginning, the compound sentence will use
âandâ/âsoâ/âhenceâ/âthereforeâ to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âsinceâ/âasâ/âwhenâ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ , compound sentence âandâ/âsoâ/âhenceâ/âthereforeâ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ
clause āĻā§āĻ˛ ā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ LETCWF
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Rule 5
If the complex sentence has relative pronoun âwhoâ, the compound sentence will use âandâ in that place and object of
the first clause will be the subject of the second clause.
Complex sentence āĻ relative pronoun âwhoâ āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ , compound sentence āĻāĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻŋ âandâ āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻāĻ° object
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ā§ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§ā§ āĨ¤
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Rule 6
If the complex sentence starts with âifâ having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, âLet+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of
subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clauseâ.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âifâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ negative āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§
āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšā§ âLet+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main
clauseâ āĨ¤ LETCWF
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
29. 28
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule 7
If the complex sentence starts with âifâ having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, âLet+ object form of pronoun+ âandâ between two clauses+
main clauseâ.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âifâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ°
āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšā§, âLet+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + āĻĻā§āĻ clauses āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ âandâ + main clauseâ āĨ¤
Complex: If I go there, I will be able to learn it.
Compound: let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Complex: if I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Rule 8
When the complex sentence starts with âifâ having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning, the
compound sentence will omit âIf you do notâ and use an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + the main clause.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âifâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ negative āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻļ āĻāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ âIf
you do notâ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¨āĻāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause āĻšā§ āĨ¤
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.
Rule 9
When the complex sentence starts with âifâ having the second person after it and itâs in affirmative form, the compound
sentence will omit âIf you do notâ and use an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause.
30. 29
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âifâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ âIf
you do notâ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¨āĻāĻ˛ā§ verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + and + main clause āĻšā§ āĨ¤
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Rule 10
If the complex sentence has âsoâĻthatâ form, the compound sentence will follow this Rule, âvery â in place of âsoâ; âandâ
in place of âthatâ +so/hence/therefore+ main clause.
Complex sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ âsoâĻthatâ form āĻ āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, âsoâ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻŋ âvery â; âthatâ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ˛āĻŋ
âandâ +so/hence/therefore + main clause āĨ¤
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule 11
If the complex sentence starts with âUnlessâ following second person(you), the compound sentence will follow this
structure, âUnless and you will be omitted + âorâ between two clauses+ main clause.â LETCWF
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ âUnlessâ āĻ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person (you) āĻĨā§āĻāĻ˛ , compound sentence āĻāĻ structure follow āĻāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ,
âUnless āĻ you āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻĻā§āĻ clause āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ âorâ + main clause āĨ¤
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
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