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1. Simple to Complex 1-5
2. Simple to Compound 6-10
3. Compound to Simple 10-15
4. Compound to Complex 15-19
5. Complex to simple 20-25
6. Complex to Compound 26-30
7. Shortcuts 31
8. Additional 32-33
1
Transformation of sentences
(Simple -Complex)(Simple - Compound)
(Compound -Simple ) ( Compound -Complex ) (Complex -Simple ) ( Complex -Compound )
Transformation: Simple to Complex - English Grammar
( āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ )
Simple sentence āĻ•āĻ• Complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming Simple sentence to Complex sentence are discussed below.
Simple, Complex, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Compound sentence - transformation āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ phrase āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖā§‹ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•ā§‹ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻŖā§‡āĨ¤
Clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ phrase āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ˛āĻ§ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§ā§‹āĻŋ āĻĒā§‹āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ - āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ phrase āĻ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŋā§‹. phrase āĻ participle,
gerund, infinitive, āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŋā§‹. simple sentence āĻ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ§ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ phrase āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤
āĻ¨āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ complex āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ compound sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ§ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ā§‡ā§‹ā§Ž āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ simple sentence āĻ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽā§‹ā§‡
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤
Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs)
Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ study āĻ•āĻ• present participle āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ
āĻ•āĻŋā§Ÿā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻŸā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ phrase āĻŦā§‹āĻŋā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‹ā§Ÿ, āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ clause āĻ¤ā§āĻĨā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹āĻ‡ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤)
Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex
sentences are: -
2
Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as
if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that.
Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ simple to complex āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ complex sentence āĻāĻ° connectors āĻ—ā§āĻ¨ āĻ° functions āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ§ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖā§‹
āĻĨā§‹āĻ•ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ˛ā§Ÿā§‹āĻœāĻŋāĨ¤
Simple sentence āĻ•āĻ• complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¤ā§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ simple sentence āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ clause āĻ•āĻ• āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹ āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸā§‹
clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ¸āĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°ā§‹āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ connectors āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ
simple sentence āĻ•āĻ• complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‹ā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻ˛āĻŽāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤
āĻœāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ° āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦā§ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻšāĻžā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§ :
Rule 1
If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable
connectors to connect the clauses.
Phrase āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ• clause āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻ†āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ subject āĻŋā§‹ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ subject āĻ“ āĻ†āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Example:
Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise.
āĻāĻ‡ sentence āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ phrase āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ ‘Seeing the teacher’āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ phrase āĻ seeing āĻ•āĻ• āĻ¸āĻšāĻ˛āĻœāĻ‡ verb āĻŦā§‹āĻŋā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‹ā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•āĻ¯āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻ‡ sentence āĻāĻ°
subject āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°ā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ subject āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦā§‹āĨ¤
So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are:
*The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise.
Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻŋā§‹āĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°ā§‹ seeing āĻ•āĻ• saw āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻ subject āĻ•āĻ¯āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡, āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ pronoun
āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ connector āĻŦā§‹ā§‡ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ˛āĻ•āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨āĻ§āĻ• connector āĻ“ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŦ
āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
The complex sentence could be:
As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ phrase āĻāĻ° subject āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻšāĻ˛ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clause āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ subject āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
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Example:
Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness.
Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill.
Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill.
Rule 2
If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word
can be an adjective, noun, or adverb.
Example:
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence.
āĻāĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°ā§‹ innocence āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤ innocence āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ noun, āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ clause āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ noun
clause .
More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences:
Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid.
Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is.
Simple: I prayed for your job.
Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following
clause.)
(Note: Complex āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ extra āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻ†āĻŋā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤)
Simple: He admitted his guilt.
Complex: He admitted that he was guilty.
For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause.
Example:
Simple: He was an outstanding actor.
Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding.
āĻāĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ outstanding āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ adjective āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤
More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
4
Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday.
Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful.
Simple: He was a remarkable man.
Complex: He was a man who was remarkable.
Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia.
Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive.
For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause.
Example:
Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag.
Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work.
Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work.
Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war.
Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war.
Rule 3
āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ phrase āĻ•āĻ• clause āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° complex sentence āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ°āĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹ āĻš – LETCWF
Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.
Example:
Simple: I could not do it because of my illness.
Complex: I could not do it because I was ill.
Or, I could not do it as I was ill.
Or, I could not do it since I was ill.
At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause.
Example:
Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad.
Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad.
In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.
5
Example:
Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam.
Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school.
Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school.
Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause.
Example:
Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match.
Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match.
Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well.
Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it.
Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it.
Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself.
Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause.
Example: LETCWF
Simple: He is too weak to continue walking.
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Simple: They are too strong to lose.
Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose.
Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.)
Transformation: Simple to Compound - English Grammar
( āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ )
6
Simple sentence āĻ•āĻ• Compound sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming Simple sentence to Compound sentence are discussed below.
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽā§‹ā§‡ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŋā§‹ āĨ¤
A simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.
āĻĒā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
coordinating conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤
On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with a coordinating conjunction.
Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
Rule 1
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ•āĻ‰ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ Compound sentence āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻœāĻ°
āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ• “and” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ Sentence āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻœāĻ° tense āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ LETCWF
If the simple sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another, the compound sentence will
mention the first thing before the second thing and join them with a conjunction-“and” and the tense will be same as of
doing the second thing. LETCWF
Example:
Simple: Coming home she had lunch.
Compound: She came home and had lunch.
Simple: Going to the office I will write the article.
Compound: I will go to the office and will write the article.
Simple: Going to the varsity she will do the class.
Compound: She will go to the varsity and will do the class.
Rule 2
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Simple sentence āĻ “besides being” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ compound sentence āĻ “not only..â€Ļ.but also” structure āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ LETCWF
If the simple sentence has “besides being,” the compound sentence will use “not only..â€Ļ.but also.”
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ “in spite of” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction “but” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
If the simple sentence has “in spite of,” the compound sentence will use the conjunction “but” joining the two different
clauses.
Simple: In spite of his poverty the postman never shirks his duty.
Compound: The postman is poor, but he never shirks his duty.
Simple: In spite of his illness he sat for the exam.
Compound: He was ill, but he sat for the exam.
Rule 4
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻŦ ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻŋ person āĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ…āĻœ
ā§‡ āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ must āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure
follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise the person will notâ€Ļ..”
If the simple sentence tells that a person must do something to achieve a certain thing, the compound sentence will
follow this structure, ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise the person will notâ€Ļ..”
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: He must run fast to win the race.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.
Rule 5
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āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻŦ ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻŋ person āĻ•āĻ• must āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ escape/avoid āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡
structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple formâ€Ļ..” or , ”person must
doâ€Ļ...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form
If the simple sentence dictates that a person must do something to escape/avoid a certain thing, the compound
sentence will follow one of the following structures:
”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise the person will + verb’s simple formâ€Ļ..”
”person must doâ€Ļ...or/otherwise the person will be + verb’s past participle form.”
Simple: You must study hard to escape failure in the exam.
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam.
Simple: He must run fast to avoid losing in the race.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race.
Simple: The culprit must run away to avoid his arrest.
Compound: The culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested.
Rule 6
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻŋ person āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦ ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° result āĻŦā§‹
āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻ˛āĻ• conjunction “and” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ LETCWF
If the simple sentence states any cause of a person’s doing something, the compound sentence will first state the cause,
then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and.”
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Rule 7
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ “for” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ
“so”/”therefore” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
If the simple sentence has “for” having the result before it and cause after it, the compound sentence will contain the
conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result after it.
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Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him.
In the above sentence, the result is “the praise of the boss, ” and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work.”
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Rule 8
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ “to” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction
“and” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
If the simple sentence has “to” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it, the compound
sentence will have the conjunction “and” all other things being the same.
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Compound: She came here and met me.
Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 9
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ “In the event of being” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “person must not be+
adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâ€Ļâ€Ļ.”āĨ¤ LETCWF
If the simple sentence has “In the event of being,” the compound sentence will follow this structure “person must not
be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâ€Ļâ€Ļ.”
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.
Transformation: Compound to Simple - English Grammar (āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ¨āĻœ āĻŦā§‡ā§‹āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ)
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences
and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ coordinating
conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤
Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
On the other hand, a simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause.
Such as: Listening to music is my hobby.
Transformation: Compound to Simple - English Grammar
( āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ )
Compound sentence āĻ•āĻ• Simple sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming Compound sentence to Simple sentence are discussed below.
Rule 1
If the compound sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another and join them with a
conjunction-“and”; then while transforming it into simple, “ing” will be added to the first verb; thus the first clause will
be shortened and tense will be same as the second clause.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ•āĻ‰ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ “and” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ˛āĻĨ “ing” āĻ•āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¨ā§‡āĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻāĻ°
Tense āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤
Compound: I went there and met her.
Simple: Going there I met her.
Compound: She will go to the office and will do the work.
Simple: Going to the office she will do the work.
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Compound: She will go to the theatre and watch the play.
Simple: Going to the theatre she will watch the play.
Rule 2
If the compound sentence has “not only..â€Ļ.but also”, the simple sentence will use “besides being.”
Compound sentence āĻ “not only..â€Ļ.but also” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , simple sentence āĻ “besides being” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3
If the compound sentence has the conjunction “but” joining the two different clauses, the simple sentence will use “in
spite of” at the beginning following my/his/her according to the person+ noun form of the adjective of the subordinate
clause + main clause.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ conjunction “but” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “in spite of”, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°
person āĻ…āĻŋā§āĻ¯ā§‹ā§Ÿā§€ my/his/her + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° adjective āĻāĻ° noun form + main clause āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Compound: The book was long but interesting.
Simple: In spite of being long the book was interesting.
Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness he came for rehearsal.
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Rule 4
If the compound sentence has this structure, ”the person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise, the person will notâ€Ļ..”, the simple
sentence will follow this structure, “ person must doâ€Ļ.to + the result/outcome of doing the work.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise person will notâ€Ļ..” , āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “ person must doâ€Ļ.to + āĻ•ā§‹āĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĨ¤
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.
Simple: He must run fast to win the race.
Rule 5
If the compound sentence follows this structure, ”person must (do)â€Ļ.or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple formâ€Ļ..”
or , ”person must doâ€Ļ...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form, the simple sentence will follow this
structure, ”person must (do)â€Ļ.to escape/avoidâ€Ļâ€Ļ”.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, ”person must (do)â€Ļ.or/otherwise person will + verb āĻāĻ° simple formâ€Ļ..”
or , ”person must doâ€Ļ...or/otherwise person will be + verb āĻāĻ° past participle form, simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow
āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, ”person must (do)â€Ļ.to escape/avoidâ€Ļâ€Ļ” āĨ¤ LETCWF
Compound: You must practice hard or/otherwise, you will lose the game.
Simple: You must practice hard to escape losing the game.
Compound: He must work hard or/otherwise, he will be suspended.
Simple: He must work hard to avoid suspension.
Compound: The thief must run away or/otherwise, he will be beaten.
Simple: The thief must run away to avoid being beaten.
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If the compound sentence first states a cause behind a work, then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and ”,
the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ Being + adjective (cause)+ main clause.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻ˛āĻ• conjunction “and ” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “ Being + adjective (āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ)+ main clauseāĨ¤
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Rule 6
If the compound sentence contains the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result after it,
the simple sentence will have “for” having the result before it and cause after it.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ “so”/”therefore” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ “for” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦ
āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
LETCWF
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore the boss praised him.
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
In the above sentence, the result is “the praising of boss”, and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work”.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
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If the compound sentence has the conjunction “and” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it,
the simple sentence will use “to” all other things being the same.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ conjunction “and” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ
āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ “to” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Compound: She came here and met me.
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 7
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not
beâ€Ļâ€Ļ.”, the simple sentence will use “In the event of being” in the beginning + adjective+ main clause.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâ€Ļâ€Ļ.”,
simple sentence āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “In the event of being”+ adjective+ main clause āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ LETCWF
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.
Transformation: Compound to Complex - English Grammar
( āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ )
Compound sentence āĻ•āĻ• Complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
15
The Rules for transforming Compound entence to Complex sentence are discussed below.
A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences
and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ coordinating
conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
On the other hand, a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
āĻĒā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
Rule 1
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses, the complex sentence will
use “though”/”Although” in the beginning and “but”/”yet” will be removed.
Compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ , Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§
“though”/”Although” āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ “but”/”yet” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Rule 2
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect different clauses and future tense is used in
the second clause, the complex sentence uses “lest” in the middle and “should” after the person.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ Compound sentence āĻ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻ future
tense āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ “lest” āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ person āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° “should” āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
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Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Rule 3
If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses, the complex sentence will use “As
soon as” in the beginning removing the “and” from the middle.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence “and” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “As soon as” āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸
āĻŽā§‹āĻ āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• “and” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ LETCWF
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Rule 4
If the compound sentence uses “and”/ ”so” /”hence” /”therefore” to connect the different clauses, the complex
sentence uses “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning removing “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” from the middle.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§
“since”/ ”as”/ ”when” āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Rule 5
If the compound sentence uses “and” to connect two different clauses about the same person, the complex sentence
will use relative pronoun “who” in place of “and” removing the pronoun after it.
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āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ “and” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence “and” āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ
relative pronoun “who” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° pronoun āĻ‰āĻ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Rule 6
sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+
main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° , “Let+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° affirmative form
+ or/otherwise + main clause”, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° negative āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻļ
āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ LETCWF
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule 7
If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main
clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form.
Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° , “Let+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clauses āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ “and” + main
clause”, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Rule 8
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If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the complex sentence starts
with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning.
Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° , verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause, complex
sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° negative āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻļ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Rule 9
If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex sentence starts with “if”
having second person after it and it's in affirmative form. LETCWF
Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° , verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + and + main clause, Complex sentence āĻāĻ°
āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Rule 10
If the compound sentence has this form, “veryâ€Ļ.and so/hence/therefore+ main clause”, the If the complex sentence will
use “soâ€Ļthat” form.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence “veryâ€Ļ.and so/hence/therefore+ main clause” āĻāĻ‡ from āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence “soâ€Ļthat”
form āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule 11
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If the compound sentence uses ”or” between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence starts with “Unless”
following second person(you).
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clause āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ ”or” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻļ āĻ•āĻŋā§Ÿā§‹ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹ā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “Unless” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°
second person (you) āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.
Accomplished by
Š LETCWF
Transformation: Complex to Simple – English Grammar
(āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ)
Complex sentence āĻ•āĻ• Simple sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming complex sentence to simple sentence are discussed below.
A sentence characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause is called a Complex sentence.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤
Such as, Although I was ill, I attended the meeting.
On the other hand, a sentence characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause is called a Simple
sentence.
āĻĒā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ Simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‹ā§‡ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŋā§‹āĨ¤
Such as, In spite of my illness I attended the meeting.
Rule 1
When the subject of two clauses of a complex sentence including since/as/when is same and both clauses have the main
verb, the simple sentence will follow this formula: Verb+ing of 1st clause + the rest of the verb + comma + subject of 1st
clause + the rest.
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ since/as/when āĻ¸āĻš complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‰ā§‡ā§Ÿ clause āĻāĻ° main verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻāĻ‡ formula follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: 1st clause āĻāĻ° Verb+ ing + verb āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ + comma + 1st clause āĻāĻ° subject + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Simple: Being ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Complex: As I performed very well, I got the first prize.
Simple: Performing very well, I got the first prize.
Complex: When the criminal saw the police, he ran away.
Simple: Seeing the police, the criminal ran away.
Exception:
Complex: When the chicken curry arrived, we started having lunch.
Simple: On the arrival of the chicken curry, we started having lunch.
Rule 2
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When the subjects of two clauses of a complex sentence are different and have am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had, the
simple sentence will follow this rule: Eliminate the since/as/when + replacing am/is/are/was/were use being or in place
of has/have/had use having + 2nd clause.
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻāĻ‡
āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ:
since/as/when āĻ‰āĻ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŦ + am/is/are/was/were āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ being āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹ has/have/had āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ having āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ + ā§¨ā§Ÿ clause āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: Since the weather was very bad, we did not start the journey.
Simple: The weather being very bad, we did not start the journey.
Complex: When the show was over, we came back home.
Simple: The show being over, we came back home.
Rule 3
When the subject of the two clauses is same, and the subordinate clause has be verb (am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ have/
has/ had), the simple sentence will follow this rule: Because of in the place of since/as + the possessive form of subject
of 1st clause + being in the place of (am/is/are/was/were) or having in the place of (has/have/had) + the rest + comma +
2nd clause.
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ subordinate clause āĻāĻ° be verb (am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had) āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple
sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ:
since/as āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ because of+ ā§§āĻŽ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ° possessive form + (am/is/are/was/were) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ being āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹
(has/have/had) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ having āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ + comma+ ā§¨ā§Ÿ clause āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: Since he was ill, he could not come.
Simple: Because being ill, he could not come.
Complex: He was loved by all, as he had honesty.
Simple: He was loved by all, because of his having honesty.
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Rule 4
When a complex sentence has relative pronoun, the simple sentence will follow this rule: From the beginning up to the
relative pronoun will be written + the relative pronoun will be omitted+ the be verb will be omitted + the main verb +
ing + the rest.
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ relative pronoun āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ–āĻŋ simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ:
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• relative pronoun āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ āĻ–āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + relative pronoun āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + be verb āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + the main verb + ing + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter that belonged to the hospital.
Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter belonging to the hospital.
Complex: A cow that is very strong can plow this land.
Simple: A cow being very strong can plow his land.
Complex: The students who study seriously can get good marks.
Simple: The students studying seriously can get good marks.
Rule 5
If the complex sentence has “when” which indicates estimate while transforming it into simple, when will be omitted +
subject and verb after when will be omitted + little time at/in+ season (if mentioned) + (if age is mentioned) at the age
of+ the rest.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ “when” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŽā§‹āĻĒ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹ā§Ÿ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻ˛āĻ• simple āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ, when āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ+ when āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° subject āĻ“
verb āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻ•ā§‡ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ at/in + season (āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•) + age āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ at the age of + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĨ¤
Example:
Complex: When it was midnight, I was awakened by the sound of construction.
Simple: At midnight I was awakened by the sound of construction.
Complex: When it is summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.
Simple: In summer, we can eat different kinds of mango.
Complex: When he was six, he left the country.
Simple: At the age of six, he left the country.
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But if the when doesn’t mean time rather it means that something is going on, then At the time of + Verb+ ing + the rest.
āĻ¨āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ when āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŋā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹ā§Ÿ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, At the time of + Verb+ ing + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: When it was raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.
Simple: At the time of raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop.
When the personal subject is used in the subordinate clause, the simple sentence will use a possessive pronoun.
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ subordinate clause āĻ personal subject āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ–āĻŋ simple sentence, possessive pronoun āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: When they were studying, the teacher came.
Simple: At the time of their studying, the teacher came.
Complex: When I was having tea, she came.
Simple: At the time of my having tea, she came.
Rule 6
To transform negative conditional complex sentence having if, into a simple form, this rule is followed: Without+ Verb+
ing + 2nd clause.
Negative conditional complex sentence āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ if āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ simple āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ: Without+ Verb+ ing + ā§¨ā§Ÿ clause āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: If you do not struggle in life, you cannot achieve your goal.
Simple: Without struggling in life, you cannot achieve your goal.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: Without studying hard, you will not get good marks in the exam.
If the clause is affirmative then by is used replacing without.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ clause āĻŸāĻŋ affirmative āĻšā§Ÿ, without āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ by āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: If you work hard, you will get promotion quickly.
Simple: By working hard, you will get promotion quickly.
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Rule 7
If the complex sentence has “so that”, the simple sentence will follow this rule:
From beginning up to so will be written + from “so that “up to may/might/can/could will be eliminated + to + the rest of
the sentence.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ “so that” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• so āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ āĻ–āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + “so that “āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ•
may/might/can/could āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + to + sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĨ¤
Example:
Complex: The student studied hard so that he could get good marks on the exam.
Simple: The student studied hard to get good marks on the exam.
Complex: The singer is trying hard so that she can get the national award.
Simple: The singer is trying hard to get the national award.
Rule 8
If the complex sentence has “soâ€Ļâ€Ļthat” form, the simple sentence will follow this rule: too will be used in the place of
so + the same thing will be placed up to that + from that up to not will be eliminated + to + the rest.
āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ “soâ€Ļâ€Ļthat” form āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ:
so āĻāĻ° āĻœā§‹ā§ŸāĻ—ā§‹ā§Ÿ too āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ + that āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻœāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ + that āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• not āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + to + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĨ¤
Example:
Complex: He is so sick that he cannot come.
Simple: He is too weak to come.
Rule 9
When the complex sentence has though/although, to transform it into simple form this rule will be followed: In spite of
will be used in the place of though /although + subject’s possessive form + being in the place of am/is/are/was/were or
having in the place of has/have/had or verb+ ing + the rest + the 2nd clause.
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ though/although āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻāĻ˛āĻ• simple form āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ:
Though/although āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ In spite of āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + subject āĻāĻ° possessive form + am/is/are/was/were āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ being āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹
has/have/had āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ having āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹ verb+ ing āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ + ā§¨ā§Ÿ clause āĨ¤
Example:
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Complex: Though she was sick, she worked very hard.
Simple: In spite of her being sick, she worked very hard.
Complex: Although he has a lot of books, he wants to buy more.
Simple: In spite of his having a lot of books, he wants to buy more.
Transformation: Complex to Compound – English Grammar
(āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ)
Complex sentence āĻ•āĻ• Compound sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
The Rules for transforming complex sentence to Compound sentence are discussed below.
A complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as
separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
āĻĒā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚
coordinating conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
Rule 1
If the complex sentence has “though”/”Although” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction
“but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses.
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Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “though”/”Although” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause
āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Rule 2
If the complex sentence has “lest” in the middle having “should” after the person, the compound sentence will use the
conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect the different clauses, and future tense will be used in the second clause.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ “lest” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ person āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° “should” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction
“or”/”otherwise” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻ future tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤ LETCWF
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Rule 3
If the complex sentence has “As soon as” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “and” to
join the different clauses.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “As soon as” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence “and” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Rule 4
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If the complex sentence has “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use
“and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “since”/”as”/”when” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ•
clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ LETCWF
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Rule 5
If the complex sentence has relative pronoun “who”, the compound sentence will use “and” in that place and object of
the first clause will be the subject of the second clause.
Complex sentence āĻ relative pronoun “who” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence āĻ•āĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ “and” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻāĻ° object
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻšāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§‹ā§Ÿ āĨ¤
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Rule 6
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of
subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ negative āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻļ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ
āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ “Let+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main
clause” āĨ¤ LETCWF
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
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Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule 7
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form while
transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+
main clause”.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ°
āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ, “Let+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clauses āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ “and” + main clause” āĨ¤
Complex: If I go there, I will be able to learn it.
Compound: let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Complex: if I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Rule 8
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning, the
compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + the main clause.
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ negative āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻļ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ “If
you do not” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ—āĻ˛ā§Ÿ verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.
Rule 9
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and it’s in affirmative form, the compound
sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause.
29
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ “If
you do not” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ—āĻ˛ā§Ÿ verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + and + main clause āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Rule 10
If the complex sentence has “soâ€Ļthat” form, the compound sentence will follow this Rule, “very “ in place of “so”; ”and”
in place of “that” +so/hence/therefore+ main clause.
Complex sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ “soâ€Ļthat” form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “so” āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ “very “; “that” āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ
”and” +so/hence/therefore + main clause āĨ¤
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule 11
If the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person(you), the compound sentence will follow this
structure, “Unless and you will be omitted + ”or” between two clauses+ main clause.” LETCWF
Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “Unless” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person (you) āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ,
“Unless āĻ“ you āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clause āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ ”or” + main clause āĨ¤
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
Shortcuts
30
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž
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āĻ­āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŸāĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻ• āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻļā§‡ āĻ‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻŽ ā§‡āĻ°ā§ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ ā§‡āĻ•āĻĄāĻžāĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡
āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ­āĻļāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ ā§Ģā§Ļ% āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ–ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ­āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§‡? āĻŦāĻ‡ ā§‡āĻž āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻšā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ‡ āĨ¤ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŋ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+
āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻāĻĢ āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ­āĻļāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ…āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
Pdf āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ ā§‡āĻž ā§‡āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ§āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻž:
,
✍āĻ­āĻĒāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ–āĻ¯āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻŽ(10-12 āĻ­āĻĒāĻ‡āĻŋ) āĻšāĻ“ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻ­ā§‡āĻžāĻ•āĻžā§‡ āĻ­āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ§āĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
,
,
✍āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻžāĻ˛āĻŽāĻ° āĻ­ā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžā§‡āĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻšāĻ“ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻĻā§ƒāĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻžāĻšā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦ ā§‡ā§€āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ°ā§ā§‡ā§‡ ,ā§‡āĻž āĻ­āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŋā§‡āĻ¯ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§€ āĨ¤
,
,
✍ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§‡ āĻ­āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ“āĻ˛āĻĒā§‡ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
,
,
✍āĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ā§āĻ°ā§ā§‡ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ˛āĻĄāĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŋ āĻŸāĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻ° ā§‡āĻ¤ā§ ā§‡ ā§‡āĻ¤ā§ ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŸāĻŽ āĻ­ā§‡āĻžāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻā§‡āĻžā§‡āĻžāĻ“ āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ ā§‡āĻžā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ§āĻžāĨ¤
āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ•:
https://bruredu-my.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/alaminislam_bruredu_onmicrosoft_com/ETFSY-
Q4tJhNsKgk0UduAX8BtJLmC0q0rtCH993ysqiRIg?e=IDIU85
āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†ā§‡ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ‡ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻžāĻŋāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĨ¤ *āĻļāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻŋāĻ¯
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Transformation of sentences ( Simple, Complex, Compound)

  • 1. SL No Content Page 1. Simple to Complex 1-5 2. Simple to Compound 6-10 3. Compound to Simple 10-15 4. Compound to Complex 15-19 5. Complex to simple 20-25 6. Complex to Compound 26-30 7. Shortcuts 31 8. Additional 32-33
  • 2. 1 Transformation of sentences (Simple -Complex)(Simple - Compound) (Compound -Simple ) ( Compound -Complex ) (Complex -Simple ) ( Complex -Compound ) Transformation: Simple to Complex - English Grammar ( āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ ) Simple sentence āĻ•āĻ• Complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤ The Rules for transforming Simple sentence to Complex sentence are discussed below. Simple, Complex, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Compound sentence - transformation āĻāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ phrase āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ§ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖā§‹ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•ā§‹ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻŖā§‡āĨ¤ Clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ phrase āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ˛āĻ§ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§ā§‹āĻŋ āĻĒā§‹āĻĨā§‡āĻ•ā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ - āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ†āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ phrase āĻ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŋā§‹. phrase āĻ participle, gerund, infinitive, āĻ‡āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŋā§‹. simple sentence āĻ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ§ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ phrase āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ complex āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ compound sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ§ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ā§‡ā§‹ā§Ž āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ¸āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ simple sentence āĻ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽā§‹ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤ Complex - If you study well, you will pass. (Two clauses, two verbs) Simple – By studying hard, you will pass. (One phrase, one clause, and one verb. āĻāĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ study āĻ•āĻ• present participle āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋā§Ÿā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻŸā§‹ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ phrase āĻŦā§‹āĻŋā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‹ā§Ÿ, āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ clause āĻ¤ā§āĻĨā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹āĻ‡ verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤) Complex sentences have some particular connectors which connect the two clauses. The connectors for complex sentences are: -
  • 3. 2 Before, after, till, until, when, where, which, who, whom, why, what, that, since, as, because, if, unless, as if, as though, although, even though, as soon as, so that, on condition that, and provided that. Note: Complex to simple āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ simple to complex āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ complex sentence āĻāĻ° connectors āĻ—ā§āĻ¨ āĻ° functions āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§‹āĻ¨āĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ§ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖā§‹ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•ā§‹ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ˛ā§Ÿā§‹āĻœāĻŋāĨ¤ Simple sentence āĻ•āĻ• complex sentence āĻ āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¤ā§ā§‡ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ simple sentence āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ clause āĻ•āĻ• āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹ āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸā§‹ clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ¸āĻ‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°ā§‹āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ connectors āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ•āĻ• complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‹ā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻ˛āĻŽāĻ°āĻ‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ†āĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻœāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ° āĻž āĻ¸āĻŦā§ āĻ•ā§‡āĻ°ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻšāĻžā§‡ āĻ•ā§‡āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§ : Rule 1 If there is an extra phrase in the simple sentence, expand that phrase to make a clause. Then choose a suitable connectors to connect the clauses. Phrase āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ• clause āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻ†āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ subject āĻŋā§‹ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ subject āĻ“ āĻ†āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ Example: Simple: Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise. āĻāĻ‡ sentence āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ phrase āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ ‘Seeing the teacher’āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ phrase āĻ seeing āĻ•āĻ• āĻ¸āĻšāĻ˛āĻœāĻ‡ verb āĻŦā§‹āĻŋā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‹ā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•āĻ¯āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻ‡ sentence āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°ā§‹ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ subject āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦā§‹āĨ¤ So, the two clauses we can get from this sentence are: *The students saw the teacher ---- *The students stopped making noise. Transformation āĻ tense āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻŋā§‹āĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°ā§‹ seeing āĻ•āĻ• saw āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻ subject āĻ•āĻ¯āĻ˛āĻšāĻ¤ā§ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡, āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ pronoun āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ°āĻĒāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ connector āĻŦā§‹ā§‡ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° sentence āĻāĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ˛āĻ•āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨āĻ§āĻ• connector āĻ“ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤ The complex sentence could be: As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise. Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise. The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ phrase āĻāĻ° subject āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻšāĻ˛ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clause āĻāĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ‡ subject āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
  • 4. 3 Example: Simple: Alex could not go to school due to his mother’s illness. Complex: Alex could not go to school because his mother was ill. Or, Alex could not go to school since his mother was ill. Rule 2 If there is no extra phrase in the simple sentence, you have to find a word which you can expand into a clause. The word can be an adjective, noun, or adverb. Example: Simple: He pleaded for his innocence. Complex: He pleaded that he was innocence. āĻāĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°ā§‹ innocence āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¨āĻ¸āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻāĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ¨ā§‡āĨ¤ innocence āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ noun, āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ clause āĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ noun clause . More Examples of noun clauses in complex sentences: Simple: Murphy knows Mr. Rashid. Complex: Murphy knows who Mr. Rashid is. Simple: I prayed for your job. Complex: I prayed so that you could get the job. (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.) (Note: Complex āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ•ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ extra āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ verb āĻ†āĻŋā§‹ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤) Simple: He admitted his guilt. Complex: He admitted that he was guilty. For words that are adjectives, you have to make an adjective clause. Example: Simple: He was an outstanding actor. Complex: He was an actor who was outstanding. āĻāĻ–ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ outstanding āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ adjective āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸā§‹ clause āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤ More Examples of adjective clauses in complex sentences:
  • 5. 4 Simple: I lost the most beautiful pen yesterday. Complex: I lost the pen which was most beautiful. Simple: He was a remarkable man. Complex: He was a man who was remarkable. Simple: I want an extensive encyclopedia. Complex: I want an encyclopedia which is extensive. For words that are adverbs, you have to make an adverb clause. Example: Simple: He is too weak to carry this heavy bag. Complex: He is so weak that he cannot carry that heavy bag. Simple: He is working relentlessly to finish the work. Complex: He is relentlessly working so that he can finish the work. Simple: He was born in the year of liberation war. Complex: He was born when it was the year of liberation war. Rule 3 āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ phrase āĻ•āĻ• clause āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° complex sentence āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ˛āĻŋā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋā§‡āĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻ°āĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ˛ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻ¸āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹ āĻš – LETCWF Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause. Example: Simple: I could not do it because of my illness. Complex: I could not do it because I was ill. Or, I could not do it as I was ill. Or, I could not do it since I was ill. At the time of (indcation of time)= when + clause + clause / clause + When + clause. Example: Simple: At the time of my birth, my father was abroad. Complex: When I was born, my father was abroad. In spite of/ despite = though/although + clause + clause.
  • 6. 5 Example: Simple: In spite of being a good student, he could not do well on the exam. Complex: Although he is a good student, he could not do well on the exam. Simple: Despite being sick, Robin went to school. Complex: Though Robin was sick, he went to school. Without + v1(ing) = if + clause + clause. / clause + unless + clause. Example: Simple: Without playing well, we cannot win this match. Complex: If we do not play well, we cannot win this match. Or, We cannot win this match unless we play well. Simple: Without being there myself, I cannot do it. Complex: If I am not there myself, I cannot do it. Or, I cannot do it unless I’m there myself. Too . . (an adjective) . . too = clause + so . .(the adjective). . that + clause. Example: LETCWF Simple: He is too weak to continue walking. Complex: He is so weak that he cannot walk. Simple: They are too strong to lose. Complex: They are so strong that they cannot lose. Note: (Connector – ‘so that’ requires the modal – ‘can/could’ in the following clause.) Transformation: Simple to Compound - English Grammar ( āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ )
  • 7. 6 Simple sentence āĻ•āĻ• Compound sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤ The Rules for transforming Simple sentence to Compound sentence are discussed below. āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋāĻŽā§‹ā§‡ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŋā§‹ āĨ¤ A simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause. Such as: Listening to music is my hobby. āĻĒā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ coordinating conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤ On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with a coordinating conjunction. Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies. Rule 1 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ•āĻ‰ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ Compound sentence āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœāĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻœāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ• “and” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ Sentence āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻœāĻ° tense āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ LETCWF If the simple sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another, the compound sentence will mention the first thing before the second thing and join them with a conjunction-“and” and the tense will be same as of doing the second thing. LETCWF Example: Simple: Coming home she had lunch. Compound: She came home and had lunch. Simple: Going to the office I will write the article. Compound: I will go to the office and will write the article. Simple: Going to the varsity she will do the class. Compound: She will go to the varsity and will do the class. Rule 2
  • 8. 7 Simple sentence āĻ “besides being” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ compound sentence āĻ “not only..â€Ļ.but also” structure āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ LETCWF If the simple sentence has “besides being,” the compound sentence will use “not only..â€Ļ.but also.” Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent. Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent. Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer. Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer. Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer. Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer. Rule 3 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ “in spite of” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction “but” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ If the simple sentence has “in spite of,” the compound sentence will use the conjunction “but” joining the two different clauses. Simple: In spite of his poverty the postman never shirks his duty. Compound: The postman is poor, but he never shirks his duty. Simple: In spite of his illness he sat for the exam. Compound: He was ill, but he sat for the exam. Rule 4 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻŦ ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻŋ person āĻ•āĻ• āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ…āĻœ ā§‡ āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ must āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise the person will notâ€Ļ..” If the simple sentence tells that a person must do something to achieve a certain thing, the compound sentence will follow this structure, ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise the person will notâ€Ļ..” Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam. Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam. Simple: He must run fast to win the race. Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race. Rule 5
  • 9. 8 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻŦ ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻŋ person āĻ•āĻ• must āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ escape/avoid āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple formâ€Ļ..” or , ”person must doâ€Ļ...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form If the simple sentence dictates that a person must do something to escape/avoid a certain thing, the compound sentence will follow one of the following structures: ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise the person will + verb’s simple formâ€Ļ..” ”person must doâ€Ļ...or/otherwise the person will be + verb’s past participle form.” Simple: You must study hard to escape failure in the exam. Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam. Simple: He must run fast to avoid losing in the race. Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race. Simple: The culprit must run away to avoid his arrest. Compound: The culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested. Rule 6 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻŋ person āĻāĻ° āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦ ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° result āĻŦā§‹ āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻ˛āĻ• conjunction “and” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ LETCWF If the simple sentence states any cause of a person’s doing something, the compound sentence will first state the cause, then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and.” Simple: Being guilty he ran away. Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away. Simple: Being so happy he started to dance. Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance. Rule 7 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ “for” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ “so”/”therefore” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ If the simple sentence has “for” having the result before it and cause after it, the compound sentence will contain the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result after it.
  • 10. 9 Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work. Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him. Compound: He worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him. In the above sentence, the result is “the praise of the boss, ” and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work.” Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice. Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people. Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people. Rule 8 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ “to” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction “and” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ If the simple sentence has “to” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it, the compound sentence will have the conjunction “and” all other things being the same. Simple: She came here to meet me. Compound: She came here and met me. Simple: She studied hard to get good marks. Compound: She studied hard and got good marks. Rule 9 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ simple sentence āĻ “In the event of being” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâ€Ļâ€Ļ.”āĨ¤ LETCWF If the simple sentence has “In the event of being,” the compound sentence will follow this structure “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâ€Ļâ€Ļ.” Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting. Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting. Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team. Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team. Transformation: Compound to Simple - English Grammar (āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ¨āĻœ āĻŦā§‡ā§‹āĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ) A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
  • 11. 10 āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ coordinating conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤ Such as: Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies. On the other hand, a simple sentence is characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause. Such as: Listening to music is my hobby. Transformation: Compound to Simple - English Grammar ( āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ ) Compound sentence āĻ•āĻ• Simple sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤ The Rules for transforming Compound sentence to Simple sentence are discussed below. Rule 1 If the compound sentence is stating that a person is doing two things one after another and join them with a conjunction-“and”; then while transforming it into simple, “ing” will be added to the first verb; thus the first clause will be shortened and tense will be same as the second clause. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ•āĻ‰ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡, āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ“ āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ “and” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ verb āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§‹āĻ˛āĻĨ “ing” āĻ•āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻŸāĻŋāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ¨ā§‡āĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻāĻ° Tense āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤ Compound: I went there and met her. Simple: Going there I met her. Compound: She will go to the office and will do the work. Simple: Going to the office she will do the work.
  • 12. 11 Compound: She will go to the theatre and watch the play. Simple: Going to the theatre she will watch the play. Rule 2 If the compound sentence has “not only..â€Ļ.but also”, the simple sentence will use “besides being.” Compound sentence āĻ “not only..â€Ļ.but also” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , simple sentence āĻ “besides being” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent. Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent. Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer. Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer. Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer. Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer. Rule 3 If the compound sentence has the conjunction “but” joining the two different clauses, the simple sentence will use “in spite of” at the beginning following my/his/her according to the person+ noun form of the adjective of the subordinate clause + main clause. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ conjunction “but” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “in spite of”, āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° person āĻ…āĻŋā§āĻ¯ā§‹ā§Ÿā§€ my/his/her + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° adjective āĻāĻ° noun form + main clause āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ Compound: The book was long but interesting. Simple: In spite of being long the book was interesting. Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal. Simple: In spite of his illness he came for rehearsal.
  • 13. 12 Rule 4 If the compound sentence has this structure, ”the person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise, the person will notâ€Ļ..”, the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ person must doâ€Ļ.to + the result/outcome of doing the work. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, ”person must doâ€Ļ.or/otherwise person will notâ€Ļ..” , āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “ person must doâ€Ļ.to + āĻ•ā§‹āĻœāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĨ¤ Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam. Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam. Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race. Simple: He must run fast to win the race. Rule 5 If the compound sentence follows this structure, ”person must (do)â€Ļ.or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple formâ€Ļ..” or , ”person must doâ€Ļ...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form, the simple sentence will follow this structure, ”person must (do)â€Ļ.to escape/avoidâ€Ļâ€Ļ”. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, ”person must (do)â€Ļ.or/otherwise person will + verb āĻāĻ° simple formâ€Ļ..” or , ”person must doâ€Ļ...or/otherwise person will be + verb āĻāĻ° past participle form, simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, ”person must (do)â€Ļ.to escape/avoidâ€Ļâ€Ļ” āĨ¤ LETCWF Compound: You must practice hard or/otherwise, you will lose the game. Simple: You must practice hard to escape losing the game. Compound: He must work hard or/otherwise, he will be suspended. Simple: He must work hard to avoid suspension. Compound: The thief must run away or/otherwise, he will be beaten. Simple: The thief must run away to avoid being beaten.
  • 14. 13 If the compound sentence first states a cause behind a work, then join the result or outcome with a conjunction “and ”, the simple sentence will follow this structure, “ Being + adjective (cause)+ main clause. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ˛āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻ˛āĻ• conjunction “and ” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “ Being + adjective (āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ)+ main clauseāĨ¤ Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away. Simple: Being guilty he ran away. Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance. Simple: Being so happy he started to dance. Rule 6 If the compound sentence contains the conjunction “so”/”therefore” having the cause before it and the result after it, the simple sentence will have “for” having the result before it and cause after it. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ “so”/”therefore” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ “for” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ LETCWF Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him. Compound: He worked hard, and therefore the boss praised him. Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work. In the above sentence, the result is “the praising of boss”, and the cause is “his(a person’s) hard work”. Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people. Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people. Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
  • 15. 14 If the compound sentence has the conjunction “and” having the result/outcome before it and the cause/reason after it, the simple sentence will use “to” all other things being the same. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ conjunction “and” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ•ā§‹āĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻĢ ā§‹āĻĢ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ°āĻŖ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻ “to” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ Compound: She came here and met me. Simple: She came here to meet me. Simple: She studied hard to get good marks. Compound: She studied hard and got good marks. Rule 7 If the compound sentence follows this structure, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâ€Ļâ€Ļ.”, the simple sentence will use “In the event of being” in the beginning + adjective+ main clause. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not beâ€Ļâ€Ļ.”, simple sentence āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “In the event of being”+ adjective+ main clause āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ LETCWF Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting. Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting. Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team. Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team. Transformation: Compound to Complex - English Grammar ( āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ ) Compound sentence āĻ•āĻ• Complex sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤
  • 16. 15 The Rules for transforming Compound entence to Complex sentence are discussed below. A compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions. āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ coordinating conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤ Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies. On the other hand, a complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. āĻĒā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤ Such as, I will wait here until you come. Rule 1 If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses, the complex sentence will use “though”/”Although” in the beginning and “but”/”yet” will be removed. Compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ , Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “though”/”Although” āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ “but”/”yet” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ Compound: He is poor, but he is happy. Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy. Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard. Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard. Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable. Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable. Rule 2 If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect different clauses and future tense is used in the second clause, the complex sentence uses “lest” in the middle and “should” after the person. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ Compound sentence āĻ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻ future tense āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ “lest” āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ person āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° “should” āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤
  • 17. 16 Compound: Study hard, or you will fail. Complex: Study hard lest you should fail. Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team. Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team. Rule 3 If the compound sentence uses the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses, the complex sentence will use “As soon as” in the beginning removing the “and” from the middle. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence “and” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “As soon as” āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻŽā§‹āĻ āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• “and” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ LETCWF Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey. Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey. Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting. Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting. Rule 4 If the compound sentence uses “and”/ ”so” /”hence” /”therefore” to connect the different clauses, the complex sentence uses “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning removing “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” from the middle. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ°, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “since”/ ”as”/ ”when” āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¸ “and”/ ”so”/ ”hence”/ ”therefore” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place. Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place. Compound: She was ill, so she did not come. Complex: As she was ill, she did not come. Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening. Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west. Rule 5 If the compound sentence uses “and” to connect two different clauses about the same person, the complex sentence will use relative pronoun “who” in place of “and” removing the pronoun after it.
  • 18. 17 āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻ “and” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻ˛āĻŸā§‹ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ clause āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence “and” āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ relative pronoun “who” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° pronoun āĻ‰āĻ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing. Complex: I saw a girl who was singing. Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer. Complex: I have a friend who is a writer. Rule 6 sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° , “Let+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause”, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° negative āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻļ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ LETCWF Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it. Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it. Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks. Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks. Rule 7 If the compound sentence follows this structure, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main clause”, the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form. Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° , “Let+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clauses āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ “and” + main clause”, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤ Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks. Complex: If I study hard, I will be able to get good marks. Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it. Compound: Let me go there, and I will be able to learn it. Rule 8
  • 19. 18 If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + main clause, the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning. Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° , verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause, complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° negative āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻļ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ Compound: Study hard, or you will fail. Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail. Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer. Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer. Rule 9 If the compound sentence uses an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause, the complex sentence starts with “if” having second person after it and it's in affirmative form. LETCWF Compound sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° , verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + and + main clause, Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤ Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks. Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks. Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase. Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase. Rule 10 If the compound sentence has this form, “veryâ€Ļ.and so/hence/therefore+ main clause”, the If the complex sentence will use “soâ€Ļthat” form. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence “veryâ€Ļ.and so/hence/therefore+ main clause” āĻāĻ‡ from āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ complex sentence “soâ€Ļthat” form āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work. Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work. Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand. Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand. Rule 11
  • 20. 19 If the compound sentence uses ”or” between two clauses stating an advice, the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person(you). āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ compound sentence āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clause āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ ”or” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ˛āĻŋāĻļ āĻ•āĻŋā§Ÿā§‹ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹ā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “Unless” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person (you) āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤ Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers. Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers. Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer. Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer. Accomplished by Š LETCWF Transformation: Complex to Simple – English Grammar (āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ) Complex sentence āĻ•āĻ• Simple sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤ The Rules for transforming complex sentence to simple sentence are discussed below. A sentence characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause is called a Complex sentence.
  • 21. 20 āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤ Such as, Although I was ill, I attended the meeting. On the other hand, a sentence characterized by only one independent clause and no dependent clause is called a Simple sentence. āĻĒā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ Simple sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‹ā§‡ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋā§‹ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻŋā§‹āĨ¤ Such as, In spite of my illness I attended the meeting. Rule 1 When the subject of two clauses of a complex sentence including since/as/when is same and both clauses have the main verb, the simple sentence will follow this formula: Verb+ing of 1st clause + the rest of the verb + comma + subject of 1st clause + the rest. āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ since/as/when āĻ¸āĻš complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‰ā§‡ā§Ÿ clause āĻāĻ° main verb āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ formula follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: 1st clause āĻāĻ° Verb+ ing + verb āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ + comma + 1st clause āĻāĻ° subject + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĨ¤ Example: Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting. Simple: Being ill, I could not attend the meeting. Complex: As I performed very well, I got the first prize. Simple: Performing very well, I got the first prize. Complex: When the criminal saw the police, he ran away. Simple: Seeing the police, the criminal ran away. Exception: Complex: When the chicken curry arrived, we started having lunch. Simple: On the arrival of the chicken curry, we started having lunch. Rule 2
  • 22. 21 When the subjects of two clauses of a complex sentence are different and have am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had, the simple sentence will follow this rule: Eliminate the since/as/when + replacing am/is/are/was/were use being or in place of has/have/had use having + 2nd clause. āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: since/as/when āĻ‰āĻ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŦ + am/is/are/was/were āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ being āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹ has/have/had āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ having āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ + ā§¨ā§Ÿ clause āĨ¤ Example: Complex: Since the weather was very bad, we did not start the journey. Simple: The weather being very bad, we did not start the journey. Complex: When the show was over, we came back home. Simple: The show being over, we came back home. Rule 3 When the subject of the two clauses is same, and the subordinate clause has be verb (am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ have/ has/ had), the simple sentence will follow this rule: Because of in the place of since/as + the possessive form of subject of 1st clause + being in the place of (am/is/are/was/were) or having in the place of (has/have/had) + the rest + comma + 2nd clause. āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ subordinate clause āĻāĻ° be verb (am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had) āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: since/as āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ because of+ ā§§āĻŽ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻāĻ° possessive form + (am/is/are/was/were) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ being āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹ (has/have/had) āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ having āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ + comma+ ā§¨ā§Ÿ clause āĨ¤ Example: Complex: Since he was ill, he could not come. Simple: Because being ill, he could not come. Complex: He was loved by all, as he had honesty. Simple: He was loved by all, because of his having honesty.
  • 23. 22 Rule 4 When a complex sentence has relative pronoun, the simple sentence will follow this rule: From the beginning up to the relative pronoun will be written + the relative pronoun will be omitted+ the be verb will be omitted + the main verb + ing + the rest. āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ relative pronoun āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§āĻ–āĻŋ simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• relative pronoun āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ āĻ–āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + relative pronoun āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + be verb āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + the main verb + ing + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĨ¤ Example: Complex: The doctor lived in a quarter that belonged to the hospital. Simple: The doctor lived in a quarter belonging to the hospital. Complex: A cow that is very strong can plow this land. Simple: A cow being very strong can plow his land. Complex: The students who study seriously can get good marks. Simple: The students studying seriously can get good marks. Rule 5 If the complex sentence has “when” which indicates estimate while transforming it into simple, when will be omitted + subject and verb after when will be omitted + little time at/in+ season (if mentioned) + (if age is mentioned) at the age of+ the rest. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ “when” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ˛ā§ŸāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŽā§‹āĻĒ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹ā§Ÿ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻ˛āĻ• simple āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ, when āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ+ when āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° subject āĻ“ verb āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻ•ā§‡ā§‹āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ at/in + season (āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ– āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•) + age āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ at the age of + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĨ¤ Example: Complex: When it was midnight, I was awakened by the sound of construction. Simple: At midnight I was awakened by the sound of construction. Complex: When it is summer, we can eat different kinds of mango. Simple: In summer, we can eat different kinds of mango. Complex: When he was six, he left the country. Simple: At the age of six, he left the country.
  • 24. 23 But if the when doesn’t mean time rather it means that something is going on, then At the time of + Verb+ ing + the rest. āĻ¨āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ when āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŋā§‹ āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĻāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻ•ā§‹āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŦā§‹āĻā§‹ā§Ÿ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, At the time of + Verb+ ing + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ Example: Complex: When it was raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop. Simple: At the time of raining, we were sitting in the coffee shop. When the personal subject is used in the subordinate clause, the simple sentence will use a possessive pronoun. āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ subordinate clause āĻ personal subject āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻ¤ā§āĻ–āĻŋ simple sentence, possessive pronoun āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ Example: Complex: When they were studying, the teacher came. Simple: At the time of their studying, the teacher came. Complex: When I was having tea, she came. Simple: At the time of my having tea, she came. Rule 6 To transform negative conditional complex sentence having if, into a simple form, this rule is followed: Without+ Verb+ ing + 2nd clause. Negative conditional complex sentence āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ if āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ simple āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ: Without+ Verb+ ing + ā§¨ā§Ÿ clause āĨ¤ Example: Complex: If you do not struggle in life, you cannot achieve your goal. Simple: Without struggling in life, you cannot achieve your goal. Complex: If you do not study hard, you will not get good marks in the exam. Simple: Without studying hard, you will not get good marks in the exam. If the clause is affirmative then by is used replacing without. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ clause āĻŸāĻŋ affirmative āĻšā§Ÿ, without āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ā§‡ by āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤ Example: Complex: If you work hard, you will get promotion quickly. Simple: By working hard, you will get promotion quickly.
  • 25. 24 Rule 7 If the complex sentence has “so that”, the simple sentence will follow this rule: From beginning up to so will be written + from “so that “up to may/might/can/could will be eliminated + to + the rest of the sentence. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ “so that” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• so āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ¨ āĻ–āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + “so that “āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• may/might/can/could āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + to + sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĨ¤ Example: Complex: The student studied hard so that he could get good marks on the exam. Simple: The student studied hard to get good marks on the exam. Complex: The singer is trying hard so that she can get the national award. Simple: The singer is trying hard to get the national award. Rule 8 If the complex sentence has “soâ€Ļâ€Ļthat” form, the simple sentence will follow this rule: too will be used in the place of so + the same thing will be placed up to that + from that up to not will be eliminated + to + the rest. āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ “soâ€Ļâ€Ļthat” form āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ, simple sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ: so āĻāĻ° āĻœā§‹ā§ŸāĻ—ā§‹ā§Ÿ too āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ + that āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ˛āĻ— āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻœāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ + that āĻ•āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• not āĻĒāĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + to + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĨ¤ Example: Complex: He is so sick that he cannot come. Simple: He is too weak to come. Rule 9 When the complex sentence has though/although, to transform it into simple form this rule will be followed: In spite of will be used in the place of though /although + subject’s possessive form + being in the place of am/is/are/was/were or having in the place of has/have/had or verb+ ing + the rest + the 2nd clause. āĻ¯āĻ–āĻŋ complex sentence āĻ though/although āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•, āĻāĻ˛āĻ• simple form āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§Ÿ: Though/although āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ In spite of āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + subject āĻāĻ° possessive form + am/is/are/was/were āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ being āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹ has/have/had āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ having āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦā§‹ verb+ ing āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻŦā§‹āĻ¨āĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ + ā§¨ā§Ÿ clause āĨ¤ Example:
  • 26. 25 Complex: Though she was sick, she worked very hard. Simple: In spite of her being sick, she worked very hard. Complex: Although he has a lot of books, he wants to buy more. Simple: In spite of his having a lot of books, he wants to buy more. Transformation: Complex to Compound – English Grammar (āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•ā§‡āĻŖ) Complex sentence āĻ•āĻ• Compound sentence āĻ āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻœā§‡āĻ¤ āĻ•ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻœāĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ āĻŋā§€āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦā§āĻœāĻŖāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ° āĻž āĨ¤ The Rules for transforming complex sentence to Compound sentence are discussed below. A complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ Complex sentence āĻ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ dependent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ•āĨ¤ Such as, I will wait here until you come. On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions. āĻĒā§‡ā§‹āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ compound sentence āĻ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŸāĻŋ independent clause āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ°ā§‹ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• sentence āĻ¨āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¸āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§‹āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ coordinating conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĨ¤ Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies. Rule 1 If the complex sentence has “though”/”Although” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses.
  • 27. 26 Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “though”/”Although” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy. Compound: He is poor, but he is happy. Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard. Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard. Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable. Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable. Rule 2 If the complex sentence has “lest” in the middle having “should” after the person, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect the different clauses, and future tense will be used in the second clause. Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ “lest” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ person āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° “should” āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻ future tense āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤ LETCWF Complex: Study hard lest you should fail. Compound: Study hard, or you will fail. Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team. Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team. Rule 3 If the complex sentence has “As soon as” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses. Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “As soon as” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence “and” conjunction āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey. Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey. Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting. Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting. Rule 4
  • 28. 27 If the complex sentence has “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” to connect the different clauses. Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “since”/”as”/”when” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§ƒāĻĨāĻ• clause āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ ā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¯ā§āĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĨ¤ LETCWF Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place. Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place. Complex: As she was ill, she did not come. Compound: She was ill, so she did not come. Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west. Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening. Rule 5 If the complex sentence has relative pronoun “who”, the compound sentence will use “and” in that place and object of the first clause will be the subject of the second clause. Complex sentence āĻ relative pronoun “who” āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence āĻ•āĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ “and” āĻŦā§‡āĻŦāĻšā§‹āĻ° āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ clause āĻāĻ° object āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ā§€ā§Ÿ clause āĻāĻ° subject āĻšāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻ¯ā§‹ā§Ÿ āĨ¤ Complex: I saw a girl who was singing. Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing. Complex: I have a friend who is a writer. Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer. Rule 6 If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”. Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ negative āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻļ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ “Let+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + subordinate clause āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause” āĨ¤ LETCWF Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it. Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
  • 29. 28 Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks. Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks. Rule 7 If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main clause”. Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° first or third person āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹ āĻšā§Ÿ, “Let+ pronoun āĻāĻ° object form + āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clauses āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ “and” + main clause” āĨ¤ Complex: If I go there, I will be able to learn it. Compound: let me go there, and I will be able to learn it. Complex: if I study hard, I will be able to get good marks. Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks. Rule 8 When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + the main clause. Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ negative āĻ…āĻĨā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•ā§‹āĻļ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ “If you do not” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ—āĻ˛ā§Ÿ verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤ Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail. Compound: Study hard, or you will fail. Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer. Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer. Rule 9 When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and it’s in affirmative form, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause.
  • 30. 29 Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “if” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¤ā§ā§‹ āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ affirmative form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ “If you do not” āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ—āĻ˛ā§Ÿ verb āĻāĻ° affirmative form + and + main clause āĻšā§Ÿ āĨ¤ Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks. Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks. Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase. Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase. Rule 10 If the complex sentence has “soâ€Ļthat” form, the compound sentence will follow this Rule, “very “ in place of “so”; ”and” in place of “that” +so/hence/therefore+ main clause. Complex sentence āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋ “soâ€Ļthat” form āĻ āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻŦ compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻŋā§ŸāĻŽ follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “so” āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ “very “; “that” āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§‹āĻ˛āĻŋ ”and” +so/hence/therefore + main clause āĨ¤ Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work. Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work. Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand. Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand. Rule 11 If the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person(you), the compound sentence will follow this structure, “Unless and you will be omitted + ”or” between two clauses+ main clause.” LETCWF Complex sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻ¤ā§ “Unless” āĻ“ āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ˛āĻ° second person (you) āĻĨā§‹āĻ•āĻ˛ , compound sentence āĻāĻ‡ structure follow āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ, “Unless āĻ“ you āĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‹āĻ˛āĻŦ + āĻĻā§āĻ‡ clause āĻāĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻ˛āĻ ”or” + main clause āĨ¤ Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers. Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers. Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer. Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer. Shortcuts
  • 31. 30 āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻžāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻž Comopesd by Š LETCWF If There any Mistakes or any Queries, Please Contact to Our Page or Mail Us: Like our page:
  • 32. 31 Join Our Goup to do Practice or find out more Important Topics : https://m.facebook.com/groups/336017433626949/ Or . https://m.facebook.com/groups/letcwf/ For HSC/Admission Test/Others: 1. http://bit.ly/39LtZEB 2. https://m.facebook.com/groups/437182293824020/ 3. http://bit.ly/2tp7vta āĻ­āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ°ā§āĻœāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŸāĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻ• āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ• āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻļā§‡ āĻ‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡ā§‡āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§‡ āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻŽ ā§‡āĻ°ā§ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ ā§‡āĻ•āĻĄāĻžāĻ‰āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ­āĻļāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ˛āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ˛āĻ¤ ā§Ģā§Ļ% āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ–ā§‡ āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ­āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§‡? āĻŦāĻ‡ ā§‡āĻž āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻšā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ā§ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ‡ āĨ¤ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŋ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻāĻĢ āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻ­āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§ā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ­āĻļāĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ‡ āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻ…āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ Pdf āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ ā§‡āĻž ā§‡āĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ§āĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻž: , ✍āĻ­āĻĒāĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ–āĻ¯āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻŽ(10-12 āĻ­āĻĒāĻ‡āĻŋ) āĻšāĻ“ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ‰āĻŸāĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻ­ā§‡āĻžāĻ•āĻžā§‡ āĻ­āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ§āĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ , , ✍āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻž āĻ•ā§‡āĻžāĻ˛āĻŽāĻ° āĻ­ā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžā§‡āĻžāĻ˛āĻ°āĻ° āĻšāĻ“ā§‡āĻžā§‡ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻĻā§ƒāĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻžāĻšā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ˛āĻŦ ā§‡ā§€āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ°ā§ā§‡ā§‡ ,ā§‡āĻž āĻ­āĻ¤āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻŋā§‡āĻ¯ āĻ–ā§āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§€ āĨ¤ , , ✍ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻ˛āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§‡ āĻ­āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ“āĻ˛āĻĒā§‡ āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻĒā§‡āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛āĻŦ āĨ¤ , , ✍āĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ā§āĻ°ā§ā§‡ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ­āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ˛āĻĄāĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŋ āĻŸāĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻ•āĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻ° ā§‡āĻ¤ā§ ā§‡ ā§‡āĻ¤ā§ ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ˛āĻŸāĻŽ āĻ­ā§‡āĻžāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻā§‡āĻžā§‡āĻžāĻ“ āĻ°āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ ā§‡āĻžā§‡āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ§āĻžāĨ¤ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋāĻ° āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĻŋāĻ‚āĻ•: https://bruredu-my.sharepoint.com/:b:/g/personal/alaminislam_bruredu_onmicrosoft_com/ETFSY- Q4tJhNsKgk0UduAX8BtJLmC0q0rtCH993ysqiRIg?e=IDIU85 āĻĢāĻžāĻ‡ā§‡āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†ā§‡ā§‡āĻ• āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ°ā§āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ° āĻ‡ā§‡āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ­ā§‡āĻžāĻŋāĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§ā§‡āĨ¤ *āĻļāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŋāĻ˛ā§‡āĻžāĻŋāĻ¯
  • 34. 33 ŠReference/Source: English Bangla Dictionary Advanced English Learners Grammar and Composition “ Learn English To Communicate With Foreigner “ Facebook Group BCS Preliminary Analysis BCS Inception .....etc