video lecture also available at https://youtu.be/zXBitZeWwRs

1. MADE BY
FAIZANASRULLAH

4. Lungs:
•The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled
organs located on either side of the chest
(thorax).
•The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled
air into the lungs through its tubular
branches, called bronchi.

5. •The bronchi then divide into smaller and
smaller branches (bronchioles), finally
becoming microscopic.

6. Anatomical Position:
•Two lungs (left and right)
•within the thoracic cavity
•surrounded by a pleural cavity
•suspended from the mediastinum by the
lung root

8. Structure of lungs:
•The lungs are roughly cone shaped, with
an
1. apex,
2. base,
3. three surfaces and
4. three borders.
•The left lung is slightly smaller than the
right

9. •Apex: The blunt superior end of the lung.
It projects upwards, above the level of the
1st rib and into the floor of the neck.
•Base: The inferior surface of the lung,
which sits on the diaphragm.

10. •Surfaces (three) – These correspond to the
area of the thorax that they face. They are
named
1. costal,
2. mediastinal and
3. diaphragmatic.
•.

11. •Borders (three) – The edges of the lungs,
named the
1. anterior,
2. inferior and
3. posterior borders

13. Root and Hilum :
•The lung root is a collection of structures
that suspends the lung from the
mediastinum.
•Each root contains a bronchus, pulmonary
artery, two pulmonary veins, bronchial
vessels, pulmonary plexus of nerves and
lymphatic vessels.

14. •All these structures enter or leave the lung
via the hilum – a wedge shaped area on its
mediastinal surface.

15. Lobes of Lungs:
•Right Lung:
•The right lung has three lobes;
1. superior,
2. middle and
3. inferior.

16. •The lobes are divided from each other by
two fissures:
1. Oblique Fissure
2. Horizontal fissure

17. •Left Lung:
The left lung contains
1. superior and
2. inferior lobes,
•which are separated by a similar oblique
fissure.

20. Bronchial Tree:
•The bronchial tree is a series of passages
that supplies air to the alveoli of the lungs.
•It begins with the trachea, which divides
into a left and right bronchus.
1. lobar bronchi
2. Segmental bronchi
3. Terminal bronchi

22. Broncho-pulmonary segments of lungs:
•There are twenty broncho-pulmonary
segments in the right and left lung:

24. Difference between left and right lung: