2. The file survey.sav used for the research is a study
conducted by graduate diploma Educational psychology
students.
The survey used a variety of validated scales measuring
constructs that the extensive literature on stress coping
suggest people’s experience of stress.
The study was done to explore the factors that impact the
psychological adjustments and well-being.
INTRODUCTION
4. Has a scale of 4.
Total self esteem has been build up by 10
questions.
It has 5 variables in reverse.
There are 347 valid entries, minimum score
given is 18 and maximum score is 40.
The average score is 33.34
Total Self Esteem
5. It is divided into 6 categories
1 = primary
2 = some secondary
3 = completed high school
4 = some additional training
5 = completed undergraduate
6 = completed postgraduate.
Education Level
The data is of 350 people.
Mean is 4.06 which indicates that on an average people have
taken some additional training.
6. It is divided in 3 categories
Young = 18-29yrs (f = 119)
Middle = 30-44yrs (f = 123)
Old = 45+yrs (f = 108)
There are 350 people, minimum age
being 18 & maximum age being 82.
The average age is 37.40.
Age Group 3
8. We want to see that if self esteem is increasing with
the increase in the education level or not.
To answer this, we divided the variable educ into two
groups namely “Primary education level” and
“higher education level”. Then we applied
Independent sample t-test to find if the total self-
esteem is improving with the education level or
not.
9. HYPOTHESIS :
Ho: Mean of self-esteem of the people with
higher level of education is equal to mean of the
self-esteem of the people with lower level of
education.
H1: Mean of self-esteem of the people with
higher level of education is not equal to mean of
the self-esteem of the people with lower level of
education.
10. PROCEDURE
In the problem given in the question we compared mean for total self
esteem for primary and higher level of education. Therefore, using
independent t-test would give us clear picture about the relationship
between both the variables.
INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T - TEST
It is an inferential statistical test that determines whether there is a
statistically significant difference between the means in two unrelated
groups.
11. The p-value which is 0.007 is lower than the alpha value (0.05) which is
indicating that we will reject the null hypothesis.
12. INTERPRETATION
An Independent sample t-test was conducted to evaluate that educational attainment
improves self-esteem or not (N = 347). The independent variable educ included six
groups.
We created a new variable in which we further divided the educ variable into two
different group.
We found that the p-value which is 0.007 is lower than the alpha value (0.05) and
hence we reject the null hypothesis.
By analyzing all this we concluded that the mean of self-esteem of the people with
higher level of education is significantly different from the mean of the self-esteem
of the people with lower level of education.
Therefore, we interpret that total self-esteem improves with educational attainment.
14. In this problem we need to find that whether self-esteem change
essentially between young and old age group or not.
HYPOTHESIS :
Ho: Mean of total self esteem of young people is equal to mean of
total self esteem of old people.
H1: Mean of total self esteem of young people is not equal to mean of
total self esteem of old people.
15. PROCEDURE :
We used One-way ANOVA as there is one quantitative dependent
variable (Total Self Esteem) and one-independent categorical variable
(Different age groups).
ANOVA, which stands for Analysis of Variance, is a statistical test
used to analyze the difference between the means of more than two
groups. A one-way ANOVA uses one independent variable, while a
two-way ANOVA uses two independent variables.
16. The assumption of homogeneity of variances was tested and found
tenable using Levene’s test, p = 0.404
17. Here the value of significance is 0.068 which is greater than 0.05,
which indicates that we do not have statistically significant difference
among the groups.
18. There are no significance pair wise differences between the mean scores of young and old
age groups. The significance value is 0.063 which is greater than 0.05, which indicates
that value is in the acceptance region. Therefore, we can say that the self esteem does not
vary significantly between young & old age group.
19. INTERPRETATION
Thus, there is no significant evidence to reject null hypothesis and
conclude there is no significant difference between the self-esteem of
young and old age group.
20. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including
icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
Thank you
Prepared by: Group 5
Aishwarya Choudhary – 20DM013
Anam Fatima – 20DM029
Ananya Pandey – 20DM031
Ayushi Bansal – 20DM054
Ayushi Garg – 20DM056
Diksha Gupta – 20DM072
