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Perception by Aijaz Aryan
- 1. PERCEPTION Presented By: Aijaz Ahmed Rather I.K.G Punjab Technical University
- 2. According to ‘ Stephen Robbins’ “Perception may be defined as a process by which sensory individuals organize & interpret their impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.”
- 3. Example: There were 3 workers breaking rocks at construction site of a Temple. Some body asked one of the worker, “ What are you doing?” he answered “Don’t you see I am just breaking the Rock”? The other said, “ I am working for Rs. 50 per Day”. The third worker replied, “ I am proud of the fact that I am helping to build this Temple.”This story explains that the behaviour of an individual is result of the way he perceives the things.
- 4. Cognitive Process: Perception is the basic cognitive or psychological process. The manner in which a person perceives the environment affects his behavior. Intellectual Process: Perception is the intellectual process through which a person series the data environment, organizes it, & obtains meaning from from the it. perceive on what Subjective Process: Different people may the same environmental event differently based particular aspects of the situation they choose to absorb.
- 17. Perceptual Errors OR Problems: Stereotyping: It means Judging people on the basis of the nature of the group, to which they belong. Example: One can say that Italians are quick Tempered, Fat men are Jolly, Older women are Motherly etc.
- 18. Impression: People generally form impression about others on the first sight, even before knowing any of their other characteristics, an individual starts having impressions about others and perceives accordingly. Example: If a New employee in an Industrial Organisation is judged on the basis of his first impression on his boss, it will be great injustice to such an employee.
- 19. Halo Effect: The Tendency of Judging People on the basis of a single Trait, which may be Good or Bad, Favourable or Unfavourable. Example: A worker who has an excellent attendance record is often judged as highly productive though facts may not be so, on the other hand a employee with poor attendance may be rated as less productive though may not be the case in fact.
- 20. Projection: It means attributing one’s own feelings to someone else. Example: People who is fearful may interpret others behaviour on fearful. Attribution: It means when we observe an individual’s behaviour we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. Example: A nurse who drops a tray of medicine will be excused if the incident is perceived as caused by slippery floor or she may also be fired if it is taken as deliberate act.
- 21. Inference: It is a tendency on the part of some people to judge others on limited information. A right performance appraisal must not be based on half cooked or incomplete information. Example: An employee might be sitting at his desk throughout the working hours without doing anything, but he may be inferred that he is sincere towards his duties.
- 22. Selective Perception: In this people tend to percieve what is in accordance with their needs, motives and interest. Example: If a man feels very threatened or injured, everything around him will appear to be potential source of danger.
- 23. Perceptual Set: People tend to interpret the behaviour of others according to their mental set up and this concept is known as Perpectual set. Example: If a general manager of a Hotel have developed a general belief and attitudes that workers are lazy and shirkers that they want to gain whatever is possible from the organisation without giving best to it. His subsequent perceptions will be influenced by this set when meet the group of people.
- 24. THANKS