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Praktikum kali ini dilakukan percobaanoertukaran ion dengan menggunakan resin penukar
ion. Resin penukar ion yang digunakan yaitu jenis resin katio dan resin anion. Keluaran
hasil dari proses ini adalah dapat diperolehnya air demineralisasi dimana air tersebut
merupakan hasil proses penghilangan kation dan anion yang terkandung didalamnya.
Beberapa kandungan mineral yang dihilangkan dalam bentuk kation dan anion pada air
yaitu : Na+
,Ca2+
,Mg2=
, K+
,Fe3=
,cl-
, so4
2-
,dan CO3
2-
(Lee,2005). Air demineralisasi banyak
di gunakan di industry sebagai kebutuhan air umpan boiler.
Air umpan yang digunakan yaitu air tanah diambil dari keran lab PLI POLBAN. Sebelum
dilakukan pertukaran ion atau in service dilakukan proses backwash yang bertujuan untuk
menghilangkan material tersuspensi yang terakumulasi dalam unggun selain itu juga untuk
mengaduk resin sehingga partikulat padat yang menyelubungi resin dapat terlepas. Pada
tabel hasil 4.1.2 nilai kekeruhan yang menjadi parameter pada proses backwash semakin
menurun terhadap waktu dimana pada resin kation menjadi bernilai 1,94 NTU sedangkan
pada resin anion 1,70 NTU. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan teori dimana kekeruhan pada
keluaran akan menurun karena pengotor akan keluar bersamaan dengan air keluaran yang
digunakan. batas maksimal kekeruhan air bersih menurut PERMENKES RI Nomor 416
Tahun 1990 adalah 25 skala NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), nilai akhir yang didapat
<25 NTU menandakan air sudah tergolong air besih. Menjadikan resin dapat digunakan
kembali.
Selanjutnya dilakukan proses in service. Parameter yang diamati yaitu total hardness pada
effluent resin penukar kation , DHL dan pH pada effluent resin penukar anion. Dari tabel
hasil 4.1.4 dan grafik 4.1.4 nilai Total hardness mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan yng
tidak signifikan (fluktuasi), hal tersebut mungkin dapat menjadikan bahwa resin sudah
dalam kondisi jenuh sehingga selanjutnya perlu dilakukan regenerasi. Selain itu, parameter
yang digunakan untuk dilakukan proses regenerasiresin kation yaitu FMA menunjukan pH
mendekati netral ( saat in service pH effluent rendah 4 ), dan nilai hardness mulai naik.
Sedangkan pada resin anion dapat dilihat dari kandungan silica (maksimum 0,12 ppm)
[Soeswanto Bambang, tanpa tahun]. Nilai Total hardness yang kami dapat di rentang 18-
22 mg/l caco3 maka air hasil pengolahan tergolong pada kalsifikasi soft water.
Klasifikasi total hardness dalam air (Freezy and Chery, 1979):
Water
Classification
Total Hardness
Consentration in (mg/L)
as CaCO3
Soft 0 – 50
Moderately
soft
50 – 100
Slighty hard 100 – 150
Moderately
hard
150 – 200
Hard 200 – 300
Very Hard >300
Pada tabel hasil 4.1.4, grafik 4.1.2 nilai DHL pada keluaran resin anion terjadi fluktuasi
pada rentang 161,9 – 16,3 𝜇𝑆/𝑐𝑚. Nilai ini tidak berbeda jauh dengan nilai sebelum proses
in service yaitu sebesar 161,6 𝜇𝑆/𝑐𝑚. Hal ini dapat menandakan bahwa resin anion sudah
dalam keadaa jenuh sehingga perlu dilakukan regenerasi resin. Pada grafik 4.1.3 dapat
dilihat bahwa pH mengalami kenaikan yang tidak terlalu signifikan pada menit ke 25 dan
30 dari 6 menjadi 6,5 , namun hal tersebut masih dalam keadaan netral.

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Pli pembahasan ie

  • 1. Praktikum kali ini dilakukan percobaanoertukaran ion dengan menggunakan resin penukar ion. Resin penukar ion yang digunakan yaitu jenis resin katio dan resin anion. Keluaran hasil dari proses ini adalah dapat diperolehnya air demineralisasi dimana air tersebut merupakan hasil proses penghilangan kation dan anion yang terkandung didalamnya. Beberapa kandungan mineral yang dihilangkan dalam bentuk kation dan anion pada air yaitu : Na+ ,Ca2+ ,Mg2= , K+ ,Fe3= ,cl- , so4 2- ,dan CO3 2- (Lee,2005). Air demineralisasi banyak di gunakan di industry sebagai kebutuhan air umpan boiler. Air umpan yang digunakan yaitu air tanah diambil dari keran lab PLI POLBAN. Sebelum dilakukan pertukaran ion atau in service dilakukan proses backwash yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan material tersuspensi yang terakumulasi dalam unggun selain itu juga untuk mengaduk resin sehingga partikulat padat yang menyelubungi resin dapat terlepas. Pada tabel hasil 4.1.2 nilai kekeruhan yang menjadi parameter pada proses backwash semakin menurun terhadap waktu dimana pada resin kation menjadi bernilai 1,94 NTU sedangkan pada resin anion 1,70 NTU. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan teori dimana kekeruhan pada keluaran akan menurun karena pengotor akan keluar bersamaan dengan air keluaran yang digunakan. batas maksimal kekeruhan air bersih menurut PERMENKES RI Nomor 416 Tahun 1990 adalah 25 skala NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit), nilai akhir yang didapat <25 NTU menandakan air sudah tergolong air besih. Menjadikan resin dapat digunakan kembali. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses in service. Parameter yang diamati yaitu total hardness pada effluent resin penukar kation , DHL dan pH pada effluent resin penukar anion. Dari tabel hasil 4.1.4 dan grafik 4.1.4 nilai Total hardness mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan yng tidak signifikan (fluktuasi), hal tersebut mungkin dapat menjadikan bahwa resin sudah dalam kondisi jenuh sehingga selanjutnya perlu dilakukan regenerasi. Selain itu, parameter yang digunakan untuk dilakukan proses regenerasiresin kation yaitu FMA menunjukan pH mendekati netral ( saat in service pH effluent rendah 4 ), dan nilai hardness mulai naik. Sedangkan pada resin anion dapat dilihat dari kandungan silica (maksimum 0,12 ppm) [Soeswanto Bambang, tanpa tahun]. Nilai Total hardness yang kami dapat di rentang 18- 22 mg/l caco3 maka air hasil pengolahan tergolong pada kalsifikasi soft water. Klasifikasi total hardness dalam air (Freezy and Chery, 1979):
  • 2. Water Classification Total Hardness Consentration in (mg/L) as CaCO3 Soft 0 – 50 Moderately soft 50 – 100 Slighty hard 100 – 150 Moderately hard 150 – 200 Hard 200 – 300 Very Hard >300 Pada tabel hasil 4.1.4, grafik 4.1.2 nilai DHL pada keluaran resin anion terjadi fluktuasi pada rentang 161,9 – 16,3 𝜇𝑆/𝑐𝑚. Nilai ini tidak berbeda jauh dengan nilai sebelum proses in service yaitu sebesar 161,6 𝜇𝑆/𝑐𝑚. Hal ini dapat menandakan bahwa resin anion sudah dalam keadaa jenuh sehingga perlu dilakukan regenerasi resin. Pada grafik 4.1.3 dapat dilihat bahwa pH mengalami kenaikan yang tidak terlalu signifikan pada menit ke 25 dan 30 dari 6 menjadi 6,5 , namun hal tersebut masih dalam keadaan netral.