Multispectral imaging provides valuable information on the quality and safety of a vast array of materials from pharmaceuticals to raw meat and burned biscuits. The same techniques can be used to measure skin sensitivity to sticking plaster, detect counterfeit drugs and packaging and gain insight into historical artefacts such as medieval manuscripts and weapons. The VideometerLab 3 takes 19 images at 19 specific wavelengths in ultraviolet, visible and infrared light. With multivariate statistical analysis we can reveal hidden patterns in our 19-dimension colour space and find information that would be otherwise 'invisible' to our human eyes.

1. © analytikLtd
analytikLtd
VideometerLab 3 Multi-Spectral Imaging System
MSI for Grain and Seed Analysis
www.analytik.co.uk

2. © analytikLtd
Traditional colour imaging uses
three broad bands of colour:
Red, Green and Blue
Normal Colour Imaging

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Normal Colour Imaging
• RGB photographs have
limited spectral resolution
• Chlorophyll a and b give
almost the same RGB
signal and are not
spectrally separated
Chloro-a High Low High
Chloro-b High Low High

4. © analytikLtd
Multispectral Imaging
Chloro-a High Low Low High
Chloro-b Med High Med Low
• Using just 4 wavelength
bands with tightly defined
ranges, Chlorophyll a and b
can easily be distinguished
• VideometerLab 3 uses 19
wavelength bands

5. © analytikLtd
Multispectral Imaging
• Many images obtained at
selective wavelength bands
• Each image pixel contains
spectral data points
• Spectral signature reveals
chemo-specific information
• See spatial location of
surface chemical variation
Ultraviolet Near-Infrared
Infra-Red
Red
Yellow
Green
Blue
Ultra-Violet

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VideometerLab 3 Schematic
• Narrowband illumination
provided by 19 LEDs between
375nm-970nm (UV-Vis-VNIR)
• Integrating sphere diffuses light
onto sample
• 2056x2056 CCD camera captures
reflectance at each LED
wavelength for each pixel
• Emission filter wheel for
longpass/bandpass filtering
• Bright-field or dark-field lighting
for translucency or diffuse scatter
imaging
Camera
LEDs
Integrating
sphere
Emission
filter
wheel
Sample

7. © analytikLtd
VideometerLab 3 Schematic
• Precise lighting control for optimal
illumination of each sample across
whole spectrum
• Diffuse light on sample ensures
even lighting from all directions
• Broadband camera spectrally
and spatially calibrated (NIST)
• Emission filters enable
multispectral reflectance and
fluorescence imaging abilities
• Powerful, user-friendly image
analysis and quantification
software for data and modelling
Camera
LEDs
Integrating
sphere
Emission
filter
wheel
Sample

8. © analytikLtd
VideometerLab 3 Schematic

9. © analytikLtd
MSI Analysis Process
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• The VideometerLab identifies the spectral signature of these sesame
seeds

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MSI Analysis Process
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• The VideometerLab identifies the spectral signature of these sesame
seeds

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MSI Analysis Process
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• It will then identify that there is something not matching the ‘sesame
seed’ spectral signature in this mix

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MSI Analysis Process
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• It will then identify that there is something not matching the ‘sesame
seed’ spectral signature in this mix

13. © analytikLtd
MSI Analysis Process
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• Magnification of the previous image
1mm

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• A false colour image to aid visual assessment of chitting is
simply four clicks of the mouse
Chitting
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• The dark spots on the right image are the beginning of the
germination
Chitting
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• They can also be counted and analysed quantitively very easily.
The image on the left has highlighted only areas of chitting
Chitting
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17. © analytikLtd
• Alternatively, the ratio of germinating to non-germinating
seeds could be measured automatically
Chitting
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18. © analytikLtd
• The same types of analysis can be applied to rootlets
Rootlets
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• Acrospire modeling compares the length of the acrospire with the length
of the seed, and in contrast to other methods only requires boiling the
seed in water for ten minutes
Acrospire Length
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• Methods of estimating the ratio of embryo to husk in grist
are time consuming
Grist Draff
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• The Videometer can tell between embryo and husk with
almost perfect clarity in less than ten seconds
Grist Draff
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22. © analytikLtd
• The Videometer can quantify the important information
clearly and precisely
Grist Draff
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Husk Area (mm2) Embryo Area (mm2) Ratio
3068 230 13.3

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• By masking out all non-data from an image, the Videometer
can distinguish long, thin Durum from short, fat Mascot grains
Variety - Geometric
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• The table to the right shows some of the data which the
Videometer uses to classify this mixed sample
Variety - Geometric
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• Alternatively, the Videometer can use spectral data to distinguish
between UV-absorbent Optic (left) and UV-reflectent Concerto (right)
Variety - Spectral
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• The ‘redder’ a grain, the more likely it is to be Optic and the ‘bluer’ the
more likely Concerto. The background has been arbitrarily coloured red
Variety - Spectral
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• This can also be quantified. In a real setting, you would use both spatial
and spectral data to get the most accurate discrimination possible
Variety - Spectral
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Really… % Similarity
Optic
% Similarity
Concerto
Optic 97.25 2.75
Concerto 1.25 98.75

28. © analytikLtd
• By teaching the Videometer the difference between a skinned and
intact grain, it can instantly replace a labour-intensive application by
quantifying the percentage of skinned grains
Skinning
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29. © analytikLtd
• Some details from the last slide
Skinning
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30. © analytikLtd
• Some of these grains have strange black tips, highlighted in
the image on the right
Anomaly Analysis
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31. © analytikLtd
• Detail of the previous slide
Anomaly Analysis
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32. © analytikLtd
• This slide shows a quantification of the differences in the
ultra-blue band between ‘normal grain’ and ‘black tip’
Anomaly Analysis
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33. © analytikLtd
• This graph is the full spectrum for the ‘normal grain’ (the two blue lines)
and the ‘black tip’ (the red line), clearly showing the difference
Anomaly Analysis
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34. © analytikLtd
• This slide demonstrates how a false-colour image of fusarium-infected
grains can help an operator determine the extent of the infection
Fusarium
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• A more systematic model has been developed by Videometer (in
collaboration with the Carlsberg Research Institute) showing an
impressive R2 value of 0.85 versus real-time PCR
Fusarium
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36. © analytikLtd
• Though the Videometer is a surface technique, it can quantify levels of
hydration in grain with a small amount of sample preparation. Light blue
areas are not hydrated
Hydration
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37. © analytikLtd
The Videometer is an excellent tool for
many grain and seed applications, and
can be used throughout the quality
control and R&D cycle – from raw
material intake to final product QC and
lab analysis
Videometer can perform other roles too.
If a feasibility study such as those shown
here interest you, my contact details are
on the next slide
Conclusions
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38. © analytikLtd
Contact
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analytikLtd
Adrian Waltho – Sales Specialist
Tel: +44 (0)870 991 4044 Fax: +44 (0)870 135 2488 Email: adrian.waltho@analytik.co.uk
Barn B, 2 Cygnus Business Park, Middle Watch, Swavesey, Cambridgeshire, CB24 4AA
www.analytik.co.uk