Endotracheal intubation involves inserting a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose. It is done to administer oxygen, remove secretions, promote airway patency, or assist with breathing difficulties. The document discusses indications for intubation, equipment needed, steps for performing intubation, post-intubation care, complications, and the importance of documentation.

1. BY ADNAN QADIR

2. It is the procedure in which an
endotracheal tube is inserted
through the nose or mouth into
the trachea.

4.  To administer oxygen.
 To remove secretions.
 To promote airway patency.
 To assist when the patient has difficulty in
breathing.
 To administer anesthetics.

5.  Inability to maintain tone of the airway in
conditions such as
- trauma of the face and neck with
oropharyngeal bleeding.
- edema of upper airway secondary to
anaphylaxis.
 Inability to have spontaneous ventilation
despite prolonged respiratory effort in case of
COPD
Status asthmatics

6.  Poor oxygenation.
ARDs
Pneumonia
Carbon monoxide toxicity
Cyanide toxicity
 Clinically deteriorating conditions
CNS depression
Neuromuscular disease
Septic shock

7.  Complete obstruction of upper
airway in which surgical airway
is only remedy.
 Cervical spine injury

8.  A wide variety of endotracheal tubes are used
either oro-tracheal or naso-tracheal
intubations.
 Some of them are having cuffs while others
don’t.
 Oro-tracheal tubes arev larger than naso
tubes.
 Size is maked in mm on outer side of tube.

10.  New born 2.5mm – 4mm
 0-1 years 4mm – 4.5mm
 Upto 10 yrs 5mm- 7mm
 Above 10 yrs 7mm – 8mm
 Adults 8mm – 9.5mm

11.  Check the patient’s name and other
identification data.
 Check the vital signs
 Asses the level of consciousness
 Asses the anatomy of airway such as ability to
open the mouth,presence of dentures and
size of tongue.
 Check the oxygen saturation and ABG results.
 Findings of x ray chest.

12. An intubation tube of appropriate size
I. Endotracheal tube of appropriate size
II. Stylet –a wire
III. Laryngoscope with appropriate striaght/curved blade
IV. Oral airway
V. Magill’s forceps
VI. Suction catheter
VII. Suction apparatus oxygen source and tubing
VIII. Disposable syringe xiv. Cotton tape
IX. Xylocaine jelly xv. scissor
X. Towel xvi. Rolled towel
XI. Sterile gloves and mask xvii. Induction agents as per
XII. Ambu bag and mask physicians order .
XIII. Stethoscope

14.  Explain the procedure to the patients and family.
 Assemble and prepare all the equipments needed.
Assemble laryngoscope and ensure that light is bright.
Place the ET tube in a sterile field.
Lubricate the distal end of the tube with xylocaine jelly.
Insert the stylet into the ET tube
 Ensure that all the equipments are in working condition.
 Asses the loose teeth/dentures/foreign body in throat ;if so remove with
magill’s forceps.
 Position the patient with head and slightly elevated at 10 ;remove the
headboard if possible and needed . Place the rolled towel under the neck .
 Administer premedications (induction agents) as per order.
 Spray the anesthetic medicine in the throat if needed

15.  Apply suction to the oral cavity.
 Provide laryngoscope to doctor.
 Hold laryngoscope in the left hand and insert the blade along the right side of
the tongue ;with the right thumb and index finger ;pull lower lip away from
the patient’s lower teeth.
 Lift the laryngoscope upwards and forward at 45 .
 After visualizing the vocal cords ,insert the ET into the right side while
continuously visualizing the vocal cards .
 Insert the tube slowly ,gradually and downward till it reaches beyond the
cords.
 Once it reaches beyond the cords , remove laryngoscope and withdraw
stylet, the tube when inserted should have 22 mm marking at the incisor
teeth.
 Confirm the correct position of the tube by
BILATERAL CHEST MOVEMENTS
AUSCULTATION OF CHEST

16.  Attach the ambu bag with the oxygen
connection to ET tube and continue the
bagging to ventilate.
 Inflate the cuff with 10 ml of air.
 Insert the oral airway and apply suctioning if
necessary.
 Secure the tube in place with adhesive tube.
 Ensure the chest x ray is taken.

17.  Never leave the patient alone.
 Provide a comfortable position.
 Watch and maintain an open airway.
 Remove the secretions by effective suctioning.
 Prevent displacement of tube.
 Watch for complications such as laryngeal, oedema, tracheal
stenosis, heamorrhage.
 Provide for the humidification of air by boiling a kettle of
water in the patient’s unit.
 Prevent infection introduced into the lungs.
 Prevent contamination of inhaled air,
 Maintain oral hygiene.
 Maintain adequate nutrition of the patient by naso gastric
feeding or by giving IV fluids. They should never be fed an
oral feeds as long as tube is in the mouth.

18.  It includes the following
a. Date and time of intubation.
b. Pre procedure assessment.
c. Et tube type and size.
d. Cuff pressure
e. Condition during and post procedure.
f. Follow up.

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