This document summarizes liquefaction, which is when saturated or partially saturated soil loses strength and stiffness during an earthquake, behaving like a liquid. It discusses objectives to understand liquefaction and susceptible soils. Methods to reduce liquefaction include avoiding susceptible soils or designing resistant foundations. Shallow foundations need uniform movement while deep foundations must resist lateral loads. Liquefaction can damage bridges and tilt buildings on piles. Solutions include consolidating and dewatering sediment layers. A case study examines soil types affected in Gujarat's 2001 earthquake.

1. Liquefaction
.
RADADIYA MEHUL 14SOECV11042
RAIYANI PRARIK 14SOECV11043
SOJITRA KHUSHAL 14SOECV11050
SUDANI TWINKLE 14SOECV11051

2. Content
1) Introduction
2) Objective
3) Method to reduce liquefaction
4) Shallow foundation aspect
5) Deep foundation aspect
6) Effect of liquefaction
7) Solution
8) Litrature review
9) Case study
10)Reference

3. 2. What is soil liquefaction
 a phenomenon whereby saturated or partially saturated
soil substantially losses strength and stiffness in response
to an applied the stress, usually earthquake shaking or
other sudden change in stress condition , causing it to
behave like liquid.
1.What is liquefaction
 Liquefaction is the name given to the process that
convert a solid soil mass in to a liquid.
Introduction

5. Objective
To understand the liquefaction
The process that causes the soil to collapse and liquefy
during an earthquake.
Which soil are most susceptible to this occurrence.
To find out which soil are strong on their own or could
be combined with another soil to make it more stable
during an earthquake.

6. Method to reduce liquefaction
(1) Avoil liquefaction -susceptible soil:-
the first possibility is to avoid construction on
liquefaction susceptible soil.
(2) Build liquefaction-resistance structure:-
it may be possible to make the structure liquefaction
resistant by designing the foundation element to resist the
effect of liquefaction.

7. Continuous………
Shallow foundation aspect
it is important that all foundation
element in shallow foundation are tied
together to make the foundation move
or settlement uniformly, thus decrease
the amount of shear force induced in
the structural elements resting upon the
foundation.
structure that possesses ductility ,has the ability to
accommodate large deformation, a adjustable support for
correction of differential settlements.

8. Deep foundation aspect
liquefaction can cause large lateral
load on pile foundation.
pile driven through a weak
potentially soil layer to a stronger
layer not only have to carry
vertical load from the
superstructure, but must also be
able resist horizontal load and
bending moments induced by
lateral movement if the weak layer
liquefies.

9. Effect of liquefaction
The effect of soil like on the built environment can be
extremely damaging.
Bridge and large building constructed on pile foundation
may lose support from the adjacent soil and buckle or come
to rest at a tilt after shaking.

11. Earthquake effect
• The effect of Earthquake include ,but are not limited
to, the following:
1) landslides
2)fires.
3)soil liquefaction
4) tsunami
5)floods
6)human impact

14. Solution
To minimize liquefaction, one successful approach I'd to
lower into the ground, a self digging apparatus till the
desired depth is reached; then it is set in motion vibrating
the soil surrounding it.
this consolidates the sediment layer itself, a and de-water it
up to the surface.
The ground surface will naturally after during this process,
and the surface is graded to the desired contour, filled as
necessary with overburden, and smoothed off.

15. No Author Year Title
1 Adams,john;khan, 2007 Research
method for
graduate
business and
social science
student
2 Baglione L 2012 Research Paper
in political
science
3 Bolderston,Amanda 2008(June) Writing an
effective
literature
review(journal
of medical
imaging and
radiation science
Literature review

16. Case study: Gujarat Earthquake, 2001
• SOIL CONDITION
S.no Region Type of soil
1 Ahmedabad and surrounding
region
Alluvial belt
2 Bhuj and surrounding region Silty sand
3 Coastal area (kandla) Soft clay
4 South Gujarat Expansive clay

17. Reference
• Images Google
• Contain www.wheare is doc.com
www.slidshare.com