Acidic radical group2

1. Analytical
Chemistry
By: Abdelrazek Askar
Undersupervision:
Prof.Dr.Alaa Amin
Dr. Hesham Elfeky

2.  Manual qualitative analysis for
acidic radicals:
 Group number (2) :
[ Cl , Br , I , NO3 ]
 Steps for manual qualitative analysis for first group :
A. Physical properties:
1. Shape : it may be ( powder, crystal, fine crystal, and
sheets )
2. Color : it may be ( colored such as red, yellow,
orange……etc & colorless )
3. Odour : it may has characteristic odour & it has not
characteristic odour.
4. Solubility : it may be [ soluble in cold water & in hot
water & in dill acid & conc acid & aqua regia( max of
conc HNo3+ conc HCl]

3.  B. Chemical properties :
We are going to do tow test ( general
test, and confirmation test ).
1. General test :
*This test depend on using a reagent
which react with salt and according to
the result of this reaction you can
predict which acidic radical present in
the salt.
*We will use ( Conc H2SO4 ) as reagent
for group no(2).

4.  Experimental work:
Conc H2SO4
1 gm of salt

5. Obs Res
1.Effervescence and evolution
of colorless gas ( HCl) which
turn into white cloud when
exposed to glass rod moistend
into ammonium hydroxide
It may be Cl
Equ:
*2NaCl+H2SO4
Na2SO4+2HCl
*HCl+NH4OH NH4Cl
+ H2O
2.Evolution of reddish orange
vapor and solution turn into
orange due to liberation of Br2
It may be Br
Equ:
2NaBr+H2SO4
Na2SO4+2HBr
3.Violet fumes evolved and
brown or black ppt is formed
It may be I
Equ:
2NaI+H2SO4
Na2So4+I2+H2o
4.Evolution of reddish brown
vapor of No2
It may be No3
Equ:
4NaNo3+2H2SO4
2Na2SO4+No2+2H2O+
O2

6.  Note:
When you do general test of group no2 and
no observation has occurred refer to ( Br, I ,
Cl) and you don’t know if this salt contain
( No3) or not . Consequantly, you will do
general test again by this method;
Conc H2SO4 copper turning heating heating
salt
Obs: reddish brown vapor of NO2 evolved
Res: it may be NO3

7.  2. confirmation test :
This test we have to do it for conformation
of the results of general test.
Experimental work:
Reagent
solution (salt+solvent)

8.  1. chloride :
 2. Bromide :
Reagent Obs Res
1. AgNo3 White ppt insoluble
in HNO3
It is ( Cl )
2. Pb(CH3COO)2 Dens white ppt It is ( Cl )
Reagent Obs Res
1. AgNO3 Pale yellow ppt
soluble in dil HNO3
It is ( Br )
2. Pb(CH3COO)2 White ppt It is ( Br )

9.  3. Iodine :
 4. Nitrate:
Reagent Obs Res
1. AgNo3 Canary yellow ppt It is ( I )
2. Pb(CH3COO)2 Yellow ppt It is ( I )
3. HgCl2 Reddish brown ppt It is ( I )
Reagent Obs Res
1. ( FeSO4+ Conc
H2SO4 )
Black or brown ring
is formed
It is ( No3 )
2. ( Zinc dust+
NaOH ) + boiling
Ammonia odor is
evolved
It is ( No3 )