11. Preparedness
• Is a strategy to minimize hazard’s
adverse effects through effective
precautionary measures that
ensure a timely, appropriate, and
efficient organization and delivery of
response and relief action.
• The goals of disaster preparedness
are knowing what to do in a
disaster’s aftermath, knowing how
to do it, and being equipped with
the right tools to do it effectively.
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12. Preparedness
• Government preparedness
– Government preparedness actions may be
grouped into following
general categories: planning; exercise; training;
equipment; and
statutory authority.
1. Planning
• Indicates detail about the
responsibilities and strategies in
disaster management
– Direction and control
– Notification and warning
– Evacuation
– Communications
– Public works
– Public information
– Search and rescue
13. Preparedness
08/20/2023 Disaster Preparedness and Disaster Response 13
–Emergency medical services and mass care
–Mortuary services
– Security and perimeter control
–Inclusion of military resources
– Transportation
– Traffic control
–Relief
– Short- and long-term recovery
–Financial management
–International coordination
–Volunteer management
–Donations management
–Vulnerable populations
14. Preparedness
2. Exercise
• Preparedness exercises allow those involved in emergency and
disaster response to practice their roles and responsibilities before and
actual event occurs.
• Exercises not only prepare the individuals to carry out their duties but
also help to find problems in the plan in non-emergency situations .
– Component of a comprehensive exercise program
• Drill: It is a controlled, supervised method by which a single
disaster
management operation or function is practiced or tested.
– Drills are most effective when they mimic real-life situations
15. Preparedness
– Tabletop exercise: I t is designed to allow disaster
management
officials to practice the full activation of the emergency
response plan within the confines of a controlled, low-stress
discussion scenario.
– Functional exercise: It is the tests and practices of disaster
managers’capabilities by simulating an event to which they
must respond.
– Full-scale exercise: The full-scale exercise is a scenario-
based event that seeks to create an atmosphere closely mimicking an
actual disaster.
16. Preparedness
3. Training
• Disaster response officials are more effective if they
are trained to do their jobs
• Training concentrates on following activities
– Evacuation
– Mass care
– Mass fatalities management
– Debris management
– Flood-fighting operations
– Warning coordination
– Spontaneous volunteer management
– Hazardous materials
– Cyclonic storm response
– Urban and wilderness search and rescue
– Radiological response
– Crowd control
– Response to terrorist attacks
– Wildfire and wild land fire response
17. Preparedness
4. Equipment
• The development of tools and other equipment to assist in
disaster management
• Fire suppression equipment
• Rescue equipment
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Disaster medical care
• Public warning and alert systems
18. Preparedness
• Public preparedness
– Public preparedness can be considered actions taken
to empower ordinary citizens to help themselves, their
families, their neighbours, or complete strangers.
– A prepared public must be emphasised on the skills
that allow them to perform specialized actions such as search
and rescue, first aid, or fire suppression.
– Public preparedness includes public education
• It is also called risk communication, preparedness education,
social
marketing, and disaster education—is the backbone of any
effective
public preparedness effort
19. Preparedness
– The main goals of public education are
• Awareness of the hazard risk
• Behavior
– Predisaster risk reduction behavior
– Predisaster preparedness behavior
– Postdisaster response behavior
– Postdisaster recovery behavior
• Warning
– Awareness
• The media as a public educator
• Literacy and public education
• Language of public education
• Cultural understanding
• Poverty or the effects of poverty
• Class structure
20. Preparedness
• 10 Steps to Disaster Preparedness
1. Identify your risk
2. Create a Family Disaster Plan
3. Practice your disaster plan
4. Build a Disaster Supply Kit
5. Prepare your Children
6. Don’t Forget Those with Special Needs
7. Learn CPR & First Aid
8. Eliminate Hazards in your Home and Workplace
9. Understand Post/ Risks
10.Get involved, Volunteer, Bear Responsibility
23. Disaster Response
08/20/2023 Disaster Preparedness and Response 23
• The response function of emergency management
includes actions aimed at limiting injuries, loss of life,
and damage to property and the environment that are
taken prior to, during, and immediately after a hazard
event.
• Response is the most complex of the four functions of
emergency management, since it is conducted during
periods of very high stress, in a highly time-constrained
environment, and with limited information.
• During response, wavering confidence and unnecessary delay
directly translate to tragedy and destruction.
24. Response
• The task of limiting injuries, loss of life, and further
damage to property and the environment is diverse.
• Response includes directly address the immediate needs
of first aid, search and rescue, and shelter
• Rescue includes systems that to coordinate and support
such efforts.
– Response involves the rapid resumption of critical
infrastructure (such as opening transportation routes, restoring
communications and electricity, and ensuring food and clean
water distribution) to allow recovery to take place, reduce
further injury and loss of life, and speed the return to a normally
functioning Society.
25. Response
• Three types of response actions have been taken during
the pre-disaster period
– Warning and evacuation
• If a warning system has been established, the public may
have time to
make last-minute preparations or evacuate away from the
area, move
into personal or established community shelters, or take other
protective actions in advance of the hazard’s arrival.
– Pre-positioning of resources and supplies
• Depending upon a country’s size, responders, equipment, and
supplies
are dispersed across the area prior to disaster recognition.
• Advance warning of the disaster allows officials to transport
those supplies into the affected site before hazard conditions.
• To further simplify pre-positioning, many countries have
created easily
transportable disaster equipment kits for items such as
pharmaceutical
and medical supplies, food, clothing, and shelter.
26. Response
• Last-minute mitigation and preparedness
measures.
– Actions taken in last hours limit the hazard’s
consequences.
– For instance, before a flood, sandbags may be used to increase
the height of levees or to create barriers around buildings and
other structures.
– Windows and doors may be boarded up or shuttered before a
windstorm.
– Vaccines and other prophylaxis may be used to minimize
infection rates with epidemics.
– The public may be reminded of stockpiling and other
preparedness actions they still have time for (such as purchasing
extra water, food, batteries, and candles).
• Response during post-disaster
– Once disaster response begins, the first priority is saving
lives.
– Response prioritises in Assessing the disaster; Treating
remaining hazard effects; Providing water and food; providing
shelter; Fatality management; Sanitation; Security; Social
services; Resumption of critical infrastructure; and Donations
management
27. Response
• Response activity includes search and rescue, first aid, and
evacuation, may continue for days or weeks, depending upon
the disaster’s type and severity
– Search Rescue
– First aid medical treatment
– Evacuation
-Coordination
– Disaster assessments
• Situation assessment or damage assessment
determines impacts of
the hazard.
– Situation assessments can help determine the geographic
scope of the disaster, and how it has affected people and
structures
• Needs assessment involves gathering data on the
services, resources,
and other assistance that will be required to address the
disaster
28. Response
– Provision of water, food, and shelter
– Sanitation
– Safety and security
– Critical infrastructure resumption
• Transportation systems (land, sea, and air)
• Communications
• Electricity
• Gas and oil storage and transportation
• Water supply systems
• Emergency services
•Public health ● Continuity of government
–Resumption of noncritical infrastructure
• Education
• Prisons
• Industrial capacity
• Information systems
• Mail system
• Public transportation
• Banking and finance
29. Response
• The disaster declaration process
– The disaster declaration is a way for governments to
acknowledge that response resources have become
overwhelmed and to announce that additional
assistance is required and, likewise, requested.
– The legal mechanisms established to guide how disaster
declaration takes place depend upon the
nation’s form of government and the rules outlined in
any established emergency operations planning.
