4. Preparedness
โข Preparedness is a strategy to minimize hazardsโ adverse
effects through effective precautionary measures that
ensure a timely, appropriate, and efficient organization
and delivery of response and relief action.
โข The goals of disaster preparedness are knowing what to
do in a disasterโs aftermath, knowing how to do it, and
being equipped with the right tools to do it effectively
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5. โข Government preparedness
โ Government preparedness actions may be grouped into following
general categories: planning; exercise; training; equipment; and
statutory authority.
1. Planning:
โข Indicates detail about the responsibilities and strategies in
disaster management
โ Direction and control
โ Notification and warning
โ Evacuation
โ Communications
โ Public works
โ Public information
โ Search and rescue
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Preparedness
6. โ Emergency medical services and mass care
โ Mortuary services
โ Security and perimeter control
โ Inclusion of military resources
โ Transportation
โ Traffic control
โ Relief
โ Short- and long-term recovery
โ Financial management
โ International coordination
โ Volunteer management
โ Donations management
โ Vulnerable populations
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Preparedness
7. 2. Exercise
โข Preparedness exercises allow those involved in emergency
and disaster response to practice their roles and
responsibilities before an actual event occurs.
โข Exercises not only prepare the individuals to carry out their
duties but also help to find problems in the plan in non-
emergency situations.
โ Component of a comprehensive exercise program
โข Drill: It is a controlled, supervised method by which a single disaster
management operation or function is practiced or tested.
โ Drills are most effective when they mimic real-life situations
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8. โ Tabletop exercise: It is designed to allow disaster management
officials to practice the full activation of the emergency
response plan within the confines of a controlled, low-stress
discussion scenario.
โ Functional exercise: It is the tests and practices of disaster
managersโ capabilities by simulating an event to which they
must respond.
โ Full-scale exercise: The full-scale exercise is a scenario-based
event that seeks to create an atmosphere closely mimicking an
actual disaster.
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9. 3. Training
โข Disaster response officials are more effective if they
are trained to do their jobs
โข Training concentrates on following activities
โ Evacuation
โ Mass care
โ Mass fatalities management
โ Debris management
โ Flood-fighting operations
โ Warning coordination
โ Spontaneous volunteer management
โ Hazardous materials
โ Cyclonic storm response
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10. โ Urban and wilderness search and rescue
โ Radiological response
โ Crowd control
โ Response to terrorist attacks
โ Wildfire and wild land fire response
4. Equipment
โข The development of tools and other equipment to assist in
disaster management
โข Fire suppression equipment
โข Rescue equipment
โข Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
โข Disaster medical care
โข Public warning and alert systems
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Preparedness
11. โข Public preparedness
โ Public preparedness can be considered actions taken to
empower ordinary citizens to help themselves, their families,
their neighbours, or complete strangers.
โ A prepared public must be emphasised on the skills that allow
them to perform specialized actions such as search and rescue,
first aid, or fire suppression.
โ Public preparedness includes public education
โข It is also called risk communication, preparedness education, social
marketing, and disaster educationโis the backbone of any effective
public preparedness effort
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12. โ The main goals of public education are
โข Awareness of the hazard risk
โข Behavior
โ Predisaster risk reduction behavior
โ Predisaster preparedness behavior
โ Postdisaster response behavior
โ Postdisaster recovery behavior
โข Warning
โ Awareness
โข The media as a public educator
โข Literacy and public education
โข Language of public education
โข Cultural understanding
โข Poverty or the effects of poverty
โข Class structure
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13. โข 10 Steps to Disaster Preparedness
โ Be ready at home
โ Be ready at work
โ Know your communityโs
โ Learn about agencies and roles
โ Find mitigation funding
โ Conduct a risk assessment
โ Inform your plan with statistics
โ Plan for all types of risks
โ Understand continuity of operations (COOP)
โ Research NGOs
Source: http://cdmsmith.com/en-US/Insights/10-Steps-to-Disaster-Preparedness.aspx
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Preparedness
16. Response
โข The response function of emergency management
includes actions aimed at limiting injuries, loss of life,
and damage to property and the environment that are
taken prior to, during, and immediately after a hazard
event.
โข Response is the most complex of the four functions of
emergency management, since it is conducted during
periods of very high stress, in a highly time-constrained
environment, and with limited information.
โข During response, wavering confidence and unnecessary
delay directly translate to tragedy and destruction.
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17. Response
โข The task of limiting injuries, loss of life, and further
damage to property and the environment is diverse.
โข Response includes directly address the immediate needs
of first aid, search and rescue, and shelter
โข Rescue includes systems that to coordinate and support
such efforts.
โ Response involves the rapid resumption of critical infrastructure
(such as opening transportation routes, restoring
communications and electricity, and ensuring food and clean
water distribution) to allow recovery to take place, reduce
further injury and loss of life, and speed the return to a normally
functioning Society.
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18. Response
โข Three types of response actions have been taken during
the pre-disaster period
โ Warning and evacuation
โข If a warning system has been established, the public may have time to
make last-minute preparations or evacuate away from the area, move
into personal or established community shelters, or take other
protective actions in advance of the hazardโs arrival.
โ Pre-positioning of resources and supplies
โข Depending upon a countryโs size, responders, equipment, and supplies
are dispersed across the area prior to disaster recognition.
โข Advance warning of the disaster allows officials to transport those
supplies into the affected site before hazard conditions
โข To further simplify pre-positioning, many countries have created easily
transportable disaster equipment kits for items such as pharmaceutical
and medical supplies, food, clothing, and shelter.
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20. Response
โข Last-minute mitigation and preparedness measures.
โ Actions taken in last hours limit the hazardโs consequences.
โ For instance, before a flood, sandbags may be used to increase
the height of levees or to create barriers around buildings and
other structures.
โ Windows and doors may be boarded up or shuttered before a
windstorm.
โ Vaccines and other prophylaxis may be used to minimize
infection rates with epidemics.
โ The public may be reminded of stockpiling and other
preparedness actions they still have time for (such as purchasing
extra water, food, batteries, and candles).
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21. Response
โข Response during post-disaster
โ Once disaster response begins, the first priority is saving lives.
โ Response prioritises in Assessing the disaster; Treating
remaining hazard effects; Providing water and food; providing
shelter; Fatality management; Sanitation; Security; Social
services; Resumption of critical infrastructure; and Donations
management
โข Response activity includes search and rescue, first aid, and
evacuation, may continue for days or weeks, depending upon
the disasterโs type and severity
โ Search Rescue
โ First aid medical treatment
โ Evacuation
โ Coordination
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22. Response
โ Disaster assessments
โข Situation assessment or damage assessment determines impacts of
the hazard.
โ Situation assessments can help determine the geographic scope of the disaster, and
how it has affected people and structures
โข Needs assessment involves gathering data on the services, resources,
and other assistance that will be required to address the disaster
โ Provision of water, food, and shelter
โ Sanitation
โ Safety and security
โ Critical infrastructure resumption
โข Transportation systems (land, sea, and air)
โข Communications
โข Electricity
โข Gas and oil storage and transportation
โข Water supply systems
โข Emergency services
โข Public health โ Continuity of government
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23. Response
โResumption of noncritical infrastructure
โข Education
โข Prisons
โข Industrial capacity
โข Information systems
โข Mail system
โข Public transportation
โข Banking and finance
โEmergency social services
โข Providing service to deal with stress and trauma
โDonations management
โCoordination
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24. Response
โข The disaster declaration process
โ The disaster declaration is a way for governments to
acknowledge that response resources have become
overwhelmed and to announce that additional
assistance is required and, likewise, requested.
โ The legal mechanisms established to guide how
disaster declaration takes place depend upon the
nationโs form of government and the rules outlined in
any established emergency operations planning.
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25. Ongoing assessment approach for rapid-onset disasters
Pre-disaster Post-disaster
When
possible
First 10
hours
12-36 hours (&
then, as
needed)
7-15 days 30-60
Days
3
months
Assessment
type
Forecasting &
early warning
Disaster (early)
notification
More detailed
disaster needs
assessment
Ongoing monitoring of situation and needs
Information
needs
Collect and
disseminate
early warning
information
(especially for
flash floods,
tsunamis, storms,
volcanoes, forest
fires, etc.)
Alert
headquarters
โข Disaster type,
date
โข # casualties
reported
โข # properties
damaged
and type of
damage
โข Immediate
emergency
priority needs (e.g.
search & rescue,
first
aid)
Assessment team
โข Disaster
magnitude
โข Geographic area
affected
โข Detailed
assessment of
needs and
resources and
other responders
โข Define
intervention for
ensuing weeks
and months (if
necessary)
Continued monitoring and assessment
โข Ongoing situation, responseand needs
โข Changes in status and needs
โข Need for longer-term assistance and rehabilitation
(after 3 months)
โข Plan of action for assistance to continue past 3 months
Disaster needs assessment reporting
