Bs. Nursing Lacture CHN-1

1. 1
Unit- I
Introduction to Community
Health Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das
Student: ICoNM-DUHS

2. At the completion of this unit , students will be able to
1. Define the terms
1.1 community
1.2 community health and
1.3 community health nursing
1.4 urban and rural communities
2. Discuss the historical back ground of community health nursing from
public health nursing.
3. Describe the philosophy of community health Nursing .
4. Discuss the concept of health , wellness, illness and disease.
5. Discuss the roles of the community health nurse in community settin
gs .
2
Objectives
By: Mr. Aasan Das

3.  A social group of any size whose members reside in
a specific locality, share government, and often have
a common cultural and historical heritage
3
Community
By: Mr. Aasan Das

4.  is a social group determined geographical boundarie
s and or common values and interest its member kno
w and interact each other.
4
OR
By: Mr. Aasan Das

5.  Is the science and art of preventing disease, prolongi
ng life and promoting health and efficiency through
organized efforts.
5
Community Health
By: Mr. Aasan Das

6.  Community health nursing is synthesis of nursing pr
actice
 and public health practice applied to promoting and
preserving the health of population.
6
Community Health Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

7.  An urban area is a location characterized by high hu
man population density and vast human-built featur
es in comparison to the areas surrounding it. Urban a
reas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the ter
m is not commonly extended to rural settlements suc
h as villages and hamlets.
7
Urban Community
By: Mr. Aasan Das

8.  development encompasses a range of approaches an
d activities that aim to improve the welfare and liveli
hoods of people living in rural areas. As a branch of
community development, these approaches pay atte
ntion to social issues particularly community organi
zinging
8
Rural Community
By: Mr. Aasan Das

9.  People were concerned about diseases and h
ad some knowledge of its treatment. Medic
al care was given by religious leaders or pri
ests who were revered by the society. Recor
d history of ancient civilization such as Bab
y lonian, Hebrew, greek and roman reveals
that they possessed knowledge of personal
hygiene, community responsibility and
History of Community Health Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

10.  They had well developed system of environmental sanitat
ion such as safe water supply, drainage and sewage dispo
sal system. They also had understanding of contagious na
ture of diseases.
 This resulted in rigid public health measures like isolation
of the sick, quarantine of the families and sometimes of th
e communities. The philosophy of the time was that the i
ndividual should provide for the basic needs for himself a
nd his family
10
History of Community Health Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

11.  This responsibility included the provision of food, sh
elter and clothing and care in case of illness. The com
munity responsibility was to protect the individual a
nd his family against illness that might be due to co
mmunal life.
11
History of Community Health Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

12. Every one regardless of race ,creed ,sex, or sexual pre
ference has a right to good health and long productiv
e life
Every one has some kind of health learning need
Some people and communities need help to recogniz
e that they need assistance to regain, maintain or atta
in a high level of wellness.
12
Philosophy of Community Health Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

13.  There is a continuous search for new knowledge that
serves current purposes.
 Health and health care enable a society to be product
ive .
 Health is only one of the competing values of people
and thus holds a different place in their priority syste
ms at different times
13
Philosophy of CHN coni…
By: Mr. Aasan Das

14.  Public health nursing (PHN) practice is population-focus
ed and requires unique knowledge, competencies, and s
kills. Early public health nursing roles extended beyond
sick care to encompass advocacy, community organizing
, health education, and political and social reform. Likew
ise, contemporary public health nurses practice in collab
oration with agencies and community members.
14
Public health nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

15.  Public health is the Science and Art of :
 preventing disease,
 prolonging life,
 promoting health and efficiency through organized
community effort.
(Winslow, 1920)
15
Public Health Definition
By: Mr. Aasan Das

16. Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursi
ng and public health practice applied to promoti
ng and preserving the health of populations.
Treat “ Population as a Whole”
Focus on individual, family, groups, community
Utilizing Health promotion, health maintenance,
health education, and management, coordination,
and continuity of care for meeting population ne
eds.
16
Definition of Community Health (A
NA,2000）
By: Mr. Aasan Das

17. It is a field of nursing
It combines public health and nursing
It focus in population and environment fa
ctors that may impact to people’s health
It emphasize in health promotion, illness
prevention, and wellness
17
Characteristics of Community Healt
h Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

18. It promotes client responsibility and self-c
are
 It uses aggregate measurement and a
nalysis
 It use principle of organizational theor
y
It involves inter-professional collaboration.
18
Characteristics of Community Healt
h Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

19. Roles of Community Health Nurses
Researcher
Leadership
Collaborator
Manager
Advocate
Educator
Clinician
Nurses
19
By: Mr. Aasan Das

20.  Care provider: The nurse ensures that health
services are not only provided to individuals
and families but also provided to groups and
populations
 The clinician role has emphasis on holism, he
alth promotion and skill expansion.
20
Clinician Role
By: Mr. Aasan Das

21. Immunization of infants and pre-schoolers
Family planning programs
Cholesterol screening
Prevention of behavioural problems in adolescents
 Expanded skills in observation, listening, com
munication and counseling are integral to your
role as a CHN with emphasis on psychological
and socio-cultural factors
21
Examples at the clinics & Schools
By: Mr. Aasan Das

22. Health teacher: one of the major functions o
f the CHN (Breckon et.al. 1998)
 Important role because
Community clients are NOT usually acutel
y ill and can not observe and act on health i
nformation
The public has a higher level of health cons
ciousness (client self-education is facilitated
by the nurse. Based on the concept of self-ca
re, clients are encouraged to use appropriat
e health resources
22
Educator Role
By: Mr. Aasan Das

23. Based on clients’ rights: Every patient or client h
as the right to receive just, equal, and humane tre
atment.
Goals of advocacy:
1.Help clients gain more independence and self-
determination
2.Make the system more responsive and relevant
23
Advocate Role
By: Mr. Aasan Das

24. Nurse directs and administers care to meet goals by:
1.Assessing client needs
2.Planning and organizing to meet those needs
3.Directing and leading to achieve results
4.Controlling and evaluating the progress to make sure that
the results are met
Nurse oversees client care as:
1. A case manager
2.Supervising ancillary staff
3.Managing case loads
4.Running clinics
5.Conducting community health needs assessment projects
24
Manager Role
By: Mr. Aasan Das

25.  Sets the goals for the organisation
 Sets the direction
 Determines the means (strategies) to achieve the
m
 It includes defining goals and objectives
 It may be strategic ( long-term broader goals)
25
Nurse as Planner
By: Mr. Aasan Das

26. Designing a structure for people + tasks to function to reach the de
sired objectives
It includes assignments and scheduling
It includes:
1. Deciding what tasks to be done
2. Who will do them
3. How to group the tasks
4. Who reports to whom
5. Where decisions will be made (Robbins 1997)
Questions to be addressed by the organiser
1. Is the clinic, program providing the needed services?
2. Are the clients satisfied?
3. Are the services cost-effective?
26
Nurse as Organiser
By: Mr. Aasan Das

27. The nurse directs, influences, or persuades oth
ers to make change to positively influence peo
ple’s health.
Includes persuading and motivating people, di
recting activities, effective two-way communic
ation, resolving conflicts and coordinating the
plan
Coordination: Bringing people and activities to
gether to function in harmony to achieve desire
d objectives
27
Nurse as Leader
By: Mr. Aasan Das

28.  Controller: Monitors the plan and ensures that it stays
on course.
 Sometimes plans do not proceed as intended and ne
ed to be adjusted
 Monitoring, comparing and adjusting are activities
of controlling
 Comparing performance and outcomes against set
goals and standards = Evaluator role
28
Nurse as Controller and Eva
luator
By: Mr. Aasan Das

29. Means working jointly with others on a common project t
o cooperate as partners
Who?
 Clients
 Other nurses and physicians
 Teachers and health educators
 Social workers
 Physical therapists
 Nutritionists
 Psychologists
 Epidemiologists and Biostatisticians
 Secretaries
 City Planners and legislators
29
Collaborator Role
By: Mr. Aasan Das

30.  Health is a state of complete physical ,mental, s
ocial and spiritual well being and ability to fun
ction ,not merely an absence of disease or infir
mity.
30
Health
By: Mr. Aasan Das

31. 31
Human Health
ENVIROMENT
HEALTH CARE
SYSTEM
WAYS OF LIFE OF
THE COMMUNITY
HUMAN
BIOLOGY
By: Mr. Aasan Das

32.  Disease : A condition in which body health is i
mpaired (Webster).
 A state in which the individuals is no longer in a
state of equilibrium with forces in his external an
d internal environment (Belend).
 Illness :Is failure or disturbance in the growth, d
evelopment, function and adjustment of the orga
nism as a whole or any of its system (Engel)
1. Acute
2. Chronic
32
By: Mr. Aasan Das

33.  A certain the nature and extent of disease and di
sability in the community.
 Take suitable measure to
 Promote healthful living,
 Prevent disabilities, correct remedial defects, tre
at illness.
 Evaluate the progress and success of current pro
grams.
33
Purposes of community health
By: Mr. Aasan Das

34. 1. Care of ill, disabled and suffering in non-hos
pital setting
2. Support of development and well being throu
gh out the life style.
3. Promotion of human relatedness and mutual c
aring.
34
MAJOR GOALS OF COMMUNITY HEA
LTH NURSING
By: Mr. Aasan Das

35. 5. Promotion of self responsibility regarding heal
th and well being.
6. Promotion of relative safety in the
environment while conserving resources.
35
Major goals continued
By: Mr. Aasan Da
s

36. 1. Homes
2. Community health centers
3. Schools
4. Occupational health settings (business and in
dustry)
5. Residential institutions: Older age residences
6. charitable mosques related organizations
7. Community at large
36
Settings for CHN Practice
By: Mr. Aasan Das

37. Health Prevention
37
Tertiary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Primary Prevention
By: Mr. Aasan Das

38. Health Education
Adequate Nutrition
Individual Development
Adequate working environment and recreatio
n, resting
Pre-marriage counseling and education
Genetic Counseling
Regular Physical Examination
38
Primary Prevention for Health
Promotion
By: Mr. Aasan Das

39.  Comply with immunization
 Individual hygiene
 Improve environment sanitary
 Occupational Safety
 Prevent Accident in all ages
 Adequate nutrition
 Avoid cancer cause agents
 Avoid allergic
39
Primary Prevention for Health
Protection
By: Mr. Aasan Das

40.  Identify cases in the community
 Screen and test
 Conduct special physical examination
 Treat and prevent the progress of illness
 Avoid the spreading of disease
 Reduce the disability time
40
Secondary Prevention
By: Mr. Aasan Das

41.  Treat and stop the disease progress and avoid compli
cation and side effect
 Limit the chance for disability
 Provide rehabilitation for physical and psychological
well-being, occupational therapy, availability of long-
term care
41
Tertiary Prevention
By: Mr. Aasan Das

42.  it is a field of nursing
 it combines public health with nursing
 it is population-focused
 it emphasizes wellness
 it involves interdisciplinary collaboration
 it promotes clients’ responsibility and self care
42
Characteristics of community hea
lth nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

43.  homes
 ambulatory service settings
 schools
 occupational health setting
 residential institutions
 the community at large
43
Setting for community health nurs
ing practice
By: Mr. Aasan Das

44.  THE Philosophy of CHN is based on the wort
h and dignity on the worth and dignity of man.
44
Philosophy of CHN
By: Mr. Aasan Das

45. Chronic Disease management
Home Care
Extended care from Acute care setting
Elderly care
Rehabilitation care in different population
Health promotion in every level
Health system referral, emphasize individual rol
e and function of community health sector
45
Opportunity for Future Community
Health Nursing
By: Mr. Aasan Das

46. 46
By: Mr. Aasan Das