Affirmative and negative sentence structure. Auxiliary verbs

1. The sentence.
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE
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2. Grammar. The sentence
Subject Verb
Object
(direct / indirect)
Adverbial
I write
a letter to James.
slowly. at the moment.
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3. Types of
sentences
Simple sentences
Compound
sentences
Complex
sentences
Mary drives quickly but she is very responsible.
He couldn’t move the table that was in the living room.
Grammar. The sentence
Subject Verb Object
Adjective
( + noun)
Adverb
Time
expression
Describe words
I have a black cat.
Mary drives quickly .
I saw my sister yesterday.
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4. Grammar. The sentence . Affirmative
sentences (+ / )
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT(S)+ ADVERBIAL
◦ Direct object
◦ They buy the newspaper at the newsagent’s.
◦ Indirect object
◦ She gave me a present for my birthday.
◦ She gave a present to me for my birthday.
◦ With an auxiliary verb
◦ She should give me a present for my birthday.
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5. Grammar. The sentence.
Negative sentences (- / )
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY + NOT *+ VERB + OBJECT(S)+ ADVERBIAL
◦ Direct object
◦ They DON’T buy the newspaper at the newsagent’s. / They aren’t happy.
◦ Indirect object
◦ She DIDN’T give me a present for my birthday.
◦ She DIDN’T give a present to me for my birthday.
◦ With an auxiliary verb
◦ She SHOULDN’T give me a present for my birthday.
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6. Grammar. The sentence.
Auxiliary verbs
What are auxiliary verbs?
Auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) are function words used to add functional or
grammatical content to the information expressed by another verb, considered
to be the main verb.
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7. Grammar. The sentence.
Auxiliary verbs
Auxiliary verb or full verb?
If the verb allows subject-auxiliary inversion and can take not in the negative
form, then it is an auxiliary verb.
Examples:
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You are going to travel to London.
Are you going to travel to London?
You are not going to travel to London.
= are is an auxiliary verb
You see what I mean.
*See you what I mean.
*You see not what I mean.
= see is not an auxiliary verb;
it is a main verb.
(The asterisk * indicates that the sentence is not grammatical.)

8. Grammar. The sentence.
Auxiliary verbs
List of auxiliary verbs
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be I am writing a book.
Can / could Can you open the door?
do (did, does)  Do you like chocolate?
Did you visit New York last holiday?
have (had, has)  He has done the work.
May, might  May I open the door?
Must  They must get there on time.
Shall  Shall we dance?
Should  Should I go to the doctor?
Will  We will be there in a minute.
Would  Would you help me with this homework?