INTELLIGENCE TEST

1. TESTS OF INTELLIGENCE- BINET, WECHSLER,
CULTURE-FAIR TESTS

2. WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
“Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of
the individual to act purposefully, to think
rationally and to deal effectively with his
environment (Wechsler, 1944, p. 3).”

3. What is an intelligence test?
 Intelligence tests are psychological tests that are
designed to measure a variety of mental functions,
such as reasoning, comprehension, and judgment.

4. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
 The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition
(SB: FE) is a standardized test that measures
intelligence and cognitive abilities in children and
adults, from age two through mature adulthood.
 The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was originally
developed to help place children in appropriate
educational settings.

5.  It can help determine the level of intellectual and
cognitive functioning in preschoolers, children,
adolescents and adults, and assist in the diagnosis of a
learning disability, developmental delay, mental
retardation , or giftedness.
 It is used to provide educational planning and
placement, neuropsychological assessment, and
research.

6.  The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is generally
administered in a school or clinical setting.
 The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is considered to
be one of the best and most widely used intelligence
tests available.
 The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale has a rich history.
 It is a descendant of the Binet-Simon scale which was
developed in 1905 and became the first intelligence
test.

7.  The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was developed in
1916 and was revised in 1937, 1960, and 1986.
 Administration of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence
Scale typically takes between 45 to 90 minutes, but can
take as long as two hours, 30 minutes.
 The Stanford-Binet test is a examination meant to
measureintelligence through five factors of cognitive
ability.

8.  These five factors include fluid reasoning, knowledge,
quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing and
working memory.
 Both verbal and nonverbal responses are measured.
 Each of the five factors is given a weight and the
combined score is often reduced to a ratio known
commonly as the intelligence quotient, or IQ.

9. WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE TEST
 The Wechsler IQ test is a test that helps to measure
cognitive abilities and intelligence.
 Wechsler Intelligence Scales were developed by Dr.
David Wechsler in 1939 and his initial test was the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale.

10.  The tests were developed after Dr. Wechsler’s
realization that existing intelligence tests for adults
were merely adaptations of testing used for children,
and had little validity for adults.
 Over time the test evolved into three separate versions
used for different age groups.

11.  The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is used
for adults
 while the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
(WISC) is used for children between the ages of 6 and
16.
 The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of
Intelligence (WPPSI) is used for children between the
ages of 4 and 6.5.

12.  The most common purpose of the test is to identify
intelligence and cognitive performance, which is often
helpful in identifying intellectual disabilities and
overall cognitive function in children and adults.
 Scores for the test range from 0 to 160.
 An average IQ would be considered someone who
scores between 90 and 109, with 100 being the mean.
 To be considered of superior intelligence, one would
need to score 130 or higher.

13. Wechsler Preschool and Primary
Scale of Intelligence
 The WPPSI test is exactly what it sounds like, a
measure of intelligence and cognitive development for
young children.
 The test is designed primarily for children between the
ages of 4 and 6.5, though some of the subtests can be
used for children as young as 2.5 and up to just over 7.5
years old.

14.  For children under the age of 4, their IQ score is
derived from three test indices:
● Verbal Comprehension
● Visual Spatial
● Working Memory
 For children over four in this range, their IQ score is
made up of the following indices:
● Verbal Comprehension
● Visual Spatial

15. ● Fluid Reasoning
● Working Memory
● Processing Speed

16. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for
Children
 The typical WISC test administration lasts between
45-65 minutes but can be shorter or longer depending
on the procedures used and the number of indices
tested.
 These tests are used to generate an IQ score (officially
referred to now as a Full Scale IQ) in children between
the ages of 6-16.

17.  Like the other Wechsler Test variations, the WISC
utilizes four indexes to measure the child’s cognitive
abilities which include the Verbal Comprehension
Index, Visual Spatial Index, Fluid Reasoning Index,
Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index.

18. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
 The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is the
most commonly used adult IQ test for measuring
intelligence.
 A previous version of the test was known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (WBIS), which
was published in 1939.

19.  The first true version of the WAIS Wechsler test was
originally published in 1955.
 The first edition of the WAIS test included both verbal
and non-verbal items within the test, with the non-
verbal items known as “performance scales”.
 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale revised multiple
times:

20. WAIS
 The WAIS was initially created as a revision of the
Wechsler- Bellevue Intelligence Scale (WBIS), which
was a battery of tests published by Wechsler in 1939.
 The WBIS was composed of subtests that could be
found in various other intelligence tests of the time,
such as Robert Yerkes ' army testing program and the
Binet – Simon scale.

21.  The WAIS was first released in February 1955 by David
Wechsler.

22. WAIS-R
 This revised version of the original WAIS test was
released in 1981 and consisted of six verbal and five
non-verbal subtests.
 The verbal sections included: Information,
Comprehension, Arithmetic, Digit Span,
Similarities, and Vocabulary.

23.  The Performance subtests were: Picture Arrangement,
Picture Completion, Block Design, Object Assembly,
and Digit Symbol.
 The results of the subtests were grouped to provide a
verbal IQ score, performance IQ score, and full scale
IQ score.

24. WAIS-III
 The next edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
was launched in 1997.
 Has seen several revisions over the year the WAIS was
updated most recently in 2008, and it is now available in
a fourth edition.
 In addition to the verbal IQ score, performance IQ score,
and full scale IQ score, the WAIS-III provided scores for
four secondary indices: Verbal comprehension, working
memory, perceptual organization, and processing speed.

25. WAIS-IV
 The current version of the test and is comprised of the
10 core subtests and five supplemental subtests.
 In addition, a new index was added which was the
General Ability Index, or GAI. This index consists of
the scores from the Similarities, Vocabulary,
Information, Block Design, Matrix Reasoning and
Visual Puzzles subtests.

26. CULTURE FAIR TESTS OF
INTELLIGENCE
 Culture-fair tests, also called culture-free tests, are
designed to assess intelligence (or other attributes)
without relying on knowledge specific to any
individual cultural group.

27.  The first culture-fair test, called Army Examination
Beta, was developed by the United States military
during World War II to screen soldiers of average
intelligence who were illiterate or for whom English
was a second language.

28. CATTELL CULTURE FAIR TEST
 Raymond B. Cattell, developed the Cattell Culture Fair
Intelligence Test (CFIT) with the intention of creating a
test that was not influenced by these cultural elements.
 He began his work on the measurement of intelligence
in the 1920s and in 1930 he published his first endeavor,
the Cattell Group, and Inventory, which was designed
for children.

29.  Later revisions came in 1940, 1944 and 1961.
 The Cattell Culture Fair Test is currently in its third
edition, which is commonly referred to as CFIT III.
 The test can be administered either individually or in a
group setting.
 There are three intelligence scales measured, with
Scale I including eight subtests while Scales II and III
contain four subtests each.

30.  Not every individual will be tested on each scale, as the
test is administered based on age and abilities.
● Scale I: For children aged 4 to 8 (and older) and
people with mental handicaps
● Scale II: For children aged 8-14 as well as average
adults
● Scale III: For children aged 14 and up as well as
adults of superior intelligence

31.  The Culture Fair tests consist of three scales with non-
verbal visual puzzles.
 Scale I includes eight subtests of mazes, copying
symbols, identifying similar drawings and other non-
verbal tasks.

32.  Both Scales II and III consists of four subtests that
include completing a sequence of drawings, a
classification subtest where respondents pick a drawing
that is different from other drawings, a matrix subtests
that involves completing a matrix of patterns and
conditions subtests which involve which out of several
geometric designs fulfill a specific given condition