SIMILARITIES BETTWEEN A ROBOT AND HUMAN

1. Comparison of the parts of the
roBot anD the hUman BoDY
•Human beings are product
of Biology
•Robots are machines that
are scientifically Engineered
by mans

2. roBot anD the hUman BoDY
•Robots are made to
operate like human beings
•Like man they can perform
tasks
•A Robot can perform one
task or a series of tasks

3. roBot anD the hUman BoDY Cont
•Human beings are
capable of independent
thought, feeling and
judgement
•Human beings can learn
from the environment
for purposes of survival

4. roBot anD the hUman BoDY Cont
•Unlike humans, Robots
have no emotions
•Robots only operates on
what it has been
programmed to do
•Does not operate
spontaneously

5. Activity 9
•Compare part of a Robot to human
body and list some of their
similarities and differences

7. √√Linking Robotic sensors and the Human
Sensory organs
Human Sensory organs
•Brain-makes decisions on
information from body’s
sensors example ……..
•Body structures…..Bones gives
stability while muscles allows
movement
•Nervous system-sends signals
from the brain to the muscles
Robotic Sensors
•Computer /EV3 Robot
Corrected
•Wheels ,motor ,metal
pieces, nuts and bolts
•Wires /connectors/cables

8. √√Linking Robotic sensors and the Human
Sensory organs
Human Sensory organs
•Sense organs-sense or
detect changes in the
external environment
•How??
• 5 sense organs Eye,
ear, nose, tongue and
skin
Robotic Sensors
4 Types sensors
•Colour sensors
•Ultra sonic sensor
•Touch sensor
•The Gyro sensor
04/21/19 8

9. Colour Sensors
•The Colour Sensor can detect
the colour, ambient or
reflected light intensity that
enters the lens on the face of
the sensor.

10. •The lens in the
robot is
comparable to the
retina of the
human eye

11. •The retina which is the
innermost sensitive layer of
the eye
•contains two kinds of sensory
cells-the RODS which is
sensitive to dim light and
• CONES which are sensitive
to bright light and colour

12. • . The Colour Sensor in robots can
detect seven different colours :
• black, blue, green, yellow, red, white,
brown and no colour (means not able to
recognize the colour
• because it could be too far or not among
the named colours above).

13. The Colour Sensor of a robot can be used in three
different modes:
 Colour Mode,
 Ambient Light Intensity Mode (light and darkness).
 Reflected Light Intensity Mode,

14. Ultra-sonic Sensor
•The Ultrasonic Sensor can
measure the distance to an
object in front of it.
• It does this by sending out
sound waves and measuring
how long it takes the sound
to reflect back to the sensor.

15. Ultra-sonic Sensor
• The sound frequency is too high for you
to hear (“ultrasonic”).
• The Ultrasonic Sensor works best to
detect objects with hard surfaces that
reflect sound well.
• The sensor cannot detect objects that are
very close to the sensor
• (closer than about 3 cm or 1.5
inches).The sensor has a wide “field of
view”

16. • and may detect a closer object off to the side instead of a farther object straight
ahead.
• Using the same principle as Bats and submarines, it uses echo location by
emitting an ultrasonic wave that is received back after bouncing off an object.
• The time it takes to be received back determines the distance to that object
and it can also „listen to other Ultra Sonic Sensors.‟
• Ultrasonic sensor is the equivalent of the ear in human beings since it has
within it structures that detects other ultrasonic sensors as in bats and
submarines (echo-location) and also can be equated with the eye since it is able
to detects obstacles in front of a robot and how it looks, mimicking the
structure of human eye

17. Touch Sensor
• The touch sensor is used
to determine if the robot
has physically run into an
obstacle.
•The Touch Sensor detects
whether the button on the
face of the sensor is
pressed in.

18. • It is the equivalent of the skin in human
beings.
• The skin has a variety of nerve endings
and some of these are concerned with
touch (gentle pressure), some with deep
pressure and others with cold, heat and
pain.
• Robot sensor has three states pressed,
not pressed and bumped (press and
released)

19. THE GYRO SENSOR
• If you rotate the Gyro Sensor in the direction
of the arrows on the case of the sensor, the
sensor can detect the angle and rate of rotation in
degrees per second (d/s).
• You can use the rotation rate to detect, for
example, when a part of your robot is turning, or
when your robot is falling over.
• The Gyro Sensor keeps track of the total rotation
angle in degrees.
• You can use this rotation angle to detect, for
example, how far your robot has turned.

20. THE HUMAN EAR
•The inner ear/ vestibule is the
equivalent of gyro sensor.
•The vestibule is concerned
with physical balance of the
body.
• It consists of three
semicircular canals arranged
at right angles to each other
and a part joining the cochlea.

21. The Gyro Sensor
•Robots like human beings have various parts that
do different functions to make it efficient and
effective. Some of these are the motors, sensors and
basic elements (cables, gears, wheels axles and
connectors).

22. ACTIVITY 10-think pair and share
a)The way a human being decides to move is
different from the way a robot decides to move,
why?
a)Relate the application of the sensory to your
everyday life?

23. Movement of HUMAN and ROBOT
1. The way a human being moves differently from a robot
 The robot uses a computer that runs a fixed program that
tells/informs it what to do, (and if anything goes wrong with the
program (e.g., the sensor malfunctions) the robot shuts down).
 In the human beings the brain is used to find different
solutions to different situations
2.

24. √√HUMAN AND ROBOT
cont.Relate the application of the sensors to your everyday life.
 When one uses a remote control to open a car door
 Using a remote control to turn on TV or move to other
channels
 Body able to see and make judgment
 Ear able to detect the sounds, whether loud, smooth,
sweet, etc

25. Motors
•A motor is a device that converts electrical energy
(e.g. DC, AC, PWM) or chemical energy (e.g.
petrol, diesel, rocket fuel) into mechanical output.
•In our kit we have two types of motors, 2 large and
1 medium motors.

26. LARGER MOTOR
• The large motor (Figure 4) receives
programmed instructions from the
Brick and enables the Robot to
move forward.
• The Large Motor block controls a
Large Motor.
• You can turn a motor on or off,
control its power level, or turn the
motor on for a specified amount of
time or rotation.

27. MEDIUM MOTOR
• The medium motor receives
programmed instructions from the Brick
and is used primarily for moving parts of
a robot, for instance, conveyer belts,
fork arm and gears.
• The Medium Motor block ,controls the
Medium Motor.
• You can turn the motor on or off, control
its power level, or turn the motor on for
a specified amount of time or rotations.

28. Basic Elements
• These are the support
components of a robot that help in
building of robots and create
structures that allow movement
(wheels), articulation of the robot
(angles), offer support for extra
attachments (Connectors, axles,
frame, beams, bushings, among
others).

29. Activity 10: Discuss how
movement occurs in humans and
EV3 Robot

30. You could have come up with the following:
Step 1: in humans the brain decides to walk; in EV3 computer Brick reads program
command to move;
Step 2: brain sends signals through the nerves to the muscles commanding them to
move; EV3 computer Brick sends signals through the wires to the motors, commanding
them to move;
Step 3: muscles contact, making the body move; Motors rotate, causing the robot to
move in EV3
Step 4: Brain decides to stop; EV3 computer Brick reads program command to stop;
Step 5: Brain send signals through nerves to the muscles commanding them to stop:
EV3 computer Brick sends signals through the wires to the motors, commanding them
to stop
Step 6: Muscles stop contracting; Motors stop moving in EV3

31. •Activity 11: Use the elements in the Robotics kit to come
up with „something that can be used to solve a‟
„problem.‟
•Activity 12 : Present your prototype and demonstrate
•Activity 13: Disassemble the equipment you made and
return all the elements of the Robotic Kit into their
respective tubs in readiness for the next session.
END OF SESSION