2. APPROACHES OF INSTRUCTIONAL
DESIGN
Instructional design focuses on teaching environment,
working tools of task, needs and psychology of learner
and new approaches.
1. TRAINING PSYCHOLOGY
2. CYBERNETICS PSYCHOLOGY
3.SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3. TRAINING PYSCHOLOGY
It emphasises the whole training task should be divided in
to three parts-
1. Preparing outline of the task
2. Task analysis
3. Sequencing the elements of task
Implications-Teaching and Programmed instructions
4. Cybernetics
Cybernetics is basically a branch of science concerned
with control systems and dynamic feedback in
electronic and mechanical devices.
5. Cybernetic Psychology
Cybernetic psychology considered human being as a
machine.
Feedback is important for changing and control the
behaviour of an individual.
Assumption – every human being uses the process of
cybernetics through his sense of control for modifying
the behaviour. (self regulation)
6. Important elements
Dynamic feedback
Self Regulation
Self Control
Self motivation
Self learning
Implications : Individual teaching and learning,
Programmed Instruction
7. System Analysis
A system analysis is a sum total of parts working
independently and working together to achieve the
required result or outcomes based needs.
I/P ......PROCESS..........O/P
ASSUMPTION: Each behaviour of human being acts as
a part of an organised system.
Implications: Management and Administration.