ARS Report, KSRM/ IIT Roorkee Internship segment

REPORT ON
ACTION RESEARCH SEGMENT
On title of
Identification of Strategies for Reorient the Agro-
Horticultural Practices aimed to strengthen the Rural
Ecosystem
HOST ORGANIZATION
National Institute Of Hydrology,
Roorkee
Submitted By-
Akash Kumar Sahu (16201002)
Sonali Gaikwad (16201031)
REPORTING OFFICER FACULTY GUIDE
Dr. V.C. Goyal Prof. H.S. Ganesha
Director Research Management MBA-RM Coordinator
& Outreach Division
KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT (KSRM)
BHUBANESWAR, INDIA
(VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT 2016-17)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The pathways to prosperity of Action Research Segment (ARS) study would not been possible without
generous contributions from Prof. (Dr.) L.K. Vaswani, Director, KIIT School of Rural management
and thanks to providing this field learning segment. We have also received support from the faculty
guide Prof. H. S. Ganesha and ARS Coordinator Prof. Madhumita Ray.
We would also like to thanks our host organization National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee that given
us an opportunity to work in given project. We also thankful to Reporting officer Dr. V. C. Goyal,
Divisional Head, Research Management and Outreach Division. Also thankful to our Assistant
Reporting officer Dr. Dinesh Kumar who facilitated our accommodation and made us to learn all the
ARS components by doing and interacting with the community member who involved in the Project.
Last, but not the least, we express our sincere thanks to all the farmers ie. Mr. Deepak Kumar Saini,
Mr. Rahul Saini and Resource person Mrs. Somlata Saini etc. for their support during our field visit. In
order to complete fieldwork successfully, we would like to present special thanks to all the research
participants and villagers who provided their valuable time.
AKASH KUMAR SAHU (16201002)
SONALI GAIKWAD (16201031)

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DECLARATION
We do hereby declare that this report of Action Research Segment (ARS) submitted to the KIIT School
of Rural Management (KSRM) of KIIT University, Bhubaneswar for the partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the Master in Business Administration – Rural Management is of our own and has not
at any time been previously submitted to this University or any other Universities/Institutions for
award of any degree or diploma.
Place: Bhubaneswar AKASH KUMAR SAHU (16201002)
Date: SONALI GAIKWAD (16201031)

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CERTIFICATE
This is to be certified that this internship entitle “Action Research Segment, Identification of
Strategies for Reorient the Agro-horticultural Practices aimed to strengthen the Rural Ecosystem”
submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Master of Business Administration in Rural
Management, is a record of independent research work carried out by Akash Kumar Sahu (16201002),
Sonali Gaikwad (16201031) under my guidance. No part of this dissertation has been previously
submitted earlier for the award of any degree/diploma/associate ship/prize by KIIT School of Rural
Management.
(Prof. H.S. Ganesha)
Faculty Guide

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CONTENTS
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………..10-11
1.1) About Study Area:.........................................................................................................................................10
1.2) About ARS:...................................................................................................................................................10
1.3) About Organization:......................................................................................................................................10
1.4) Objective of study : .......................................................................................................................................10
1.5) Location of study area...................................................................................................................................11
2. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………….…12-13
2.1) Different source of Data : ...................................................................................................................................13
2.1.1) Primary Data :..............................................................................................................................................13
2.1.2) Secondary data :...........................................................................................................................................13
2.2) Data Analysis :....................................................................................................................................................13
3. FINDINGS………………………………………………………………………......…14-27
3.1) Social Structure of village : ...............................................................................................................................15
3.1.1) Population :...............................................................................................................................................15
3.1.2) Caste Category :...........................................................................................................................................16
3.1.3) Income Sources of household:.....................................................................................................................16
3.1.3.1) Primary Occupation:................................................................................................................................17
3.1.4) Expenditure data of Village Household:......................................................................................................18
3.1.5) Cultivation Practices:...................................................................................................................................18
3.1.5.1) Annual data of crops taking by Households: ............................................................................................18
3.1.5.2) Double crop taking Households:...............................................................................................................19
3.1.5.3) Crop Production analysis:.........................................................................................................................20
3.1.6) Micro Enterprise:.........................................................................................................................................20
3.1.7) Livelihood Pattern: ......................................................................................................................................21
3.1.8) Land Holding & Crop Pattern:.....................................................................................................................21
3.1.9) Market Facilitation: .....................................................................................................................................24
3.1.10) Literacy Rate: ............................................................................................................................................24
3.2) Infrastructure of village : ....................................................................................................................................25
3.2.1) Roads:..........................................................................................................................................................25
3.2.2) Electricity: ...................................................................................................................................................25
3.2.3) Communication: ..........................................................................................................................................25
3.3) Social Infrastructure: ..........................................................................................................................................25

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3.3.1) Educational status:.......................................................................................................................................25
3.3.2) Aanganwadi Centre:.....................................................................................................................................25
3.3.3) Drainage: .....................................................................................................................................................25
3.3.4) Defecation:...................................................................................................................................................26
3.3.5) Institutional Data of Near by Village :.........................................................................................................26
4. PARTICIPATORY RURALAPPRAISAL…………………………………………………28-31
4.1) Participatory Rural Appraisal: ............................................................................................................................29
4.2) Transect walk and Rapport building:..................................................................................................................29
4.3) Mapping:.............................................................................................................................................................29
Fig: 4.3.1 Social Map.............................................................................................................................................29
Fig: 4.3.2 Resource Map........................................................................................................................................30
Fig: 4.3.3 Vulnerability Map..................................................................................................................................30
Fig: 4.3.4 Activity Clock........................................................................................................................................31
Fig: 4.3.5 Venn Diagram........................................................................................................................................31
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………32-33
5.1) Results of survey: ...............................................................................................................................................33
5.2) Suggestions :.......................................................................................................................................................33
6. RURALACTION COMPONENT…………………………………………………………34-45
6.1) Introduction : ......................................................................................................................................................35
6.2) Objectives:..........................................................................................................................................................35
6.3) PROBLEM ANALYSIS: ....................................................................................................................................36
6.4) CASE STUDY:...................................................................................................................................................37
6.4.1) Case study 1.................................................................................................................................................37
6.4.2) Case study 2.................................................................................................................................................39
6.5) MICRO PLANNING FOR VILLAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH ......................................................................41
6.5.1) Mushroom Cultivation.................................................................................................................................41
6.5.1.1) Cultivation of oyster mushroom:..............................................................................................................41
6.5.1.2) Scientific characteristic of suggested mushroom:.....................................................................................41
6.5.1.3) Statement of total expenditure on mushroom cultivation:........................................................................42
6.5.1.4) Scope for Mushroom production:.............................................................................................................43
6.5.2) Vermi-Compost................................................................................................................................................43
6.5.2.1) Statement of total expenditure on Vermicomposting:...............................................................................44
6.5.2.2) Benefit of Vermicomposting:- ..................................................................................................................45
6.5.2.3) Scope for Vermicomposting: ....................................................................................................................45
7. NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME…………………..……………………………………46-50
7.1) Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................47
7.2) Objective of NSS:............................................................................................................................................47
7.3) Participation in Sanitation awareness in School:................................................................................................48
7.4) Photos during ARS Survey:................................................................................................................................50
7.5) References ..........................................................................................................................................................50

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Title of project : Identification of Strategies for Reorient the Agro-horticultural Practices aimed to
strengthen the Rural Ecosystem.
Location : National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, haridwar District, Uttrakhand
Name of the students : Akash kumar Sahu, Sonali Gaikwad
Objectives : The main purpose of this fieldwork was to get practical experience of rural life and
understand village dynamics through close interaction with its people and institutions.
The objectives of the study are:
 To understand the livelihood systems of the village.
 To learn the village socio economic structure.
 To understand the village life and realities, particularly identify the reason and problem in
village.
 Learn PRA tools with the villagers.
 Analyse their problems and offer practical solutions.
 To understand the significance and role of various organization and community based
institutions.
Host Organization : National Institute of Hydrology (NIH) is a Government of India society under
Ministry of Water Resources and has been functioning as a research Institute in the area of hydrology
and water resources in the country since December 1978 in Roorkee City of Haridwar District.
Areas of Work :
 Water conservation
 Utilization practices of agricultural Land
 Agro-horticulture practices for farmers
 Current situation of Government schemes in village
 Awareness for development of water catchment area
 Evaluation of agricultural cost and output in different crops.
 Sustainable agriculture model for village

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Project Activities : This internship allows us to experience the rural scenario in present day. NIH
Roorkee given us this opportunity to face off the village condition and identify the problems of study
area. Starting 3 days we only visit the study area to identifying of resource persons and planning of
work. Our project areas are Masahi, Belki and Inayatpur village of Ibrahimpur Masahi Gram
Panchayat. This place has comes under in Hardiwar district of Uttrakhand state.
The study area has given us because organization had already started some hydrological projects. So
this will easier to rapport build and working with villagers. In this study area we conducted agricultural
survey to find out the current situation of economic condition of village. We had done the interview
schedule, focused group discussion with households that given us basic idea about the life style of
villagers. In the date of 25 Sep to 16 Oct’2016 we are engaged in organizational projects and
preparation of questionnaire development. In this we have asked to prepare questionnaire according to
our previous academics. After the submission of this developed questionnaire, we are gone the village
area to doing our households survey and learning. The PRA tools we have used to analyze the village
situation are Transect walk, Social map, Resource map, Vulnerability map, Venn diagram etc.
The survey work and PRA we had done within 3 weeks and after this assessment we again came back
to organization for preparation of report writing and assessment of village work. In the whole duration
of ARS part in the village we had done various types of activities briefly listed are:
 Visited the block office, KVK (krishi Vigyan Kendra), Gram Panchayat office and Market
place of village. To get the secondary source of data for questionnaire schedule. We also met
with the KVK officer.
 We also suggested the village people to utilize the pond boundary for agricultural practices.
 Meeting with the 3 different categories for focused group discussion (old age people, Married
women’s, young Males).
 Made the Micro-planning for strengthen the village ecosystem by Vermi-compost, Mushroom
Cultivation etc.
 In NSS activities we had done sanitation awareness with the help of primary and middle
school. Also we teach them the importance of sanitation.

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1) About Study Area:
Masahi Kala, Belki and Inayatpur are small villages which located in Ibrahimpur gram panchayat of
Bhagwanpur Tehsil of Haridwar district, Uttarakhand, India. It comes under Ibrahimpur masahi
Panchayat. It belongs to bhagwanpur Division. It is located 34 KM towards West from District
headquarters Haridwar and 18 KM from block office bhagwanpur. With total around 370 household
residing. The main crops grown by the farmers are Wheat, Rice, Maize and Sugarcane.
1.2) About ARS:
Action Research Segment directly addresses the problem of the division between theory and practice
by integrating the development of practice with the construction of research knowledge in a cyclical
process. The purpose of all action research is to impart social change, with a specific action as the
ultimate goal.
1.3) About Organization:
National Institute of Hydrology is a Government of India society under Ministry of Water Resources
and has been functioning as a research Institute in the area of hydrology and water resources in the
country since December 1978 in Roorkee City of Haridwar District.
1.4) Objective of study :
• To study and conduct Research on Social, Cultural and economic aspects of the Rural
Communities and promote them.
• To promote all types of activities that aimed at the integral development of persons and
communities.
• To help, devise schemes and projects and help to execute them which will assist the village
towards elimination of poverty and misery.
• To promote efficient irrigation pattern for agricultural aligned activities.

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1.5) LOCATION OF STUDY AREA
Image 1.1 Source: Google map

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2. METHODOLOGY
The data collected are on demography, social structure, infrastructure facilities, agro-climatic
resources, village economy, village organizations and people’s institutions and the issues of
development. Both Quantitative and Qualitative data were collected. The quantitative data were on
population, land holding, literacy rate. The qualitative data were quality of drinking water, quality of
the road, housing pattern, sanitation, food habit which were obtained from the village after the
interaction with the villagers and with use of tools like PRAs, Focused Group discussion, informal
meetings. Then by the active participation of villagers we did participatory rural appraisal to collect
data and identify problems.
2.1) Different source of Data : The collection of household survey data we are using both
primary and secondary data.
2.1.1) Primary Data :
 In Primary data collection we are using the convenience sampling method. Which we have
conducted the survey from Masahi Village is 31, Belki 25 and Inayatpur is 18 total 74 house
hold we have done village survey out of 370 households.
 The collection of primary data we had mainly used this method to find the socio-cultural
situation among different communities.
2.1.2) Secondary data :
We collected secondary data from Gram Panchayat, Block head office, National Institute of Hydrology
and local community members Anganwadi, Primary School, Sarpanch and Internet.
2.2) Data Analysis :
We have used statistical methods and tools to analyze data. We used Statistical tools like tables,
graphs, bar charts, averages, percentages etc. were used to analyze the data collected on various things
like, caste, sex ratio, different occupations, expenditure, assets, land holding pattern, literacy level, and
different infrastructure like road, electrification etc.

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3. FINDINGS
As part of the field work module of Village Study Segment course, we conducted survey of village
Masahi kala, Belki and Inayatpur in Ibrahimpur Masahi gram panchayat of Bhagwanpur block of
Haridwar district of Uttrakhand. We were assigned a host organization, a central government
organization named National Institute of Hydrology working in the roorkee city of Haridwar district of
Uttrakhand. We had the opportunity to closely observe the various forms of interventions and
interactions taking place within the village and understand the impact of such interventions on the lives
of the people of the village.
3.1) Social Structure of village :
3.1.1) Population :
In Masahi Kala village population is 1472, and in Belki is around 700 and in Inayatpur village total
population is 910.
Hamlet No. of HH Male Female Total
Masahi kala 155 770 702 1472
Belki 125 495 415 910
Inayatpur 90 366 334 700
Total 370 1631 1451 3082
Source: Village Survey

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3.1.2) Caste Category :
In the village we had find only the SC and OBC category under this many types of caste like Saini,
Banjare, Gadriye, etc.
Source: Village Gram Panchayat Source: Village Gram Panchayat
3.1.3) Income Sources of household:
The village people mainly depend on agriculture. It is very tough challenge for us to find out the
income amount of villagers. The time of survey even we asked for their income amount they react
scared to give original data, because they thought that we might be using this to giving government
bodies. Otherwise they feel free to share their condition. In the village majorly people belongs to
agricultural aligned activities like cultivation, Agricultural labor, milk production etc. In other hand the
people not having land most of them migrates to the nearby Sugarcane Factory for earnings.
58.49%
41.50%
Population Chart
Male Female
58.67%
41.33%
Caste Category
OBC SC
29.60%
0.30%
7.60%
19.70%
5.30%
10.40%
1.30%
25.80%
Income chart
Cultivation
Collection of non-timber
Agri. Labour
Non-agri. Labour
Petty business
Govt. Job
Milk production
Others(Priv job, Factory
going etc.)

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3.1.3.1) Primary Occupation:
The primary occupations of households are mainly engaged in labor work it is 53% of total. It has been
shown in the pie chart as well as the 27% households are in agriculture and agriculture related sector.
Source: Village survey
Most of the village households are involved in more than 1 occupation ie. agriculture and labor or
agriculture and petty business, So that we had classify it in number of Household and number of
occupation.
Occupation No. Of HH
Agriculture 6
Agri. Labor 9
Business 1
Contractor 1
Cultivation 14
Govt. Job 1
Labor 40
Tailor 1
Teacher 1
Total 74
No. Of Occupation No. Of HH
1 29
2 30
3 11
4 03
5 1
Total 74

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3.1.4) Expenditure data of Village Household:
According to the data of income they are expending more than that. It is very tough situation to relate
this data but after 4-5 household survey we realized that this may happen because they are not
regularly earn. They got mostly seasonal income only, for their needs sometimes they also face very
trouble situation.
3.1.5) Cultivation Practices:
In the different type of season the farmers are taken practice of different crop. According to
information that we got from the village survey we identified the major regions of their cultivation
practice that shows in figure below:
3.1.5.1) Annual data of crops taking by Households:
In the survey data we analyzed that various types has been grown by the farmers. In this we calculate
the number of crop which produced annually. This data covered all surveyed households and number
of crops also.
32.78%
12.33%
8.97%
7.64%
12.17%
7.21%
3.69%
8.22%
2.54%
0.04
Expenditure Chart
Food Clothing Health Education
Ceremonials/rituals Transport Electricity Repay of loan
Fuel Others

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3.1.5.2) Double crop taking Households:
In the village there are many households they also grown twice in a year. In this way we categorized
the both crops which practiced annually by the farmers and number of those farmers also..
Crop Name Grow Don’t grow
Wheat 36 38
Paddy 13 61
Sugarcane 18 56
Mango 7 67
Ground Nut 4 70
Peanut 2 72
vegetables 1 73

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3.1.5.3) Crop Production analysis:
The analysis of crop production we had done by surveyed household. Among all crops which practiced
by village farmers we conclude it on the basis of area under production and output.
S.No. Crop name Area under production
(in Acre)
Total production
(in quintal)
Average production
(in quintal)
1. Wheat 36 485 13.5
2. Mango 23 1167 50.74
3. Sugarcane 19.5 2000 103
4. Groundnut 4.25 54.2 12.75
5. Maize 1.2 12 10
6. Cucumber 0.75 20 26.67
7. Peanut 1 4 4
8. Vegetables 1.5 2 1.33
3.1.6) Micro Enterprise:
Out of 176 households only Six households have small shop which keeps some basic need items like,
bulb, sugar, tea, biscuit, snacks, soap, hair oil, Matchbox, etc. There are two Carpenter making Wood
machineries related to agriculture, khat, chair, home doors and windows. One diesel auto rikshaw
owned person, two peoples are well engaged in Tailoring work.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
13.5
50.74
103
12.75 10
26.67
4 1.33
Average production (in quintal/acre)
Average production (in quintal)

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3.1.7) Livelihood Pattern:
The livelihood of villagers is multidimensional; people are engaged in a number of activities. Villagers
try to do maximum work to access the family needs. Most of the people in the village have agriculture
as the primary source of income, apart from this they also do work as wage laborers in government
schemes or private works. If they do not have work in village they migrate to nearby Sugarcane factory
of Bhagwanpur as labour employee to earn some livelihood.
3.1.8) Land Holding & Crop Pattern:
In village 23.61% house doesn’t access any agricultural land. In that situation only 76.93% of total
household does have been able to do agriculture. Rather in this situation unfortunately those landless
have no option to do only labour work because most of them are unskilled.
Ground
Nut
Mang
o Paddy
Peanu
t
vegetable
s
Whea
t
Grand
Total
Marginal (2.5 acre) 2 1 2 1 1 18 25
Small (2.5 - 5 acre) 5 8 13
Semi- Medium (5 -10
acre)
1 5 7 13
Grand Total 2 7 7 1 1 33 51
54.00%
31.00%
8.00%
3%
4%
Livelihood Chart
Non Agri. Labour Farmer Agricultural Labour Govt. Job others

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3.1.8.1) BPL households land holding and crop taking practice:
S. No.
Land
accessible
HH
Landless
HH
CROP TAKEN IN NUMBER LAND AREA
3 or
more
Double
crop
Single
crop
Landless
Marginal
(up to 2.5
acre)
Small
(2.5-5
acre)
Semi-
medium
(5-10
acre)
No.
Of
HH 49 16 13 15 21 16 25 12 14
Out
of
65 65 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
3.1.8.2) APL household land holding and crop taking practice:
13 15
21
49 49 49
MORE THAN 2 CROP MORE THAN 1 CROP SINGLE CROP
CROP TAKING PRACTICE OF BPL HOUSEHOLD
Series1 Series2
24%
37%
18%
21%
LAND OWING DATA OF BPL
HOUSEHOLD
Landless
Marginal (upto
2.5 acre)
Small (2.5-5
acre)
Semi-medium
(5-10 acre)
S. No.
Land
accessible
HH
CROP TAKEN IN NUMBER LAND AREA
3 or more
Double
crop
Single crop
Marginal
(up to 2.5
acre)
Small
(2.5-5 acre)
Semi-
medium
(5-10 acre)
No. Of HH 9 2 3 4 3 3 3
Out of 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

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3.1.9) Market Facilitation:
The nearest market available for the villagers is at Haddipur. It is a small market but all basic need
essential are easily available in this area like Kirana store, Machinery shops, mobile shop, bike
repairing shop, seed and fertilizer shop, Petrol pump, Stationary shop, etc. For all kind of basic
amenities fulfilled by this place. The major transport facility like Auto and Mini bus had also
facilitated by this place. People who wants to go Block office (Bhagwanpur) or bank (PNB & SBI go
to Piran Kaliyar) they need to came this place then they got any kind of public transport.
3.1.10) Literacy Rate:
In village survey we find that 384 out of 411 are above than 6 years in this only 299 are only literate.
2
3
4
9 9 9
MORE THAN 2 CROP MORE THAN 1 CROP SINGLE CROP
CROP TAKING PRACTICE OF APL
HOUSEHOLD
Series1 Series2
34%
33%
33%
LAND OWING DATA OF APL
HOUSEHOLD
Marginal (upto
2.5 acre)
Small (2.5-5 acre)
Semi-medium (5-
10 acre)

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3.2) Infrastructure of village :
3.2.1) Roads:
The village is well connected through a concrete Road. It’s very well connects to nearby all the village.
3.2.2) Electricity:
The village was well electrified but most of the house hold doesn’t proper electrify with electric meter
connection. As present now most of the household has applied application for it and government has
try to cover this work.
3.2.3) Communication:
The village had almost every house having the mobile phones. The well connecting SIM network are
BSNL, IDEA, AIRTEL and VODAFONE. In the near place of village at Haddipur having tower of an
IDEA network so, people most preferring for IDEA sim.
3.3) Social Infrastructure:
3.3.1) Educational status:
There is one Primary school in the village; Middle school is situated in outer boundary of village. But
the teaching has done through merged class standard ie 1st
, 2nd
& 3rd
classes will take in same class.
They are allowed to sit in same class and separately take the teaching era.
3.3.2) Aanganwadi Centre:
The Anganwadi is having its own building. Anganwadi worker and Asha are in village itself and are
working efficiently. They provide services like Supplementary nutrition, Non-formal pre-school
education, Immunization, Health Check-up, Referral services, Nutrition and Health Education.
3.3.3) Drainage:
Drainage is a major problem in the village because there is lack of drainage line on both side of roads,
even road is pucca but to this bad situation day by day road is degrading the quality of it.

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3.3.4) Defecation:
54% of the houses in the village practice open defecation while the rest have own toilet facilities.
Households having toilet facility but males mostly prefer to go in the open for defecation; toilets are
mostly used by Women, small children’s and old age peoples.
Source: Anganwadi
3.3.5) Institutional Data of Near by Village :
From To Institutions Distance
Masahi Kala Haridwar Railway Station 33 KM
Masahi Kala Roorkee Railway Station 21 KM
Masahi Kala Haridwar District Headquarter 34 KM
Masahi Kala Bhagwanpur Tehsil 18 KM
Masahi Kala Bhagwanpur Janpath 18 KM
Masahi Kala Haddipur Primary Health Centre 4 KM
Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar Veterinary Hospital 10 KM
Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar Police Station 10 KM
Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar State Bank of India 10.5 KM
Masahi Kala Haddipur Market 3.8 KM
46.75%
53.24%
Independent
Open defecation

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Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar Cooperative Bank 10.5 KM
Masahi Kala Haddipur Cattle market 4 KM
Masahi Kala Haddipur High School 4 KM
Masahi Kala Haddipur Middle School 4 KM
Masahi Kala Piran kaliyar Bus Stand 10.5 KM
Masahi Kala Ibrahimpur PDS 2.4 KM
Masahi Kala Ibrahimpur Gram Panchayat 2.4 KM
Masahi Kala Ibrahimpur Anganwadi centre 2.4 KM
Masahi Kala Inside Village Primary School 0 KM
Masahi Kala Inside Village Temple 0 KM
Source: PRA

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CHAPTER 4
PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL

29
4. PARTICIPATORY RURALAPPRAISAL
4.1) Participatory Rural Appraisal:
Participatory techniques used to build rapport, elicit support, information and participation of the
people in their own development.
4.2) Transect walk and Rapport building:
The first day of village study we were walking through areas of interest to observe, to listen, to identify
different zones or conditions, and to ask questions to identify problems and possible solutions. With
this method, we can quickly learn about topography, soils, land use, forests, watersheds, and
community assets. We also had done rapport building with the village peoples that helped us for
further households and NSS activities.
4.3) Mapping: We have made the different types of maps to identified different social and
community based region and resources of village house hold. The maps we had made are followings:
Fig: 4.3.1 Social Map Source: PRA

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Fig: 4.3.2 Resource Map Source: PRA
Fig: 4.3.3 Vulnerability Map Source: PRA

31
Fig: 4.3.4 Activity Clock Source: PRA
Fig: 4.3.5 Venn Diagram Source: PRA

32
CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

33
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1) Results of survey:
 The focused people in the 74 household surveys of 3 villages had agriculture is the primary
source of earning and livelihood.
 The geographical condition of this area is suitable for good production of agriculture and there
is good level of ground water.
 Farmer who’s accessible for agricultural land are mostly using yearly crop (ie. sugarcane) or
grows maize, rice, wheat, and mustard majorly.
 The villages have poor connectivity with market or government mandi.
 Community based facilities are in very poor condition ie. Due to low drainage facility water
flows on roads and ultimately road degrades its quality.
 Farmers are ignorant about the crop disease and animal disease because there is no any
veterinary center also.
 Demand for health insurance is very high and also there is need for warehouse facility.
 The people don’t want work with other community ie. Saini caste which comes in OBC and
gadariye caste comes in SC, they don’t work with help of each other and same work also.
 In distress periods the villagers migrate to other places for earning their livelihood, also they
ask credit from the informal sources on high interest rates to meet their financial need.
5.2) Suggestions:
 Provide awareness amp among advance agriculture techniques through KVK.
 Using of drainage system will helps to maintain the road quality.
 Crop rotation, crop diversification helps to gain more profit as well as for optimum utilization
of land.
 Veterinary center should open in gram panchayat of village so it will help to treatment of
disease and other services related to livestock.
 Open at least on women SHG’s that will helps to women as well as for their empowerment.
 Agriculture consultant is required in the villages due to lack of adequate facilities.
 In the gram panchayat area is also need a primary health center so that village people can
access the treatment of small disease or fever.

34
CHAPTER 6
RURAL ACTION COMPONENT

35
6. RURALACTION COMPONENT
6.1) Introduction :
National Institute of Hydrology has given the work area of village Masahi, Belki and Inayatpur. These
areas mainly 80 percent of the villagers are engaged in agriculture or agricultural related work and the
rest are engaged in either small-scale business or employed in service sector. The land of this region is
quite fertile, so multiple cropping is less practiced. Important towns near to village are Bhagwanpur,
Roorkee and Haridwar. Due to haridwar district location because bank of river Ganga, it has plenty of
water level and almost all kind of food grains are produced here in abundance. The temperature during
summer months ranges from 15 – 42o
C, while in the winter months the temperature varies within 6–
16.6o
C. Monsoon rains occurs mainly during June month.
6.2) Objectives:
 To study and conduct Research on Social, Cultural and economic aspects of the Rural
Communities and promote them.
 Facilitate better linkages between community institutions and the panchayat for betterment of
village.
 To promote all types of activities that aimed at the integral development of persons and
communities.
 To promote efficient irrigation pattern for agricultural aligned activities.
 Identify the adequate areas and appropriate locations for establishment of small industry, office,
SHG’s that will not degrade the character of the surrounding natural, cultural, ethical and
physical bodies.
 To assist local communities in setting a strategic direction and priorities to implement village
development plan.

36
6.3) PROBLEM ANALYSIS:
Most of the villagers are marginal farmers and no big farmers are there. It means they have been low
land availability problem. There lands are distributed in very large distance thereby doesn’t cover up
the more productive farming.
 People don’t want to change their occupational behaviour and traditional pattern of agriculture
aligned activities. They are habitual of traditional methods because it’s easy to practice and
they are followers practitioner for each other, so its help them to taken care of crop.
 One of most issue is they are using traditional pattern of agriculture and no awareness among
new modern techniques of agriculture.
 They don’t agree to work in Self Help Group and also don’t want initiate this type of think.
There having different caste and the people are not believing for trust-able issues like Who will
take care for daily basis fund, HR, market etc.
 Village has facing community feature problems like No primary health centre, High school. It’s
a core factor to decrease the community development of village.
 No facilitation of SHG’s - They are biased in nature they don’t want do work in group.
 Boundary is not done in Crop field - Due this lake of practice they not taken care of crop its
affects indirectly by outsourcing factor.
 Sloppy areas damaging to proper drainage management - The place of village is very
undulating region so that the water will not conserve in proper manner.
 Not proper transport facility for village - The village is very far from main market and all other
major need requirement is fulfilled by if those place they go.
 Prevalence of the “Chalta Hai” type attitude - They are not much interested to do any extra
income generating option so it’s tough to innovate them any idea.
 Women empowerment - The male person of village they don’t want to suggest there housewife
to do work in Self-help Group. But the female people of village wanted to join to get extra
source of income.

37
6.4) CASE STUDY:
6.4.1) Case study 1
Name: Rambharosh Saini Age: 48
Marital Status: Married Educational Qualification: 5th
pass
Address:
Village: Masahi Kala PO. Ibrahimpur Masahi
Block: Bhagwanpur District: Haridwar
State: Uttrakhand
Personal Information:
Caste: Other Backward Class Total Member in Family: 5
Religion: Hindu Present Family Income: 6000Rs./month
Background:
Rambharosh Saini is landless person. His family having total 5 members including he and her wife and
3 child. He has started this business in the year of 2005. Because of he has not availability of any kind
of assets for agriculture he doesn’t go for that. Rambharosh is only 5th
class pass person he has not any
kind of piece of land. The village is not having any kind of government schemes for unemployed
persons.
How business started:
Rambharosh having lake of any kind of assets he realized that its very tough to live without
employement. He observed that every person of village buys cloths from nearby city on the time of
festivals. So that he go for the tailoring shop of that place and ask to give training himself. Through
this he has worked as helper in that shop and after 2 year he realized that he is a skilled guy to make
garments. He thought where I can start my business so he find that in his home having a small room
that is used as a store room in which he started a small tailoring shop. He also sieves the old cloths that
required repairing through this he started good small daily earnings. After his good skill of work he has
famous person for nearby two to four villages. So if any person wants to garments he gives order to
Rambharosh. In this way today he has good name in market and every month he earned a good amount
of money that fulfill their basic amenities of house.

38
Fig: 6.4.1.1 Rambharosh Tailoring Shop Source: Village Survey
Through a long time of hard work he has expand his business at present he has one sieving machine,
one inter lock machine and all the assets having own self. So he reduces his cost of manufacturing and
gets more profit rather than past.

39
6.4.2) Case study 2
Name: Purrushottam Saini Age: 44
Marital Status: Married Educational Qualification: 8th
pass
Address:
Village: Masahi Kala PO. Ibrahimpur Masahi
Block: Bhagwanpur District: Haridwar
State: Uttrakhand
Personal Information:
Caste: Other Backward Class Total Member in Family: 6
Religion: Hindu Present Family Income: 2000-3000Rs./month
Background:
Purrushottam Saini is having only 2 bigha of land. His family having total 6 members including he and
her wife and 4 child. He has started this business in 3 months back. He also doing agriculture but level
of profit is not enough to run his household economy. Her wife also participated in agriculture. All
child of Purrushottam are school going and they are also helps sometimes in agriculture work.
How business Started:
Purrushottam having a less amount of land and present scenario its not enough to gain more profit
agriculture by traditional pattern. He faces a big challenge to run his house hold economy. After a long
days occupied in agriculture he realized to do another part time work for his income. So he took for
market to do any small business than he observe that in his village having no any source of sweet and
fast-food kind of shop. And his house front site also having free space to create small open shade based
shop. So he done this open type tent based shop and started his small business.
In started with made samosa and bread pakoda and fixed the price for that @ 2 samosa = 10 Rs same
for bread also. He gained first month only 500 rupees because people are not known his shop, but still
he continues because the village having many small kids and also evening time they visit across his
shop. This had given him opportunity to sale more so still he continued.

40
Fig 6.4.2.1: Purrushottam fast-food shop Source: Village Survey
At present he done 3 months and he told us that he gained the profit previous month around 2000
rupees and his shop is well promoted by other village people so nearby another village people also
came to his shop.

41
6.5) MICRO PLANNING FOR VILLAGE ECONOMIC GROWTH
6.5.1) Mushroom Cultivation
Mushroom is rich of protein material and it is very low cost input required to grow it. To suggest this
technique we mainly focus to the Belki village because there having very low amount of agricultural
land accessibility. Through this they required less amount of area, input cost and got daily earnings.
Belki people having labour work significantly so they can transport it on nearby hotels and market the
time of going to labour in cities. In another way they took firstly surrounding demand and then grow in
huge range. As well as they also use it for self-consumption whenever they don’t have vegetable option
also.
6.5.1.1) Cultivation of oyster mushroom:
Introduction: Oyster mushroom scientifically known as pleurotus. In india also commonly known as
“dingri”. The dingri mushroom are excellent nutritional value.Oyster mushroom is the good sources of
dietary protein food. Cultivation of oyster mushroom having ability to convert lignocelullosic waste
material in to high quality food material. Oyster mushroom was first cultivation at 1917 in Germany by
flank. First cultivation of oyster mushroom by using tree stump & wood logs. Pleurotus sajor-caju was
first reported by jandik & kapoor. The mushroom can be grown at temperature 20 to 25c & Relative
humidity 80 to 90 %. It can be grown all over the world due to simple cultivation technology, pleasant
flavor and long shelf life. The mushroom is used in different recipes like pulav, pakoda, omlet, cutlet,
mushroom masala etc.
6.5.1.2) Scientific characteristic of suggested mushroom:
Scientific name: Pleurotus spp.
Phylum: Basidiomycotina
Class: Basidiomycetes
Sub-class: Holobasidiomycetidae
Genus: Pleurotus
Species: Sajor caju, sapidus, ostreatus, eous, membranaceous, florida,
citrinopileatus, flabellatus.

42
6.5.1.3) Statement of total expenditure on mushroom cultivation:
Source: Jeevika Foundation, Bihar
S.
no.
Expenditure (15*30 feet)
450 square feet
Quantity Unit
1st
Quarterly
2nd
Quarterly
3rd
Quarterly
4th
Quarterly
1. Polythene 2 kg Rs 200 200 200 200
2. Wheat Husk 250kg Rs 500 500 500 500
3. Mushroom Seeds 30kg Rs 900 900 900 900
4. Formalin 1 Lt Rs 240 240 240 240
5. Bavistin / Carbandanzin 500gm Rs 250 250 250 250
6. Lime 1Kg Rs 10 10 10 10
7. Thermometer 1 Rs 60 0 0 0
8. Air Cooler 1 Rs 3500 0 0 0
9. Gunny Bags 100 Rs 1000 0 0 0
10. Electricity Bill - Rs 200 200 200 200
11. Room Rent - Rs 500 500 500 500
12. Labor 3 Rs 300 300 300 300
13. packaging ( polythene) 3kg Rs 300 300 300 300
14. Total Expenditure/Quarterly 7960 3400 3400 3400
15. Production (15*30 feet) 450
square feet
16. Approx Mushroom Yield kg 350 350 350 350
17. selling price of mushroom/ kg
(expected)
Rs 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200
18. Total Income/Quarterly
(expected)
35000-70,000 35,000-70,000 35000-70,000 35000-70,000
19. profit(15*30 feet) 450 square
feet
20. Total profit/Quaterly (expected) 27040-62,040 31600-66,600 31600-66,600 31600-66,600
21. Total Expenditure/Annum Rs. 18160
22. Total Income/Annum Rs. 140000
23.
Total Profit/Annum Rs.
121840 –
261,840

43
6.5.1.4) Scope for Mushroom production:
 In the village Masahi, Belki and nearby villages mostly likes vegetarian food so mushroom is
rich of protein resources it can be also buy for alternative of vegetables.
 As the haridwar is pilgrims place so if the proper market linkage will creates to village so it
also be grow in large level and more beneficial.
 As the village farmers are having low amount of assets, so its practicably good for
microenterprise business.
 Also they can sale it nearby restaurant and get monthly income.
6.5.2) Vermi-Compost
Vermicompost is the product of the composting process using various species of worms, dung and
degradable products etc. Through this we can utilize all the organic components into manure form. The
vermicompost is very productive form of compost that utilize the soil materials in to protein. The
vermicomost also help to increasing the fertility of soil as well production of crop.
In belki and Inayatpur, Masahi its very useful component for their farm lands, because in all
three village having livestock and they are not using any kind of composting method through this they
can utilize their waste material in to compost form. As we seen in the village they are using open
storage of waste material that spread through rain water and its harmful for their village. It’s required a
very low volume of area that can be only 2-5 feet2
that easily access in small piece of land. It’s also
helping them to store their daily wastage in it.
The total cost of production and Output data tables showed in following table:

44
6.5.2.1) Statement of total expenditure on Vermicomposting:
S.No. Expenditure (4*3*2 feet) Unit 1st Quarterly 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarterly 4th Quarterly
A
Bricks Rs 210 0 0 0
Plastic Materials Rs. 100 0 0 0
Net Rs 100 0 0 0
CowDung kg 315 630 630 630
CowDung consumed by earthworm Kg 63 126 126 126
CowDung price Rs 1102.5 2205 2205 2205
Earthworm price Rs 350 0 0 0
Juit Bag Rs 90 90 90 90
Transportation Cost Rs. 250 250 250 250
Total Expenditure/Annum Rs 2202.5 2545 2545 2545
B
Production (4*3*2 feet)
Vermi Compost kg 252 504 504 504
Saling price of vermincompost/kg Rs 10-15 10-15 10-15 10-15
Total Income/Annum 2520-3750 5040-7560 5040-7560 5040-7560
C
Total profit/Quaterly 318-1548 2495-5015 2495-5015 2495-5015
D
Total expense/year Rs. 9837.5
Total Income/year Rs. 17640-26430
Total Profit/year Rs. 7803-16593
Source: Jeevika Foundation, Bihar

45
6.5.2.2) Benefit of Vermicomposting:-
 Reduction of noxious qualities of a wide variety of organic waste, elimination of smell,
reduction of harmful microorganisms
 Production of marketable organic fertilizer
 Production of aqua life, birds and animal food or even human food by drying earthworms
 Additional benefit to the farmers
 Increases soil fertility and bacterial activity in the soil
 Increases micro grains in the soil and enhances water absorption capacity
 Helps the plant root get air easily
 Increases plant resistance to pests, fungus and other deceases
6.5.2.3) Scope for Vermicomposting:
 The Masahi village and gram panchayat Ibrahimpur 80% of total farmer having accessible to
orchard from 1 acre to 10 acre. This area required high volume of manure twice to thrice yearly
so its big opportunity for producer of vermicompost.
 Farmers are mostly using the chemical fertilizer so in place of that if vermicompost can use so
it also increases their soil fertility as well production also.
 In the bagwanpur block most of area covered with mango orchard so also it can be sale to these
places also.

46
CHAPTER 7
NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME

47
7. NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME
7.1) Introduction
National Service Scheme was launched in year 1969 with a motto “Not Me, But You” which means the
service for others without being selfish. It is a service through which the nation’s Youth can develop
the community welfare Programs. The NSS promotes the volunteers to come ahead and put their effort
and help to aware the community through campaigning, drama, role play etc.
The NSS is directly relevant to the Rural Management student, because the student of RM are
supposed to work under Rural Areas and give the development program for the inclusive development
in Rural Areas. Thus NSS is also a part of development activity and therefore is very meaningful for
the Rural Management students.
This NSS activity helps to build direct linkages between Community and Campus, College and
Village, Knowledge and Action, Thinking and Implementation through the involvement of local
community.
7.2) Objective of NSS:
 To work with local community for their awareness and development.
 To encourage students for daily attendance at the school
 To assimilate and incorporate environmental values in the education
 To aware the villagers specially women about the Pulse Polio Drop and its importance for their
nascent child.
 To support the government schemes.
 To inform the women about the other useful vaccination i.e., ECG, BCG etc
 To motivate small children to go to School.

48
7.3) Participation in Sanitation awareness in School:
After done our village households survey we observed that village facing various sanitation problems
Drainage, drinking water and Toilet. We have decided to make awareness between villagers, So we
start this awareness initiatives from Primary school and Middle school. We teach the importance of
sanitation and water related knowledge among students.
We also approach to school students to learn and know how it’s important to protect from diseases and
future problems. After this segment we also arranged a rally for whole village coverage. We have done
this rally with support of primary and middle school students of village. We find that the students are
very interested in rally segment, because we teach them earlier for this importance they are taken very
extreme interest. This has helped us to successfully done this NSS activity.

50
7.4) Photos during ARS Survey:

51
References:
 Gram Panchayat Ibrahimpur
 Block office bhagwanpur
 Aanganwadi centre of village
 Research reports given by National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee
 Agriculture techniques by Jeevika foundation, Bihar
 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhanauri of Bhagwanpur block
 Using of different internet sources:
 http://rp5.in/Weather_in_Bhagwanpur,_Uttarakhand/(checked on 28 Nov 2016)
 http://efreshglobal.com/efresh/Content/Country.aspx?u=utk (Checked on 2 Dec 2016)
List of Abbreviations:
PRA: Participatory Rural Appraisal
SHG’s: Self Help Groups
PDS: Public Distribution System
Mandi: local name of Government Crop purchasing Place
NSS: National Service Scheme
HH: House Hold
ARS: Action Research Segment
RAC: Rural Action Component
HR: Human Resource
SC: Schedule Caste
ST: Schedule Tribes
PHC: Public Health Centre
PNB: Punjab National Bank
GP: Gram Panchayat

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