The potential of biogas in a 100% renewable energy system in Denmark, PhD Fellow Andrei David, Aalborg University
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5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 4th Generation District Heating, Electrification, Electrofuels and Energy Efficiency, Aalborg University, 10-11 September, 2019, Copenhagen
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The potential of biogas in a 100% renewable energy system in Denmark, PhD Fellow Andrei David, Aalborg University
- 1. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 1 BioC at Rosle v The potential of biogas in a 100% renewable energy system in Denmark Authors: Andrei David Iva Ridjan Skov Brian Vad Mathiesen
- 2. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 2 Power and district heat Industry Fuel for transport Applications for biogas Individual heating Source: GASEnergi, Danish Gas Association, June 2018
- 3. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 3 A reference model is set up for Denmark 2050 • 100% renewable • No biogas • Methane produced via biomass gasification and biomass hydrogenation • Limited excess electricity • Technical simulation • Derived from IDA Energy Vision 2050 • EnergyPLAN use in the analysis
- 4. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 4 Biogas as a fuel and its derivatives Biogas E-methane Biomethane Biogas Purification Methanation Hydrogen ConversionFeedstock End fuel
- 5. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 5 Biogas utilization scenarios
- 6. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 6 PES and biomass consumption
- 7. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 7 Energy system costs
- 8. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 8 Energy system costs
- 9. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 9 Gaseous fuel costs Liquid fuel costs in reference
- 10. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 10 Cost breakdown
- 11. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 11 Cost development
- 12. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 12 • If biogas – Power and heat/industry show high cost reductions – Power and heat/industry more appropriate if biogas is suitable – Fuel distribution could be an issue/imply a higher cost • If biomethane – Versatility + low cost for all analyzed sectors – Transport seems the most suitable but high competition with electrification – More resilient to feedstock price changes • If e-methane – Feasible in transport sector only – It competes with liquid fuels (cheaper) and electric vehicles
- 13. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 • More emphasis on gasification technologies • Biogas as end-fuel is preferred independent of sector used and high biomass prices • Biomethane should be used where biogas cannot (power and heat/industry) • E-fuels have a role, but P2G does not present economic feasibility compared to alternatives. • Biogas potential might suffer from change in dietary habits. Powered by 13 Conclusions
- 14. 5th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Copenhagen, 10-11 September 2019 #SESAAU2019 Powered by 14 Thank you! AndreiDavid andrei@plan.aau.dk SustainableEnergyPlanningGroup DepartmentofPlanning AalborgUniversityCopenhagen
Editor's Notes
- Biogas and the role of biogas in the en system Analysis done together with IRS and BVM Set inquire in what sectors and how should biogas be used in DK
- Biogas can be used in all energy sectors as it is a good replacement for natural gas. In some sectors it needs some level of purification… such as transport. Biogas resources have also been estimated for DK. According to the Danish Gas Association up to 59 to 71 PJ of can be produced in DK. This value is claimed to theoretically cover all transport demands in DK. A more convervative estimates says that only 23-28 PJ can be produced in DK. Today, around 18 PJ are used in DK.
- To determine how the biogas should be utilized, a reference model is set up for DK. This model…
- As mentioned earlier, biogas can be used in various ways in the energy system. These simplified diagram describes the pathways and end fuels in the analysis… More pathways exist, but not analyzed here.
- The end fuels are utilized in the following way… The best way to interpret the results in this analysis is to understand what is the fuel replaced.
- Lowest PES is achieved in the scenarios with biogas and biomethane. More PES in the scenarios with e-methane because of the additional wind production even though less biogas is needed. Dry biomass shows a different pattern. It is reduced in all scenarios. Lowest consumption takes place in the PP scenarios, with no notable difference between them. This happens as biogas and its derivatives are directly replacing dry biomass, as forestry products/dry agricultural products. In the industry and transport the reduction is smaller because of the different efficiencies and feedstock used in biomass hydrogenation.
- In terms of costs, four cost levels for biogas feedstock were established at a fixed biomass price of 6 €. The story looks different than the dry biomass consumption. Lowest cost reductions take place when biogas replaced biomass gasification in industry and liquid bio-electrofuels in transport. Biogas shows better in PP and should be prioritized if costs of biomass are low Notable is the biogas-PP and biomethane-industry. However, not all demands in industry can be supplied by biogas.
- Story changes when dry biomass price increases. The difference between using biogas and biomethane is decreased for all sectors…bla bla. They all are very close or below reference independent of manure price. E-methane does bring some modest savings, but still far from the others..
- When biogas feedstock is free, the biogas and biomethane are competitive with the methane and liquid fuels in reference scenario in all and are in line with the energy system costs. However, if there is a cost for biogas feedstock then the cost reductions are smaller…
- If costs are split into components, the image shows that biogas plants have the highest share of the costs, and even though less biogas investments in e-methane scenario. Wind is fixed, but that is just a way of showing the results. El cost can have an even higer impact, not to mention electrolysis, which presents here a low cost of 400.000€/Mwe.
- Some price variations. If onshore wind replaces offshore …