The document discusses using air springs in transportation systems to reduce maintenance costs. Air springs can restrict vibration to desirable levels even at high speeds, unlike helical springs which have low damping and cause problems. Air springs last longer and reduce vibration compared to helical springs, lowering maintenance costs and improving economic conditions. The document outlines characteristics of different spring materials and provides working principles of pneumatic suspensions that use pressurized air chambers and bellows to provide adjustable load support and damping. Test results are shown comparing air spring performance to specifications.

1. TO REDUCE THE MAINTENANCE
COST IN TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM BY USING AIR SPRING

2. Suraj Kumar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bhagwant University,
Ajmer

3. ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the air spring is to restrict the vibration at a
desirable because with increased the speed, dynamic performance of the
vehicles is negatively affected. The trend towards higher rail vehicle
speeds generally results in increased vibrations in the car body, which
has a negative impact on ride comfort .The suspension of the vehicle has
to be modified in order to compensate vibration as well as work life
should have long i.e. maintenance cost is too low. In fact, most helical
spring possess low inherent damping thereby causing serious problems
which will impair the function and life of structures leading to their
ultimate failure as distortion which have bad impacts on economical
condition but air spring have more life as and as well as also reduce the
vibration as per desired level

4. INTRODUCTION
In the general competition between different means of transportation the
main subject is as fast, safe and comfortable journey. For railway
vehicles active technology enlarges the Possibilities of improving the
vehicle’s dynamic performance compared to what the conventional
passive solution has to offer.

5. Curve negotiation
When negotiate a curve at an excessive speed, vehicles will
roll over and automobiles will lose traction and slake out of a
curve instead of rolling over. The more top-heavy a vehicle is,
the more likely it will roll over than slake out of a curve. If the
ride comfort is already good, further improvement at
unchanged vehicle speed and track conditions is generally not
justified due to the high costs of implementing active
suspension. However, goals b) and e) allow large possibilities
for cost-efficient improvements.

7. Characteristics of spring materials

8. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Helical springs
The helical springs are made up of a wire coiled in
the form of a helix and The cross-section of the wire
from which the spring is made may be circular,
square or rectangular and the helix angle is very
small, usually less than 10°.

11. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION
it enclosed pressurized air in a pre-defined chamber
called air spring, made up of rubber bellow &
emergency rubber spring, provides various suspension
characteristics including damping. air springs are
height-controlled load leveling suspension devices.
with changing loads, air spring reacts initially by
changing the distance between air spring support and
vehicle body. the air springs replace only the
secondary suspension, whereas primary suspension
continues to use steel coil springs.

13. S.No Pressure in kg/cm2 Specific load in KN O observed load in KN
1. 1 kg/cm2 30.4 to 33.60 KN 31.25 KN
Lot size upto 10 25 50 75 100
No of samples 2 3 4 5 6
S.NO Item Firm’s RDSO approved Drg.No.
1 Top plate 750 mm
CHARACTERISTICS TESTS
Air Bellow: Table no1characteristics tests
Table no2 specified inspections
Table 3 check list for inspection of air spring

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