3. • CAUSES OF FRACTURES :
1. Motor vehicle accidents
2. Accidents related to falls
3. Recreational and sports activities
4. Fractures result from injuries
• SIGN AND SYMPTOMS :
1. He may have heard or felt a bone snap
2. Pain and tenderness
3. Obvious deformities
4. Swelling and dislocation
4. • FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR FRACTURES
Maintain an open airway and apply artificial
respiration if indicated.
Control hemorrhage by applying pressure
through a large sterile dressing over the
wound.
Immobilize the fracture with the use of
splint, to prevent further injury and to relieve
pain. Cover all open fractures with a clean pad
of cloth.
Seek medical help or bring the injured person
to the nearest hospital.
5. Joint - is a point where two or more of bones comes together.
Dislocation – is an injury to joint in which the ends of your bones
are forced from their position.
- It may occur in major
joints(shoulder, hip, knee, elbow, and ankle) or in smaller
joints(finger, thumbs, and toes)
A dislocated joint may be:
1.Visibly deformed or out of place.
2.Swollen or discolored.
3.Intensely painful
4.Immovable
6. • Sprain(from the French, espraindre-to wring)
- Is an injury which occurs to ligaments by sudden over
stretching(for muscle injury).
• PREVENTION
Sprain can best be prevented by proper use of safety
equipment (wrist, ankle, guards), warm ups and cool down
(including stretching), being aware of your surroundings. And
maintaining strength and flexibility. Physical conditioning is the
best way to avoid or lessen the degree of sprains.
7. • TREATMENT
The first modality method for a sprain can be
remembered using the art of improving the memory, called
mnemonic P.R.I.C.E.
Protect: protect the affected part from further injury
Rest: stop all activities which cause pain to sprained area
Ice: apply the ice to the area several times a day
Compression: wrap sprained area to reduce swelling
Elevation: keep the sprained area as closed to the level of
the heart as is conveniently possible
The ice and compression (cold compression therapy) will
stop the pain and swelling while injury starts to heal itself.
Controlling the swelling and inflammation is critical to the
healing process and the icing further restricts fluid leaking
into injured as well as controlling the pain.
8. STRAINS
- Are injuries to muscles from over exertion.
- BACK STRAINS are commonly cause by improper lifting
FIRST AID TREATMENT
- Bed rest, heat and use of a board under the mattress for
firm support is recommended for a person with a strained
back
- Other strains are cared for by application of heat, warm
wet application and rest
- Medical care
