The document discusses several topics related to Italy and European history. It begins by explaining that Italy was unified in 1861 under King Victor Emmanuel II. It then notes that the two most important archaeological sites in southern Italy are the Colosseum and Pompeii. Further, it provides background on the city of Torre del Greco and discusses influential Renaissance artists like Michelangelo and della Porta. In closing, it briefly describes traditional Italian dishes like pizza and spaghetti.

1. Tomáš Kuka,
United school, Martin, Slovakia

2. Italy is a quite young nation. Do you know when it was founded?
In 1860–61, general Giuseppe Garibaldi led the drive for unification in Naples and Sicily, allowing
the Sardinian government led by the Count of Cavour to declare a united Italian kingdom on 17
March 1861.
What are two of the most important archeological sites in the world? You can find them in
Southern Italy.
2 most important archaeological places in southern Italy are Coloseum and Pompeii. Colosseum
is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and stone,
it is the largest amphitheatre ever built and is considered one of the greatest works of
architecture and engineering. The city of Pompeii was an ancient Roman town-city near modern
Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. Pompeii was
mostly destroyed and buried under 4 to 6 m of ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount
Vesuvius in 79 AD.
Picture links: http://arounddeglobe.com/colosseum-greatest-work-roman-architecture/
http://wandering-through-time-and-place.me/2013/03/27/pompeii-a-city-buried-alive-seaports-of-the-mediterranean/

3. Torre del Greco is exactly in the middle of the coastline of the gulf of Naples. What do you know about
that area?
Torre del Greco is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Naples in Italy, with a population of some
88,000 as of 2007. People are sometimes called Corallini because of the once plentiful coral in the nearby
sea, and because the city has been a major producer of coral jewellery and cameo brooches since the
seventeenth century.
The Italian Renaissance is usually considered a historical landmark for Europe. Who were the most
relevant artists?
The most relevant artist in Italian renaissance were Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta. Michelangelo
was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an
unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered as the greatest living artist in his
lifetime, he has since been held as one of the greatest artists of all time. Giacomo della porta was also an
Italian architect and sculptor, who worked on many important buildings in Rome, including St. Peter's
Basilica.
Picture links: http://aforismi.meglio.it/aforismi-di.htm?n=Michelangelo+Buonarroti
http://www.panoramio.com/photo/22297835

4. Italian cooking is one of the well known in the world. What are the most representative
dishes?
Pizza and spaghetti are the most represtentative dishes in Italy. Pizza is an oven-baked flat
bread generally topped with tomato sauce and cheese. It is commonly supplemented with a
selection of meats, vegetables and condiments.
Spaghetti is a long, thin, cylindrical, solid pasta. Like other pasta, spaghetti is made of milled
wheat and water. Italian spaghetti is made from durum wheat semolina, but elsewhere it may
be made with other kinds of flour.
Picture links: http://richthediabetic.com/the-great-diabetes-and-pizza-controversy/
http://dillasethiopianrestaurant.com/category/menu/spaghetti/

5. Which Czech king was also a Roman Emperor?
Charles IV, born Wenceslaus, was the second King of Bohemia from the House of
Luxembourg, and the first King of Bohemia also to become Holy Roman Emperor. He was the
eldest son and heir of King John of Bohemia, who died at the Battle of Crécy on 26 August
1346. Charles inherited the County of Luxembourg and the Kingdom of Bohemia from his
father. On 2 September 1347, Charles was crowned King of Bohemia.
Where does the word „ robot“ come“ from?
Word „robot“ comes from the Czech word „robotnik“ which means labourer. Robot is a
relative newcomer to the English language. It was the brainchild of the Czech playwright,
novelist and journalist Karel Čapek, who introduced it in his 1920 hit play, R.U.R.,
or Rossum's Universal Robots.
Picture links:
http://www.snipview.com/q/Char
les%20IV,%20Holy%20Roman%20
Emperor4
http://www.knihyomega.cz/eshop
-r.u.r..html

6. What is, according with the European Social Survey, the country least worried about
having immigrants as neighbors?
According to ESS the least worried country about having immigrants as neighbors is
Northern Ireland.
Which mammal is a hero of Czech children´s books and has also travelled to the space?
Laika was a Soviet space dog who became one of the first animals in space, and the first
animal to orbit the Earth. Laika, a stray dog from the streets of Moscow, was selected to be
the occupant of the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 that was launched into outer space on
November 3, 1957.
Picture link:
https://www.moveoneinc.com/blog/pet-
transportation/laika-launched-space-today/

7. Which is, according with the World Economic Forum, the 7th country in the world that best
receives tourists?
7th most visited country in the world is Germany. In year 2014, 31,5M tourists visited this
country.
Who was Tomaš Garrigue Masaryk?
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk was a Czechoslovak politician,
sociologist and philosopher, who as an eager advocate
of Czechoslovak independence during World War I
became the founder and first President of Czechoslovakia.
Picture link: https://forum.valka.cz/topic/view/12864/Masaryk-Tomas-Garrigue

8. What is the country that produces the best cork in all world?
Portugal produces about half the world output of commercial cork, and its exports over
recent years have accounted for around 70 percent of world trade
Which countries does the Czech Republic border on?
Czech Republic borders on Germany, Austria, Slovakia and Poland.
Picture link: http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/save-a-tree-use-real-cork/?_r=0

9. In which country is the most advanced ATM net in the world?
United States has the most advanced and greatest ATM newtork in the world. Year‘s
transactions in this country are about 800 billion USD.
What country has 97% of its geographical area covered by sea?
Portugal area has just 3% of solid surface and 97% of sea, it‘s also called a Jellyfish nation
because jellyfish contains between 95 and 98% water.
Picture link:
http://bigthink.com/strang
e-maps/652-nil-jellyfish-
nation-portugal-is-97-
water

10. What are the historical places in Turkey? Who are their real owners?
The most famous historical places are The Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia. The Blue Mosque
is a historic mosque in Istanbul. The mosque is popularly known as the Blue Mosque for the
blue tiles adorning the walls of its interior. Hagia Sophia is a former Greek Orthodox
patriarchal basilica (church), later an imperial mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul,
Turkey.
Picture links:
http://www.nevworldwonders.com/2013/08/preview-
blue-mosque.html
http://wallerz.net/hagia-sophia/

11. What is the strategic importance of
Turkey? And what are its effects on
culture?
Turkey is playing a very affective role in
the region as a leader, mediator and in
the betterment of the foreign policies of
Islamic and Western world. This report is
about the strategic role for Turkey in the
new era. In the region Turkey has strong
relationships among all neighbors,
including Israel, Russia and Arabic
nations. Turkey is a member of North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since
1952 and a strategic partner of United
States. It is possible to consider the
strategic importance of Turkey under
three subsections: geopolitical
dimension, economic dimension and
political/cultural dimension
Picture link:
http://www.incirlik.af.mil/libra
ry/newcomers.asp

12. What are the traditional sweets and their backgrounds in Turkey?
Acıbadem kurabiyesi is a traditional Turkish biscuit made of almonds, sugar and egg whites.
The traditional recipes include a small amount of bitter almonds, which gives this cookie its
name. Ashure or Noah's Pudding is a Turkish dessert congee that is made of a mixture
consisting of grains, fruits and nuts.
What are the cultural and religious festivals in Turkey?
For example The Istanbul International Music Festival, formerly Istanbul Festival, is a
cultural event held every June and July in Istanbul, Turkey. It offers a selection of European
classical music, ballet, opera and traditional music performances with the participations of
famous artists from all over the world.
Picture links: https://mommycookforme.wordpress.com/2013/11/23/ashure-pudding-with-orange/
http://www.elvanbasustaoglu.com/tarifler/acibadem-kurabiyesi/

13. Who are the main characters in Turkish literature and why?
Ahmet H Tanpınar (1901-1962)
Born in Istanbul in 1901, Tanpınar is considered to be one of Turkey’s most influential
modern writers. His stories are layered with themes and concepts which he leaves open to
interpretation, probing the reader to consider them from alternative perspectives.
Yasar Kemal (Born 1923)
Having written over 30 novels, Yasar Kemal is one of Turkey’s most established writers. His
short stories were confiscated by the police at an early age, and Kemal was later arrested,
beginning a lifelong struggle with law enforcement.
Picture links: https://simgesiir.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/a-htanpin.jpg
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/yasar-kemal-author-who-
came-into-conflict-with-turkey-for-addressing-human-rights-10094041.html

14. What is the name of the river flowing through the capital of Slovakia?
The river is called the Danube and it‘s the biggest in Slovakia and Europe's second-longest
river, located in Central and Eastern Europe.
What is the highest peak of the Slovak republic?
Gerlach Peak is the highest peak in the High Tatras, in Slovakia, and in the whole 1,500 km
long Carpathian mountain chain, as well as in northern and eastern Central Europe.
Picture links:
https://biennalebicycleandbeyond.wordpress.com/categor
y/cycle-the-danube/
http://www.summitpost.org/zadny-gerlach-peak/810527

15. Who was Juraj Janosik?
He was a famous Slovak highwayman. Jánošík has been the main character of many Slovak
and Polish legends, novels, poems and films. He is a semi-legendary character in East-Central
Europe.
When was the Slovak republic established?
On 1 January 1993. Czechoslovakia has divided to Slovakia and Czech Republic.
Picture links: http://janosik.terchova-info.sk/janosik-1935/

16. Who is bordered by Slovakia?
Slovakia borders on Poland, Ukraine, Hungary, Austria and Czech Republic.
What animal is the symbol of Poland?
The White Eagle is the national coat of arms of Poland. It is a stylized white eagle with a
golden beak and talons, and wearing a golden crown, in a red shield. The White Eagle
emblem originated when Poland's legendary founder Lech saw a white eagle's nest. When
he looked at the bird, a ray of sunshine from the red setting sun fell on its wings, so they
appeared tipped with gold, the rest of the eagle was pure white. He was delighted and
decided to settle there and placed the eagle on his emblem.
Picture link:
http://abali.ru/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/herb_polski.png

17. Who was the most famous Polish composer?
Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin was a Polish
composer and virtuoso pianist of the
Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the
solo piano.
What religion is the most popular in Poland?
The population of Poland is 87.5% Roman
Catholic, according to 2011 Survey in which
91.2% of citizens responded to question
about religion.
Picture link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric
_Chopin#/media/File:Chopin,_by_Wodzinska.JPG

18. What is the longest river in Poland?
The Vistula is the longest and largest river in Poland, at 1,047 kilometres (651 miles) in
length. The watershed (drainage basin) area of the Vistula is 194,424 km2, of which 168,699
km2 lies within Poland (splitting the country in half). The remainder is in Belarus, Ukraine
and Slovakia.
Which Polish town is: a. the oldest; b. the biggest?
The oldest city is Kalisz which is located in central Poland, the capital city of the Kalisz
Region.
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, in east-
central Poland, roughly 260 kilometres from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres from the
Carpathians.
Picture links: https://www.mcgill.ca/students/international/university-
warsaw
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vistula_Map.png

19. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!