Seminar Presentation on Femtocell Technology A femtocell is a small device that is used to improve wireless coverage over a small area, mostly indoor. It is a small cellular base station, also called a wireless access point that connects to a broadband Internet connection and broadcasts it into radio waves in its area of coverage.

1. TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON
Femtocell
SUBMITTED BY
VIJAY RASTOGI
1219231111
G.L.BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
GREATER NOIDA
DEPTT. of Electronics and Communication Engineering
GUIDED BY
RASHI GUPTA
(Assistant Professor)

2. CONTENTS
• Femtocell
• What is Residential Femtocell
• How it Looks from backside
• History of Femtocell
• What Problems do they solve ?
• Architecture
• Iuh Protocol based Architecture
• CDMA 2000 Femtocell Architecture
• Need for VoIP
• Femtocell Security Issues
• Other Issues
• Femtocell Questioning Future
• References

3. FEMTOCELL
A Femtocell is a small device that is
used to improve wireless coverage
over a small area, mostly indoor.
Small Base Station.
Connects through Local Broadband
Internet Connection.
Improves Reception Quality of
Signal.
Data rate α Signal quality
3G Suffers Inadequate
Indoor or underground
Signal penetration.
50% Calls and 70%
Data Traffic comes
from Indoor
(Residential,
Commercial Building).
Batteries drained out
rapidly.
Power inv.Proportional
Distance between
Tx and Rx.
Helps to Extend Signal Coverage at Coverage edge of Macro cell.
Femto cell Residential
Pico cell  Enterprises premises
Metro cell  Public/Outdoor Spaces.
Needs only two cable for Power and LAN Connection.
Integrated Femto cells Available with IPTv WiFi Modem GPS

5. How it Looks from backside ?

6. History of Femtocell
• In 2002, a group of engineers at Motorola in Swindon,
England, started a skunkworks team, called the "AFG",
to develop new technologies. Some of their major
achievements included the world's smallest full-power
UMTS base station, one of the first demonstrations of
television to mobile, and the invention and development
of the access point base station (ie. Femtocell). The
original design was intended to provide a direct
equivalent to a WiFi access point, but for mobile cellular
(UMTS, CDMA-2000 or WiMAX). The unit contained all
the core network elements and did not require a cellular
core network, requiring only a data connection to the
Internet or WiFi core network.

7. What Problems do they solve?
• Expensive deployment cost of Network
Infrastructure.
• Low Signal Strength Received from Outside
Base station inside the Building
• 50% voice calls 70% Data traffic originated
indoor
• Reduced amount of traffic on expensive
macro cell network
• Draining out of Smart devices Batteries.

8. Increasing Traffic demand leads the ultimate
need of Femtocells

10. Architecture
• The standard bodies have published formal
specifications for Femtocells for the most popular
technologies, namely WCDMA, CDMA2000, LTE and
WiMAX.
• Network switching subsystem (NSS) (or GSM core
network) is the component of a GSM system that carries
out call switching and mobility management functions
for mobile phones roaming on the network of base
stations.
• Authentication of encrypted IP data.

11. Iuh Protocol based Architecture

12. • ME(Mobile equipment) outdoors use Macro cell to
communicate
• ME indoors switch traffic to Femtocell
• Femtocell works similar to Macrocell radiates less power
than Macrocell
• Uses IP to communicate with the MNO(Mobile Network
Operator)
• Femtocell interfaces with the Femtocell Gateway(FG)
provides signaling protocol and channel conversion also
Perform as Security gateway
• FG interfaces with the RNC(Radio Network Controller)
which switches traffic to MSC(Mobile Switching Centre)
for voice calls and SGSN(Serving GPRS Support Node)
for PSDN(Packet Switch Data Network)

13. CDMA2000(3G) Femtocell Architecture

14. • The femto access point (FAP) This is the device in the femtocell
subscriber’s home for registering and signaling to the IMS core
network
• Femto security gateway (FSG)
offers a secure IP connection between the IMS core
network and the FAP via an unsecure broadband access network.
FSG interfaces with the femto AAA server for authentication FAPs.
• The femto AAA server
• Once a FAP has been authorized, the AAA server share
security policy data with the FSG.
• The femto management system (FMS) This is responsible for
configuring and managing the various femtocell components,
especially auto configuring the FAPs
• • The femto application server This is used to support interworking
functions between the IMS core network and the mobile carrier’s
MAP network. The MAP network consists of network elements that
include HLR (home location register), MC (message center), and
MSC (mobile switching center), to name a few.

15. Need for VoIP
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Loop) is a broadband technology that operates
over existing telephone wire known as twisted pair.
This has the advantage of utilizing the huge amounts of copper wiring the
local telephone companies have deployed over the last century.
• Cable Modem is a broadband technology that operates over the cable
company’s distribution plant, including the coax cable in the customer’s
home.
• FTTH (Fiber to the Home) uses various optical technologies
• WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) uses
wireless technologies to provide broadband service to the customer.
With the advancement of broadband technologies, consumers and businesses
can connect to the public Internet at much higher data rates at reasonable costs.
Everyone have a need for data networking of computers also have a need for
voice networks. Within this last decade the IP networks have matured to support
real-time applications like voice and video reliably with good quality. Since there
are expenses to build, operate, and maintain both networks, having one
network—namely IP—will reduce the cost by converging onto one infrastructure.

16. Femtocell Security Issues
• Voice and data confidentiality
• Content integrity
• Theft of service
• Service availability
A Lots of Videos and Information available on Internet explaining and hacking Femtocell
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FyNB4QmY1Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS4UK-lA928
New Architecture includes--
IPsec – set of protocols For IP Packet security
Authentication header--offers authentication of IP packets. generates a cryptographic hash
authentication code based on the packet contents and including this generated code in the IP
packet’s AH header. When a AH packet is received, the hash code is generated at the
receiver’s end based on the contents of the packet. If the hash code generated by the sender
doesn’t match the hash code regenerated by the receiver, the packet has been tampered with
and is discarded. If both codes match, then the received packet has been properly validated
and can then be processed without concern of breach of integrity.

17. Other Issues
• Interference is the main issues to discuss
and work upon to deploy the Femtocell
Technology

18. Femtocell Questioning Future
- What is the Femtocell Business Model and Deployment Options?
- Femtocell Evolution – How will femtocells evolve alongside 4G technologies such as
WiMAX and LTE?
- Network Integrations and Scalability Issues – What is the best way to integrate femtocells
into the operators network.
- Standards and Regulatory Dimension
- Femtocell Security – How will security issues and QoS over backhaul will be solved?
- Managing millions of femtocell devices.
- What are the pricing and marketing challenges?
- What are the different deployment and what collaborations and partnerships are required
to deliver?
- Will Femtocell became multi-operator devices or an independent indoor network that
users on different network could room to?
- Analysis of different forms of attack: SIM cloning, access to UMA without SIM.

19. References
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell
• http://www.thinkfemtocell.com/
• http://www.thinkfemtocell.com/images/stories/femto/backside_netgear_dsl_f
emtocell_dvg834gh.gif
• 3GPP TS 23.206 “Voice Call Continuity (VCC) between Circuit Switched
(CS)
and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)”, March 2007.
• V. Chandrasekhar, J. G. Andrews, and A. Gatherer, “Femtocell networks: a
survey,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 46, no. 9, pp.
59–67, September 2008.
• http://www.fcc.gov/help/public-safety-tech-topic-23-femtocells
• D. Choi, P. Monajemi, S. Kang, and J. Villasenor, “Dealing with loud
neighbors: The benefits and tradeoffs of adaptive femtocell access,” in
IEEE Globecom, Dec. 2008,