2. REMOTE SENSING
- Is the science of obtaining factual information about
objects, area or phenomenon through the analysis of data
acquired by a device that is contact with the object, area,
phenomenon under investigation.
3. Aerial Photography
- The art and science of producing images in a
sensitized material through the action of light.
- It is the most common, versatile and economical
form of remote sensing.
- Started the development of R.S.
4. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
OF REMOTE SENSING
During American Civil War
- Aerial Photography was first used in military.
1839
- Birth of photography
5. Pioneers in the field of photographic
processes
A. Nicephore Niepce
- developed heliography. A technique to create the world’s
oldest surviving product of photographic process: a printing plate
made from photoengraved printing plate.
B. Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre
- invented a positive image process for making portraits
using metal film plates that had been light sensitized with a
larger silver iodide.
6. C. William Henry Fox Talbot
- Introduce the negative and positive process that is continues
used until this day.
1840
- Reduction of camera exposure.
1858
- Gaspard Felix Tournochon (Parisian photographer)
took the first aerial photo using a balloon that ascended a height
of 80m and obtain a photographic over Bievre, France.
7. 1860
- James Wallace Black :
Took another aerial photo
from a balloon over Boston.
1862
- To analyze the defenses of
Richmond, the Union Aray
used Aerial Photography.
8. 1863
- Oliver Wendell Holmes
Immortalized the photo taken by James Wallace Black
1882
- E.D Archibald (English Meteorologist)
Took the first photograph from a kite to obtain Meteorological
data.
9. 1900’s
- G.R Lawrence Made a popular
worldwide kite photography.
- Improvement in the photographic
technology whose smaller cameras
and faster lenses and films become
available.
- kites and pigeons used also as
platforms
10. 1903
-The airplane was invented.
1909
- Wilbur Wright (pilot)
- the birth of 1st aerial motion
picture using airplane as camera
platform when motion picture is
taken over Centocelli, Italy.
11. A. P using Aircraft
- received heightened attention in the interest of military
reconnaissance during WW1. The Greatest stimulation to photo
interpretation occurred during WW2 (1939), Germany as world leader.
- water depth analysis is developed and photo interpretation
techniques become the stablished procedure for civilian applications.
Space imaging
- followed A.P
12. 1891
- Ludwig Rhamann
- Improved apparatus for obtaining Birds eye photographic views
which used a rocket propelled camera system and recovered by a
parachute.
1907
- Alfred Maul
- Added the concept gyro stabilization to rocket-camera system
1912
- Maul boosted a 41kg payload containing a 200x250mm format
camera to a height of 790m.
13. 1946 – 1950
- the period when the cameras were carried abroad captured V-2
rockets fired from the white sands providing ground in New Mexico.
- from then on, numerous flights involving photography were
made rockets, ballistics missiles, satellites, and manned spacecraft.
1960
- beginning with TIROS 1
TIROS 1 is an early weather satellites were used with a rather craise
views
Of cloud patterns and virtually indistinct images of earth’s surface.
14. May 5, 1961
-Alan B. Shepard (American)
made a 15min. Suborbital Mercury Flights where 150 excellent
photos were taken using a Mauer 70mm automatic camera.
February 20, 1962
- John Glenn Jr.
he made 3 historic orbits around the earth and took 48 color
photos during Mercury MA-6 using a 35mm camera.
- 70mm Hasselblad camera
was used in color reversal photos.
15. Mission GT-4
- included the first formal photographic experimental from space specifically
directed at geology.
Apollo 9
- one of Apollo earth orbit flights made prior to the lunar landing which
include the first controlled experiment involving the acquisition of multispectral
orbited photography for earth resources studies using a 4 camera array of
electrically driven and triggered 70mm Hasselblad cams.
Skylab (1973)
- the first American Space Workshop was launched where its astronauts
took over 35,000 images of the earth with the Earth Resources
Experimental Package on board.
16. EREP
- had a 6-camera multispectral array +2 misowave system and a long
focal length “earth terrain” camera + a13 channel multi spectral scanner.
- the first to demonstrate the complementary nature of photography and
electronic imaging from space.
Apollo Soyuz Test Project by US
- USSR joint effort
Another space station experiment using R.S with a hand-held cameras.
- demonstrated that trained crewmembers could obtain useful and
sometimes unique earth resources data from visual observation and discretionary
imaging.
17. 1970
- detectors that record thermal IR scanners created images
electronically using solid state detectors cooled by liquid nitrogen.
1972
- Earth Resources Technology Satellite 1 (ERETS)
was launched as the first US non-military satellite
18. ERTS 1
- was designed to collect information about the earth’s land
resources.
- renamed into Landsat 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5.
Other satellites used
1. SPOT – France (panchromatic: 10x10m, XS: 20x20m)
2. NOAA-AVHR (weather) (1kmx1km)
3. MOS – Japan
4. IRS – India
5. Microwaves RS
