Slideshow prepared for a series of lectures on the U.S. Presidency for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2008. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The transfer of presidential power pushes us to ask fundamental questions about the tone and policy direction of the country. What will Trump do with the power of the presidency? Will he work with Congress, or act more unilaterally? What policies from the past will he keep? What will he abandon? Will President Trump be able to accomplish all he promised?
George Washington remains, for many Americans, the presidential ideal—a leader whose crucial domestic and foreign policy decisions shaped the growth of America’s democracy.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt called on the public to support his New Deal programs and other policies. Here, he delivers one of his “fireside chat” radio broadcasts, designed to communicate his arguments to the American people and to win their support.
Ford and Carter were both held responsible for the circumstances of their time. Carter didn’t help his case, but the economic swoon in the late 1970s can hardly be brought before his doorstep.
The exercise of presidential power can be the basis of large projects: both spectacular successes and wretched failures.
President Kennedy’s Cuba policy can fairly be called a disaster. It included the Bay of Pigs invasion (a failed attempt to have the former Cuban exiles take back the Island from Castro) as well as various other failed attempts to take down Castro, and ultimately led to the Cuban Missile Crisis and the brink of global nuclear war.
By contrast, Lyndon B. Johnson (who had been Kennedy’s vice president) was able to pass the landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act, the 1965 Voting Rights act, enact Medicare and Medicaid, and launch the War on Poverty. If not for his disastrous leadership with regard to the Vietnam War, Johnson’s reputation as one of the great American presidents would be beyond doubt.
Recall that Congress has a vesting clause, too. But it is a limited one. “All legislative powers herein granted are vested in a Congress of the United States” versus “All executive Powers shall be vested in a President…”: the omission of those two words has dramatic implications for the trajectory of the country.
Some students many not have given this much thought before, but in many nations, the “head of government” and “head of state” functions are different. Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain or Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands are heads of state, but the elected prime ministers of those countries are heads of government.
The president’s job can easily be considered to be a clerk: simply taking the legislation passed by Congress and implementing these laws. Moreover, in a narrow reading of the Constitution, the president has little authority to act as a unitary actor.
It would be helpful to introduce Canning vs. NLRB and the Supreme Court’s decision to honor the Senate’s pro-forma session throughout the winter break. Topic for discussion: “Do you think that the Supreme Court made the right decision, when the Senate was not really conducting any business?”
With respect to executive orders, it is good to point out that while some have been huge decisions (desegregating the military, interning Japanese Americans), most are stunningly banal (giving federal employees a half-day off on Christmas Eve). Moreover, they can easily be undone by the next president. [More on the next slide.]
President Obama’s Executive Orders
Many critics argued that President Obama issued an unprecedented number of executive orders. They said this was his strategy to bypass a Republican Congress that was unsympathetic to his policy proposals. What do the numbers say?
More on the War Powers Resolution on the next slide (Nuts and Bolts 12.2).
The president often meets with foreign leaders in both formal and informal settings—for example, he watched a baseball game in Havana, Cuba, with Cuban leader Raul Castro in March 2016. Such meetings provide a venue for the president to present American views and mediate disagreements, but also to act as a visible symbol of America’s position as a world superpower.
Recall that the president’s legislative power is largely negative. Presidents can ask nicely but cannot introduce legislation themselves. Moreover, they can negotiate about a bill’s parameters by threatening to veto, but that is still predicated on Congress passing a bill in the first place.
See more about the veto on the subsequent two slides.
The figure shows the number of vetoes issued by recent presidents in each congressional term they held office, along with whether the term involved unified or divided government. Do the data support the argument that vetoes are less likely given unified government? Compared with other presidents, did Barack Obama issue an inordinately high or low number of vetoes?.
Executive privilege has a negative taint associated with President Nixon, whose unpopularity, pending impeachment, and fear of a “constitutional crisis” caused him to resign in disgrace (only to be ultimately pardoned by his successor, Gerald Ford).
But as investigations into the executive branch become more frequent, so does invocation of executive privilege.
Bill Clinton used it 13 times.
As mentioned before, George W. Bush also used it.
Barack Obama has used something similar—”the state-secrets privilege”—to claim the right to target radical cleric Anwar al-Awaki (an American citizen living in Yemen who mentored the Christmas Day underwear bomber) for assassination without jury trial or due process.
[Topic for discussion: Which is more important? Ability for judicial or legislative investigators to understand what the executive is doing? Or ability for presidents and their staff to be able to communicate freely?]
Congressional investigations of the Justice Department’s failed attempt to prevent illegal arms shipments into the United States (the operation was code-named Fast and Furious) were stymied by President Obama’s use of executive privilege to limit testimony by his appointees.
While many people perceive the vice president’s position to be ceremonial and relatively powerless, recently the vice president’s role has expanded significantly. President Obama’s vice president Joe Biden served as a trusted policy adviser and directed several initiatives such as the Cancer Moonshot 2020. @JoeBiden #CancerMoonshot
While many people perceive the vice president’s position to be ceremonial and relatively powerless, recently the vice president’s role has expanded significantly. President Obama’s vice president Joe Biden served as a trusted policy adviser and directed several initiatives such as the Cancer Moonshot 2020. @JoeBiden #CancerMoonshot
Despite the limitations in the Constitution, presidential power has increased considerably over time. Many of its occupants have upheld an expansionist view of power, sometimes taking advantage of ambiguity in the Constitution to do everything the Constitution doesn’t forbid (e.g., Teddy Roosevelt). By contrast, others were willing to directly violate the Constitution if it suited a particular objective or if Congress was unable or uninterested in responding (e.g., Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln).
The largest source of ambiguity in the Constitution stems from the vesting clause, which gives all executive powers to the president. As it is not specified what this means, presidents have pushed to argue that most unilateral actions are an extension of this executive power clause.
Most commonly, the ambiguity of the Constitution is met with institutional impasse. While true abuses of power generate a legislative response, Congress is often too gridlocked to respond to minor things that may violate the Constitution or a statute.
The largest source of ambiguity in the Constitution stems from the vesting clause, which gives all executive powers to the president. As it is not specified what this means, presidents have pushed to argue that most unilateral actions are an extension of this executive power clause. Most commonly, the ambiguity of the Constitution is met with institutional impasse. While true abuses of power generate a legislative response, Congress is often too gridlocked to respond to minor things that may violate the Constitution or statute.
George W. Bush developed the notion of the unitary executive theory, arguing that the president’s power was more expansive than typically understood: he was even willing to defy congressional sanction.
Otherwise, presidents can issue a signing statement, offering their (different) interpretation of the law than what Congress may have intended, and directing the bureaucracy to implement their directives.
Most scholars agree that Congress has opportunity to respond to any instances of executive overreach. Nonetheless, doing so can often require Congress to dedicate significant resources to this task, and they are often loathe to do so. As such, as long as the president doesn’t do anything egregious to trigger this response, he or she can typically enjoy wide latitude in his or her actions.
Federal courts can undo unilateral presidential actions. A series of Supreme Court rulings forced the George W. Bush administration to allow terror suspects, such as Salim Hamdan, an Al Qaeda member captured in Afghanistan, to challenge their imprisonment. This courtroom sketch from the U.S. naval base in Guantánamo, Cuba, shows Hamdan (far left) and his legal team.
This figure shows the preelection year average approval ratings for recent presidents who ran for reelection. It shows that a president’s chances of winning reelection are related to his popularity. At what level of approval would you say that an incumbent president is likely to be reelected?
The president is the unofficial head of his party and works with fellow party members in government. Here, President Obama meets with Vice President Joe Biden and Democratic House leaders, clockwise from the bottom left, Steve Israel (D-NY), Chris Van Hollen (D-MD), Steny Hoyer (D-MD), House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), James Clyburn (D-SC), Xavier Becerra (D-CA), and Joseph Crowley (D-NY).
Barack Obama’s approval ratings were remarkably stable during his presidency, reflecting slow but steady economic growth and high levels of partisan polarization. During the last two years of Obama’s term in office, many Republicans said that Obama should be blamed for not dealing with ISIL and the threat of terrorist attacks in the United States. Does the data on Obama’s approval ratings suggest these attacks were successful or unsuccessful?
How often should presidents go on TV to address the American people? How often should they give one-on-one interviews? What about press conferences?
Remember that every televised appearance is a double-edged sword: it could make the president look better or worse.
For example, in 2009, after the arrest of an African American Harvard professor of President Obama’s acquaintance, Obama said the Cambridge police “acted stupidly.” Eventually, Obama called a “beer summit” to repair this public relations (PR) gaffe.
Neither President George W. Bush’s attempts to “sell” the American public on privatizing Social Security nor President Obama’s “sales pitch” on health care reform did much to ensure their bill’s passage, and this tactic can alienate members of Congress, who may feel that the pressure is inappropriate.
The president’s role as commander in chief of America’s armed forces gives him or her a tremendous amount of power—power that often can be exercised secretly. What should be the limits on presidential secrecy?
Congress has the power to block most types of presidential action, if it chooses. For example, in 2009 President Obama ordered the closure of the detention center for terror suspects at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, but Congress passed legislation preventing the closure until the Obama administration developed detailed plans for relocating the prisoners.
After Congress failed to pass the DREAM (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) Act, President Obama issued an executive order to stop the deportation of some young illegal immigrants in 2012. Although the scope of the order was subsequently constrained by a tied Supreme Court, Obama’s action stands as an example of how presidential power derives from control over how laws are implemented. #DREAMAct
The president plays a predominant role in American foreign policy. In the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan negotiated numerous arms agreements with the Soviet Union. Here, Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty eliminating certain types of nuclear missiles.
The president’s closest advisers are chosen for their loyalty to the president and his or her policy goals. President Trump named Reince Priebus (Chairman of the Republican National Committee, left) as his chief of staff and Steve Bannon (head of Breitbart News and campaign CEO, right) as chief strategist and senior counselor.
The Constitution makes the president commander in chief but limits that power by giving Congress the power to raise and support armies. Thus, while President Obama could order American forces to conduct air strikes on the ISIL terrorist organization in Syria, members of Congress had several legislative options to limit or even stop these operations.
The president’s Cabinet is composed of the heads of the 15 executive departments along with other appointees given cabinet rank by the president.