The document discusses the expansion of presidential power in the United States over time. It analyzes factors that have contributed to this expansion, including vague constitutional provisions, changing public expectations, congressional delegation of power and authority, and the president's role as commander-in-chief over the military. The document also examines the various roles and powers of the president, such as chief of state, commander-in-chief, chief diplomat, chief executive, chief legislator, and others.

1. The Presidency
Dr. Christopher S. Rice

3. Setting precedents
Early US presidents & their actions…

11. What explains the
expansion of
presidential power?

12. 4
Factors

13. Expansion
of
Presidential
Power

14. Energy
Expansion
of
Presidential
Power

15. Vague
Energy Constitutional
Provisions
Expansion
of
Presidential
Power

16. Vague
Energy Constitutional
Provisions
Expansion
of
Presidential
Power
Changing
Public
Expectations

17. Vague
Energy Constitutional
Provisions
Expansion
of
Presidential
Power
Changing Congressional
Public Delegation of
Expectations Power, Authority

18. Roles and Powers of
the President

19. Chief of State

20. The
Power to
Persuade

21. The
“Bully Pulpit”

22. State of the Union Address

23. Success!
FAIL
The Importance of Approval Ratings

24. Commander-in-Chief

25. Conveys
significant
authority
over foreign
affairs

26. 1861 - U.S. Civil War - 1865
Action on
Military
Matters
Congress President

27. 1861 - U.S. Civil War - 1865
Action on
Military
Matters
Congress President

28. United States vs.
Curtiss-Wright (1936)

29. Youngstown Sheet &
Tube Co. v Sawyer
(1951)

30. War Powers Resolution
(1973)

31. Manager of the Economy

33. Employment Act of 1946

34. The Budgetary Process
(c) 2008 L.A. Times

35. Office of Management and
Budget (OMB)

36. Congressional Budget
Office (CBO)

37. Chief Diplomat

38. Treaty Power
Power to negotiate treaties,
official agreements with other
countries

39. The Need for Senate Ratification

41. Executive Agreement
Legal contracts with foreign
countries that require only a
presidential signature

42. Chief Executive

43. Appointment
Power

44. Constitution allows presidents
to “appoint Ambassadors, other
public ministers and Consuls,
Judges of the supreme Court…
and all other Officers of the
United States.”

45. Advice & Consent

46. Inherent
Executive
Power

47. Executive Orders
directives to government
employees which carry the weight
of law unless they contradict acts
passed by Congress

48. Executive Privilege
right of the president to deny
Congress the information it
requests

49. Chief Legislator

50. Power to Recommend
Constitution encourages presidents to
recommend for Congressional
“consideration such Measures as he
shall judge necessary and expedient.”

51. I’m in ur Congress
Ignorin’ ur President

52. The “Honeymoon Period”
(and the importance of approval ratings)

54. Veto Power
Most important FORMAL presidential power

55. FAIL

56. Vetoes are a NEGATIVE option,
not a POSITIVE method

57. Reagan
and the
Pocket
Veto

59. Signing Statements

60. “I find these signing statements are to Bush
and Cheney's presidency what steroids were
to Arnold Schwarzenegger’s bodybuilding.
Like Schwarzenegger with his steroids, Bush
does not deny using his signing statements;
does not like talking about using them; and
believes that they add muscle. But like
steroids, signing statements ultimately lead
to serious trouble.”
John Dean, former Nixon White House Counsel

61. Signing Statements
Statements appended to bills signed
into law by the president which
function as directives to executive
branch departments and agencies
as to how they are to implement the
relevant law.

62. Source: CBS News

63. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006)

64. In recent years, signing
statements have been used
to effectively nullify
legislation as it relates to the
Executive Branch, rather
than veto it.

66. Source: New York Times

67. Signing Statements
MONROE to CARTER

68. Signing Statements
REAGAN to CLINTON

69. President Bush’s
Signing Statements
Number of Signing
YEAR
Statements
2001 24
2002 34
2003 27
2004 24
2005 14
2006 23
2007 8
TOTAL 154

70. How are President Bush’s
signing statements different?

71. Generally, President Bush's
signing statements tend to be
brief and very broad, &
seldom cite the authority on
which the president is relying
for his reading of the law.

72. Signing Statements
EXAMPLES

73. Signing Statements
PROBLEMS

74. Signing Statements

75. Signing Statements
• Problems

76. Signing Statements
• Problems
– Violates legal reasoning behind
judicial rejection of Line-Item Veto

77. Signing Statements
• Problems
– Violates legal reasoning behind
judicial rejection of Line-Item Veto
– Violation of the Presentment
Clause

78. Signing Statements
• Problems
– Violates legal reasoning behind
judicial rejection of Line-Item Veto
– Violation of the Presentment
Clause
– Conflict with the Justice
Department?

79. The Vice-Presidency

80. What does the Vice-President
DO, anyway?

81. “…the most insignificant
office that ever the
invention of man contrived
or his imagination
conceived.”
John Adams, the first Vice-
President

82. “…not worth a pitcher of
warm piss.”
John Nance Garner, the 32nd Vice-
President

83. “Once there were two
brothers. One went away to
sea; the other was elected
Vice-President of the United
States. And nothing was ever
heard of either of them
again.”
Thomas R. Marshall, the 28th Vice-
President

84. What does the Vice-President
DO, anyway?

85. A Heartbeat Away...

86. Constitution:
Should the President die or become
disabled while in office, quot;powers
and dutiesquot; of the office transferred
to the Vice President.

87. 25th Amendment
to the Rescue!

88. And the
First
Runner-Up
is...
(cc) 2005 Flickr user feastoffools

89. 12th Amendment
(1804)

90. 25th Amendment
(1967)

91. Okay, so I AM your
Stepping Stone (cc) 2007 Flickr user .Gladius

92. The Modern Vice-Presidency