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Land Use Changes in Lagos Metropolis
1. I. I. C. Nwokoro1 and S. O. Dekolo2
1Department
2
of Urban and Regional Planning,
University of Lagos, Nigeria
Department of Urban and Regional Planning,
Lagos State Polytechnic, Nigeria
SUSTAINABLE
7th International Conference on Urban
CITY Regeneration and Sustainability
7 - 9 May, 2012
2012 Ancona, Italy
2.
This presentation examines Spatio-temporal
trends in land use and land cover changes in
the Lagos Metropolitan region, especially the
loss of forest resources and agricultural land
to urban development.
The dynamics of land use change and its
impact on the environmental sustainability
will be discussed.
Finally recommendations for sustainable land
use and practices are outlined.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O. Dekolo,
University of Lagos, Nigeria
3.
Cities expansion in developing countries is
characterized by sporadic growth and sprawling
development especially in rapidly growing
metropolitan regions which has resulted in
problems like climate change, resource depletion
and diminution of agro-ecological and rural
lands.
Studies show that developing countries have
much faster urban population growth than the
developed world. In the 1950‟s less than 20% of
people in developing countries lived in cities,
however, the proportion increased to 40% in year
2000. It is projected that about 60% the
developing world will live in urban areas in 2030.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O. Dekolo,
University of Lagos, Nigeria
4.
Lagos metropolis is a continuous built area
spanning over 153,540 hectares of land
comprising virtually all the Local Government
Areas of Lagos State and four LGAs (i.e., Sagamu,
Owode, Ifo and Ado-Odo/Otta) in the
neighbouring Ogun State.
It was ranked by United Nations (World
Urbanization Prospects, 2007) as 9th among the
28 current and prospective megacities in the
world with a standard of living score of 19%.
The city has experienced tremendous spatial and
demographic growth which has led to continuous
loss of forest and agricultural land to built-up
areas.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O. Dekolo,
University of Lagos, Nigeria
6. Nigerian Cities with Poplation 750,000 or More in 2007
16000
Lagos, 14134
14000
12000
POPULATION („000)
10000
8000
6000
Kano, 4487
Ibadan, 3752
4000
Abuja, 2971
Kaduna,
Benin City,
Port Harcourt,
Ogbomosho,
Maiduguri,
Zaria,
Ilorin,
2000
2083
1755
1479
1386
1301
1293
1123
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects:
The 2006 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision, http://esa.un.org/unup, Thursday May 03, 2012; 11:09:2 2 AM.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O. Dekolo,
University of Lagos, Nigeria
7. 2006
Spatial Expansion of
Lagos City (1900-1984)*
The city grew from a small fishing settlement in Lagos
Island, which later became the seat of the British Colonial
government in 1861. The censuses 1871 and 1911 shows that
the city‟s population had doubled from 28,520 to 73,770; by
1963 the population has increased to 1.4 Million people with
its urban population put at 46% .The following census of 1991
puts its population at 5.6 Million with its urban areas
accounting for 92%. This is quite high compared to previous
censuses. In the 2006 census, the population rose to 9.1
million with its urban development extending beyond the state
boundaries and making it a Megacity and one of the largest
conurbations in the world.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
8.
Land use and land cover changes due to city expansion have
serious ecological repercussions and pose a great deal of
challenge to environmental sustainability at local and global
scales. It is a major driving force of global environmental
change, which affects the earth systems.
Prevailing global changes linked to
deforestation, desertification, biodiversity loss, food
insecurity, climate change, carbon emission etc, are
consequences of unsustainable use of land or unsustainable
practices.
Sustainability was defined by the Bruntland Commission (1987)
as the “ability to meet today‟s global
economic, environmental, social needs without compromising
the opportunity for future generations to meet theirs”.
Land use change is driven by Biophysical, economic, social and
Institutional forces. However, these forces must be kept within
environmental tolerable limits.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
10.
In most change detection studies, supervised and
unsupervised methods of classifications are used. The
former using training samples, samples of known identity
to classify pixels of unknown identity, while t using
training samples, samples of known identity to classify
pixels of unknown identity, while the later identifies
natural groups, or structures, within multispectral data.
In this study of Land Use Change of Lagos
Metropolis, Multitemporal Landsat satellite images were
used and classified using an unsupervised method.
The study area was classified into seven and maps were
generated after re-classification based on natural groups
germane to the study. The final output classes were: major
urban, minor urban, forested freshwater swamps; riparian
forests; cultivated farmlands, water bodies and no data
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
12. Land Use Pattern 1990
0
2.5
5
10
15
Land Use Pattern 2006
20
0
3
6
12
18
Kilometers
Kilometers
1990
LULC
Classification
24
2006
Remarks
Area (ha)
%
Area (ha)
%
% Change
27423
21.54
25754
20.23
-1.31
43272
33.99
19798
15.55
-18.44
Decrease
Waterbody
Riparian
Forest
Forested
Freshwater
Swamp
Cultivated
Farmlands
Decrease
Decrease
9237
7.26
6612
5.19
-2.07
7206
5.66
14111
11.09
+5.43
Minor Urban
7071
5.56
8106
6.37
+0.81
Major urban
32611
25.62
52908
41.57
+15.95
469
0.37
0
0
N.A.
127289
100
127289
100
Increase
Increase
Increase
Not Applicable
No Data
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
13.
There is a continuous urban growth beyond
the administrative boundaries of the city
giving a serious challenge in fiscal
management and responsibilities.
The study also shows that there was an
overall 30% loss of agro-ecological zone, with
the built up areas (major and minor urban
land uses) rising from 31% to 48% within the
study period.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
14.
There was a loss of 1.31% of the water bodies
during the study period. This may be due to
continuous reclamation and sand filling of water
fronts, swamps and the Lagos lagoon for
residential development by government and
private developers.
There is also loss of forest reserves and
freshwater swamps, which reduced by
approximately 20% land to built-up urban
development
The study also reveals a 5% rise in cultivated
farmland.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
15.
The Land use change study has shown that
between 1990 and year 2006, there was
significant decrease of over 20% of the forest
resources and ecological sensitive areas of the
metropolis to urban development.
The research established that remote sensing
and GIS are viable tool for natural resource
management in the developing countries as it
provides insight to the current trend in resource
depletion, deforestation and loss of biodiversity
in the ever growing city.
There is a need to urgently address the depletion
of the forest and water resources in Lagos
Metropolis.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
16.
There is need for timely and accurate data
management of land based resources in our
cities
There is need for implementation of spatial
technologies in government agencies responsible
for environmental management and city
management.
It is also suggested that GIS technology be
adopted by land managers in the city‟s
municipalities or local government councils as
well as other government and non-governmental
agencies dealing with land use management.
Spatial Data infrastructure need to be put in
place to encourage data sharing in our cities.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O. Dekolo,
University of Lagos, Nigeria
17.
This research was conducted at the Lagos
Urban Observatory domiciled at the
Department of Urban and Regional
Planning, University of Lagos.
Further work being done includes
determining the drivers of these changes and
modeling the future changes of the Megacity.
It is hoped that these findings will be
presented in future conferences.
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
18.
Well informed land use decisions will enhance
sustainable development.
Thank You
*
The image Spatial Expansion of Lagos City (1900-1994) was downloaded from Josephine Abiodun‟s work at URL:-
http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0i.htm
I.I.C. Nwokoro & S. O.
Dekolo, University of Lagos, Nigeria
