a report on land use planning. Mostly covers under indian context

1. LAND USE PLANNING
REPORT
BY
SNEHA GEORGE
161110002
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
DR.NAVNEET MUNOTH SIR
MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BHOPAL (M.P.)

2. Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................ 4
Need for land use planning .........................................................................................................5
Definition................................................................................................................................ 5
Land use..................................................................................................................................5
Objectives of land use planning............................................................................................... 6
Why is land use planning required.......................................................................................... 6
Steps in land use planning...........................................................................................................7
Build up goals and terms of reference....................................................................................... 7
Arrange the work.................................................................................................................... 7
Examine the issue.................................................................................................................... 8
Find ways of solving the problem.............................................................................................. 8
Assess land suitability ............................................................................................................. 8
Assess the other options: ecological, economic and social investigation...................................9
Finding out the best option......................................................................................................9
Preparing the land use plan ....................................................................................................9
Implementing the plan............................................................................................................ 9
Revision of the plan................................................................................................................. 9
Land use planning in India....................................................................................................... 11
Changes in land use patterns over time................................................................................. 11
Table 1: changes in land use pattern..................................................................................... 11
Table 2: changes in land use in the different states................................................................ 12
Table 3: Area under detailed land use in India...................................................................... 13
Major challenges related to land resource utilization............................................................ 14
Land use planning as a solution................................................................................................ 14
Solution for India’s land use planning................................................................................... 14
Forms of land use planning................................................................................................... 14
Types of land use planning.................................................................................................... 15
Integrated approach to planning........................................................................................... 15
Strategy for improving and strengthening planning.............................................................. 15
Maps/Mapping.......................................................................................................................... 16
Elements of a map.................................................................................................................. 17
Planning organisations ........................................................................................................... 22
Typology of land use .............................................................................................................. 23
Urban land use....................................................................................................................... 23
Colour coding......................................................................................................................... 26

3. Land use land cover mapping (LULC)...................................................................................... 28
Sources of land use information............................................................................................ 28
Factors in LULC mapping......................................................................................................... 28
Classification systems............................................................................................................. 29
Land utilization classification.................................................................................................. 30
Land use mapping system....................................................................................................... 32
Land use classification in India................................................................................................. 33
Table showing the grouping of land in India............................................................................ 33
Net Sown Area estimation using AWiFS .................................................................................. 34
Method of net sown area estimation...................................................................................... 35
Colour coding......................................................................................................................... 37
Net sown area over the years in India..................................................................................... 38
National land use allocation scheme.......................................................................................... 39
Land classification.................................................................................................................. 39
Land reclassification............................................................................................................... 39
Land sub classification............................................................................................................ 39
Zoning.................................................................................................................................... 39
Land use conversion............................................................................................................... 39
Concepts related to land use .................................................................................................. 39
Reversible uses ...................................................................................................................... 40
Irreversible uses..................................................................................................................... 40
Multiple land use ................................................................................................................... 40
Compatible land use............................................................................................................... 40
Best use of land...................................................................................................................... 41
Comprehensive land use plan................................................................................................. 41
Conclusion................................................................................................................................ 41
Sources ..................................................................................................................................... 42

4. Introduction
Land is a finite resource and only 20% of the land is available for use to be used for all
sorts of development purposes. It is the most important natural resource that holds together
soil, water and the associated flora and fauna.
Land may be a restricted resource and however an important resource for meeting the
social, economic and environmental demands and targets. Land is the most important segment
of the life support system. India is the 7th largest country in the world, so land resource
management is very important and necessary for the country. Agricultural lands are becoming
more important as livelihood of a significant amount of the country’s population is dependent
on it. India has over 17% of world’s population living on 2.6% of the world’s geographical
area.
Land is an essential requirement for agriculture to feed all the population. Also the
government requires land to meet the public needs. In recent years in India, there has been a
tremendous amount of pressure regarding land so it’s been difficult to have sustainable
development.
There is a need for basic utilization of land resources. India as a country can no longer
afford to neglect the land as it’s the most important natural resource. In order for development
to take place, proper use of land also has to be done. Also there is a need to preserve the
country’s cultural, natural and historic heritages.
In every case, land has to be properly utilised. That’s where land use planning comes
into play. Planning a city or a place helps to make it more developed and utilizable.

5. Need for land use planning
Definition
Land use
It alludes to the way of usage of land, including its assignment, improvement and the
executives.
Figure 1: Land Use Planning – An Interwoven Web
Refers to the rational and judicious approach
of allocating available land resources to
different land using activities and for different
functions consistent with the overall
development vision/goal of a particular city
refers to a document embodying a set of
policies accompanied by maps and similar
illustrations which represent the community
desired pattern of population distribution and
a proposal for the future allocation of land to
the various land-using activities.

6. Objectives of land use planning
Why is land use planning required
To promote efficient utilization, acquisition and disposition of land
ensure the highest and best use of land
To direct, harmonize and influence discussions and activities of the
private and public sectors relative to the use and management of
lands
To reconcile land use conflicts and proposals between and among
individuals, private and government entities relative to the present
and future need for the land
To promote desirable patterns of land uses to prevent wasteful
development and minimize the cost of public infrastructure and
utilities and other social services
to preserve areas of ecological, aesthetic, historical and cultural
significance
Respond to an evolving
market
Provide housing and
transportation choice
Make efficient use of
infrastructure
Preserve open space
Protect critical
environmental areas and
sensitive land
Reduce vehicle miles
traveled

7. Steps in land use planning
Build up goals and terms of reference
 Define the arranging zone
 Contact the people being referred to
 Acquire fundamental information about the region.
 present land use
 framework
 populace
 land residency
 social structure
 government
 NGOs
 business affiliations
 Establish the objectives
 Set the extent of the arrangement
 Set the organising time span
 Agree on the substance and arrangement of the game plan
 Decide operational requests.
Arrange the work
• List the planning tasks and activities.
• Decide which tasks need to be completed before others can be started.
• Draw up a work plan for the project as a whole (table, bar chart etc).
• Draw up individual, personal work plans.
• Allocate money and equipment.
• Arrange administrative matters and logistics:

8. Examine the issue
Gather information on the current situation
 populace
 land resources
 work and pay
 present land use
 creation and patterns
 foundation
Recognise and guide:
 land units
 land-use structures
Perceive issues of land use:
 nature and seriousness, land units and land-use frameworks influenced
 examination of causes
Find ways of solving the problem
Existing land use
Specification for improved land use
Choices
Assess land suitability
• Describe land-use types in adequate detail for following investigation.
• Select land qualities and land attributes to be utilized in correlations of land-use prerequisites
with land.
• Map the land units and decide their relevant land traits and qualities.
• Set restricting qualities to arrive use prerequisites, to be utilized for deciding class limits for
land appropriateness. Consider manageability and the proportion of advantages to inputs.
• Match land use with land
• Map land appropriateness for each land-use type.
• Plan for research required: additional studies, explore by outside offices or inside the land-
use plan.

9. Assess the other options: ecological, economic and social investigation
An assessment has been made of whether different kinds of land use can be attempted on a
sustained basis.
- Environmental effect evaluation
- Financial examination
- Economic examination
- Social effect
- Strategic planning
Finding out the best option
Using the past advances, the organizer needs to remember everything and pick land use
arranging techniques that will be the best alternative
Choices ashore assignment for utilizations start with
 A set of approach rules
 Land units
 Land use types
Preparing the land use plan
• Prepare maps - the basic or master land-use plan and supporting maps.
• Set out the land-use allotments and suggestions.
• Set focuses for accomplishment, via land-use type, region and office.
• Draw up strategic arrangements, determining the capital works, repetitive information
sources and duties regarding usage.
• Establish mechanisms for monitoring progress and changing the plan.
• Make arrangements for research needed to support the plan.
• Determine the money required for every activity and decide wellsprings of assets.
• Write the report
• Establish instruments for correspondence with, and the investment of, all foundations
included.
• Prepare advertising material.
Implementing the plan
 try and make sure that the ideas put forward are attempted and executed
 maintain communication between people and institutions
 help in coordinating activities
Revision of the plan
 Comparing the current land and how is the new plans working out.

10.  If it’s not as successful, then trying to find out the mistakes and making changes
accordingly.
Figure 2: Key planning steps for Land Utilisation Zones

11. Land use planning in India
Changes in land use patterns over time
Table 1: changes in land use pattern
Table 1: Changes in land use pattern
Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry
of Agriculture, Govt. Of India, New Delhi, 1997
Over the years, the forest area has increased a lot and they account for nearly 22.4 percent of
the total reporting area. Area under non-agricultural uses increased from 9.4 million hectares
in 1950-51 to 22.0 million hectares in 1993-1994.

12. Table 2: changes in land use in the different states
Table 2: Changes in land use in the different states

13. Table 3: Area under detailed land use in India
Table 3: Area under detailed land use in India
The expanding pressure upon the land difficulties for property improvement.
There's a need for good answers for best use of normal assets that square measure web-footed
on sound core values. There's a need to help the natural procedure parts to understand their
objectives, similar to those of urban and mechanical improvement, mining, the travel industry,
and framework advancement through appropriately arranged and guided advancement during
a property way hence as to not have land utilize clashes or negative ecological effects.

14. Major challenges related to land resource utilization
Land use planning as a solution
Solution for India’s land use planning
Despite the fact that India isn't so ahead or created in arranging, it is as yet attempting to reach
there. Additionally there are various sorts of arranging of land use.
Forms of land use planning
Land is a limited resource and has pressure from social, economic and
environmental needs
competing land uses for the same parcel of land
conflicting land uses
negative impacts from improper or lack of land use planning causing
social conflicts and protests against land acquisition, pollution
Urban area planning
• master plans and development plans are prepared for towns, cities and metropolitan
regions
Industrial investment zones planning
• includes human habitat areas, agricultural areas and industrial areas
Eco sensitive zones planning
• preparation of Zonal Master Plans or Zonal Development Plans that guide further
development in the areas
Coastal zone planning
• has an important element of preparation of land use plans for the coastal zones.

15. Types of land use planning
As India does not have a proper planning system, the approach has to be changed and also there
are some other specific needs:
Integrated approach to planning
 Development of strategies
 Improvement and fortifying of planning
 Strengthening of foundation and planning components
 Creation of mechanisms to facilitate the active involvement and participation of
communities and people at local level.
Strategy for improving and strengthening planning
 Meeting the urbanisation demands.
 Meeting the industrialisation demands.
 Meeting the requests of provincial and horticulture divisions.
 Protection of the grounds under normal assets and biological system administrations.
 Meeting the mining part demands.
Traditional or comprehensive planning
• it focuses on on producing clear statements about the form and content of new
development
Systems planning
• 1950s–1970s; focuses less on the physical plan
Democratic planning
• 1960s; here the people had more voice in the planning of the city
Advocacy or equity planning
• 1960s & 70s; this was done to address social issues of inequality and injustice in
community planning.
strategic planning
• 1960s-present; small scale objectives are given importance
Environmental planning
• 1960s-present; as the word implies it is planned in such a way that the environment is
not hurt
Tenure responsive planning
• 2015-onwards; It acknowledges that land use designing ought
to be cooperative however with the aim of tenure security improvement.

16.  Meeting the transport part demands.
 Protection of the social interests and job viewpoints.
 Protection of the inheritance areas.
 Regulating land use shifts from one use to the other.
Maps/Mapping
A graphical portrayal of a spot or specific marvels or topics in a territory. It is a helpful visual
type of spatial information, their dispersion and connections.

17. Elements of a map
Types of maps
General
 Reference map
 Base map
map title
legend
date and author
north arrow
• latitude
• longitude
geographic coordinates
• graphic scale
• numeric scale
scale
General
Thematic
Analytical

18. This is a reference map
Thematic
 Topographic
 Climatic
 Hydrologic
 Slope
 Soil
 Land classification
Topographic map

19. Climatic map
Slope map

20. Soil map
Hydrologic map
 Population density map
 Cadastral map
 Land values map
 Land use map
 General land use

21.  Urban land use map
 Urban land use plan
 Zoning map
Cadastral map
Population density map
Analytical
 Erosion hazard map
 Flooding hazard
 Land capability map
 Soil suitability map

22.  Development constraints map
 Land suitability map
Planning organisations
1. Regional planning
 NEDA – National Economic Development Authority
 NLUC – National Land Use Committee
 RDC – Regional Development Council
 PDC – Provincial Development Council
 PLUC – Provincial Land Use Committee
2. Urban planning
 HUDCC – Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
 HLURB – Housing & Land Use Regulatory Board
 RLUC – Regional Land Use Committee
 M/CDC–Municipal/City Development Council
 BDC– Barangay Development Council
3. HLURB (HOUSING AND LAND USE REGULATORY BOARD) – the planning,
regulatory and quasi-judicial instrumentality of government for land use development.
4. Town Planning and Zoning Assistance Program
5. Real Estate Management Program

23. Typology of land use
Urban land use
Different colours show different uses of land.
There are two sets of colour codes for land uses. Some states have adopted one colour code
and some states, another colour code.
Below is the example of an urban land use map
Residential use
Commercial use
Industrial use
Recreational use
public and semi public use

24. Figure 3: Master plan
There are basically 2 different types of urban land use
 CBD model
 Hoyt model
CBD
Figure 4: CBD model

25. Figure 5: HOYT model
HOYT model
CBD
 Cities develop outwards in a progression of concentric rings of land-use.
 Centre is the most seasoned and the freshest part on the external edge
 The quality and size of lodging increments with good ways from the CBD.
HOYT
 Modified from CBD model after the advancement of open vehicle.
 Suggests that transport and physical highlights were significant, with modern regions
growing outwards in parts along fundamental vehicle courses

26. Colour coding

28. Land use land cover mapping (LULC)
This is significant for worldwide checking thinks about, asset the board, and arranging
exercises.
Sources of land use information
Factors in LULC mapping
Conventional
• Topographical maps from SOI make a very broad land cover categories. These
mainly provide topographical information.
• Soil Survey organizations make soil and land capability maps for specific project/
areas.
• Land use Atlas from NATMO are mainly small scale and are secondary
compilations.
remote sensing based
• LULC maps at different scales using aerial photos
objective
classification
scheme
mapping scale
data source analysis technique

29. Classification systems
International classification
Scale method output

30. Land utilization classification
Old fivefold classification
New nine fold classification
Forests
Area not available for cultivation
Other cultivated land, excluding current fallows
Fallow lands
Net sown area

31. Forests
Land put to non-agricultural uses
Barren & unculturable land
Permanent pastures & other grazing lands
Miscellaneous tree crops & groves, not included in the net
area sown.
Culturable waste
Fallow land, other than current fallows
Current fallows
Net sown area

32. Land use mapping system
Figure 6: Land use and Land cover Mapping

33. Land use classification in India
Table 4: Grouping of land in India
Table showing the grouping of land in India

34. Net Sown Area estimation using AWiFS
(AWiFS is a satellite)
200 Km tiling scheme
Total=137 tiles

35. Method of net sown area estimation

37. Colour coding
This is the colour coding provided for the different types of land in India
Table 5: colour coding

38. Net sown area over the years in India
It can be seen that there was a progressive increase in the net sown area but in the last 2 years
in decreased around 10 million hectares.

39. National land use allocation scheme
Land classification
Includes the evaluation of unclassified terrains under the open space which incorporate looking
over, characterizing, contemplating and mapping regions into horticultural, backwoods or
timber, mineral and national parks
Land reclassification
Resulting characterization, portion and attitude of terrains of the open space, named alienable
and expendable into explicit employments
Land sub classification
Demonstration of deciding and allotting the employments of ordered open grounds
Zoning
Authoritative demonstration of outlining regions or areas inside the regional purviews of urban
communities and regions that might be put to explicit utilizes and their guideline, subject to the
constraints forced by law or equipped authority
Land use conversion
Demonstration of placing a piece or bundle of land into a kind of utilization other than that for
which it is at present being used
(Raghu Babu Nakula)
Concepts related to land use

40. Reversible uses
Inalienable highlights and attributes of the land have not been impressively adjusted or altered
to such an extent that the dirt skyline, landform, and structure stay unblemished with the goal
that the land can be returned to its previous use or unique condition.
Irreversible uses
At the point when land is dependent upon applications which realized changes, adjustment or
alterations to such an extent that it pre-empts the first use or it is physically difficult to
reestablish the land to its past state or condition.
Multiple land use
 Combining different land uses, whether reversible or irreversible, in an orderly and
desirable pattern because
 Land is limited and supply is limited
 Demand is consistently expanding
 Competition is there
 Land can surely have beyond what one use and uses can be joined in various manners.
Compatible land use
A related idea of various employments of land is the similarity of employments. Some land
uses are inherently contradictory while others are totally perfect. Good uses can coincide
amicably and adequately in a precise administration
Reversible uses
Irreversible uses
multiple land use
compatible land use
best use of land
comprehensive land use plan

41. Best use of land
 The utilization of land which creates the greatest benefit without negative outcomes
particularly on the earth
 Land ought to be utilized in such a way predictable with its characteristic characteristics
to boost its efficiency and furthermore hold fast to the standards of manageable
improvement.
Comprehensive land use plan
A record typifying explicit proposition for controlling, directing development and
advancement of a city or district.
Conclusion
The goal of planning land use and making optimal choices and managing the land resources is
so that to have a good future of the land. Following the process of land use planning step by
step helps it in being more developed and systematic .The output will be understandable and
in a user friendly format. A well planned urban area is a well-prepared urban area: thinking
about the future allows for better preparedness.
Good land use planning positively impacts the development of economy. This will help in the
development of the country as a whole. Planning is also helping us in following a sustainable
design and save the cultural heritage of the country. This is also a very good things as it helps
the future also.
Due to more discussions related of climate change and global warming, the future of land use
planning will be dominated by environmental sustainability themes more than economic
convenience.
The methodology for accomplishing incorporated land use arranging and the executives ought
to have the key components of
a) Advancement of policies for ideal usage of land assets,
b) Improvement and strengthening of arranging, the board, checking and assessment
frameworks,
c) Strengthening of institutions, coordination and usage systems; and
d) Making of instruments to encourage enabling networks and women in arranging and basic
leadership
The arranging of the Land Utilization Zones ought to be founded on sound arranging
techniques and arranging standards incorporating socio, financial and natural requests, just as
the sectoral demands and participatory procedures in order to guarantee sustainable
advancement.

42. Such a vital methodology would support sustainable land use for a developing nation like India
to accomplish its socio, monetary and environmental objectives and targets.
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